A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr.

Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -
Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr.
Model Paper -2019
Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr.

Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics
- Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L
Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Dr. Kalinga Bandara
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Advanced Level
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Prepared by Prof. Kalinga Bandara
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara

PHYSICS
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara, A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara

ld,h meh 2 ls
F
01. V k hk m%ldYKfha V u.ska m%fõ.h o F u.ska n,h o ksrEmKh lrhs' k udk rys; ksh;hls' j,ska

ksrEmkh jk rdYsfha udk jkqfha"

() M L-2 (2) M L T-2 (3) M L-1 (4) L T-1 (5) M L2 T-2

02. bf,lafg%dakhl wdfrdamKh 1.610-19 C kï 40 kW h l Yla;shla i|yd mj;sk MeV (fu.d bf,lafg%dak
fjda,aÜ) ixLHdj ljf¾ o ?

(1) 9  1018 (2) 9  1016 (3) 9  1020 (4) 9  1022 (5) 9  1024

03. taldËj ;nk ,o wNsidrS yd wmidrS ldp folla rEmfha oelafõ' wmidrS ldph u; m;kh jk iudka;r
wdf,dal loïnhla wNsidrS ldpfhka iudka;rj u msgù hhs' rEmfha oelafjk ldp iïnkaOj isÿ lr we;s
my; m%ldYk i,lkak'

(A) wNsidrS ldpfha n,h wmidrS ldpfha n,hg jvd jeä h'
(B) wNsidrS ldpfha kdNsh ÿr wmidrS ldpfha kdNsh ÿrg jvd jeä h'
(C) ldp fol w;r mr;rh tajdfha kdNsh ÿrj,a w;r wka;rhg iudk fõ'

by; m%ldY w;=rska i;H jkqfha"

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) A yd C muKs' (4) B yd C muKs' (5) A, B yd C ish,a,'

g
04. .eUqre c,fha oS c, ;rx.hl fõ.h v  hk iólrKfhka fokq ,efí' fuys  hkq ;rx. wdhduh jk
2
w;r g hkq .=re;ajc ;ajrKh fõ' fuu ;rx.fha ixLHd;h f kï" uQ, ,ËHh yryd hk ir, f¾Ldjla ,nd
.ekSu i|yd m%ia;dr .; l< hq;= jkafka"

1
(1) f 2 g bosrsfha  fõ' (2) f g bosrsfha  fõ' (3) f g bosrsfha fõ'

1 1
(4) f 2 g bosrsfha fõ' (5) f 2 g bosrsfha fõ'
 2

05. A iy B udOH ;=< § wdf,dalfha m%fõ.h ms<sfj,ska 2.0108 m s-1 iy 2.4108 m s-1 fõ' A iy B udOH fol
w;r wjê fldaKh (c) iudk jkqfha"

5 5 2 3 5

(1) sin -1   (2) sin -1   (3) sin -1   (4) sin -1   (5) cos -1  
 12  6 3 4  12 
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06. p, wkaùCIhla ;=,ska flaIsl k,hl isÿf¾ m%;sìïnh

ksÍËKh l< úg fmfkk wdldrhka I yd II rEm igyka
uÕska fmkakqï lrhs'
I wjia:dfõ isg II wjia:dj ,nd .ekSug wkaùËh
úia:dmkh l< hq;= ksjeros osYdj jkafka"
I rEm igyk II rEm igyk

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

07. jdfka lïìhla tys m%;Hia: iSudj ;=< weo we;' fhdod we;s Ndrh w¾Ohla l< úg"
(A) jdfka lïìfha ú;;sh w¾Ohla fõ' (B) jdfka lïìfha m%;Hdn,h w¾Ohla fõ'
(C) jdfka lïìfha úl%shd Yla;sh w¾Ohla fõ'

ñka i;H jkqfha"

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) C muKs' (4) A yd B muKs' (5) A yd C muKs'

08. ixjD; nÿkla ;=, jdhq ialkaOhla isr lr we;' fuu jdhq P
ialkaOh A wjia:dfõ isg B wjia:dj olajd ls%hdj,s follska
B
fjkia l< yel' tAjd AB yd ACB f,i olajd we;' fï
iïnkaOj my; m%ldY j,ska ljrla idjoH fõ o@

(1) AB ls%hdj,sfha oS WmÍu ld¾hhla isÿ lrhs'

(2) ls%hdj,s fofla oS u moaO;sfha wNHka;r Yla;s fjkiaùu iudkh' A C
(3) AB ls%hdj,sfha oS Wmßu ;dm m%udKhla ,ndf.k we;'
(4) CB ls%hdj,sfha § lrk ,o ld¾hh Y=kH fõ' 0 V
(5) AC yd CB Wm ls%hdj,skaf.ka ;dmh Wrd.kafka tla wjia:djl oS mu‚'

09. taldldr lïìhla rEmfha fmkajd we;s mßos kjd we;' P, Q, R yd S Q

,ËHhka mdohla a jk iup;=ri%hl YS¾I jk mßos msysgd we;s w;r"
R
PQ yd RS úYalïNh jk fia we;s w¾O jD;a;dldr fldgia folla jk
fia Q yd R j,ska lïìh kjd we;' fuu ieliqfï .=re;aj flakaøhg
QR isg we;s ÿr jkafka"

a a  a
(1) (2) (3)
2  1   1   1
a a
(4) (5)
 2  1 P S

10. c, lrduhlska isriaj my<g 1.0 m s-1 l wdrïNl fõ.hlska c,h .,hs' lrdufha yrialv j¾.M,h 10-4 m2
ls' c, m%jdyh Tiafia mSvkh ksh; hehs o .e,Su wkjr; hehs o i,lkak' lrduhg 0.15 m my<ska m%jdyfha
yrialv j¾.M,h jkafka"

(1) 5×10-5 m2 (2) 2.5×10-5 m2 (3) 5.8×10-5 m2 (4) 6.7×10-4 m2 (5) 1.0×10-4 m2

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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11. jia;=jla A ÿkq ;rdosfhka t,a,q úg tys mdGdxlh 50 g úh miqj th

a q úg fmd,af;,a 10 cm3 la úia:dmkh úh'
fmd,af;,a msrjq B nÿk ;=, .s,,
jia;=j fmd,af;,aj, .s,S mj;sk úg fmkajk ÿkq ;rdosfha mdGdxlh jkafka A
^fmd,af;,a j, >k;ajh 800 kg m-3&

(1) 60 g
(2) 58 g B
(3) 50 g
(4) 42 g
(5) 40 g

12. m%ldY ;ka;=jl uOH fldgi j¾;kdxlh n1 jq

øjHhlska iukaù; jk w;r th jgd wdrËs; n2
wdjrKh j¾;kdxlh n2 jq øjHhlska ksujd
we;' my; rEmfha olajd we;s f,i m%ldY n1
;ka;=j Tiafia wdf,dal lsrKhla iïfma%IKh i
i|yd mej;sh yels i m;k fldaKfha WmrSu
w.h jkafka"

 n 2 n 2 
(1) sin 1  n1  n 2  (2) sin 1   (3) sin 1  n 2  n1 
2 2 1 2 2 2
   n1   
 
 n 2 n 2   n 2 n 2 
(4) sin 1   (5) sin 1  
1 2 1 2
 n2   n1 n 2 
   

13. c,fha ;%sl ,ËHh 273.16 K f,i mokï lr .ksñka ksrfmaË WIaK;aj mrsudKh ilia lr we;' c,fha ;%sl
,ËHfha oS riosh WIaK;ajudkhl we;s riosh mrsudj 27.316 mm3 o tla;rd øjhl ;dmdxlfha oS tu w.h
27.300 mm3 o fõ' tu øjfha ;dmdxlfha ksjeros w.h jkafka"

(1) – 0.16 K (2) – 0.15 K (3) – 0.16 C (4) – 0.15 C (5) 0 C

14. ialkaOh m jk jia;j = la iqug wdk; ;,hla u; ,siaid hhs' wdk; ;,fha
ialkaOh o m jk w;r th rEmfha olajd we;s wdldrhg ;rdos ;eáhlg wp,j
iú fldg we;' jia;=j wk; ;,h u; ,siia d hk úg" ;rdos mdGdxlh jkqfha" 

(1) mg + mg cos  (4) mg + mg sin2 

(2) mg + mg cos  sin  (5) 2mg
(3) mg + mg cos2 

15. my; rEmfha olajd we;s f,i d mr;rhlska ;nd we;s os. l jQ ;yvq folla w;r E úoHq;a fËa;%hla fhdod we;'
;yvq w;r uOH f¾Ldj Tiafia v fõ.hlska we;=¿ jk  wxY=jla úoHq;a fËa;%fhka msgj hk m%fõ.h jkafka
[m hkq fm%dafgdakhl ialkaOh fõ],

2
 eEl   eEl 
(1) v 
2
 (2) v   
 2mv   2mv 
v
 eEd 
2
 2eEd 
2 d
(3) v 
2
 (4) v 
2

 2m   m 
 eEl 
(5) v   
 2mv 
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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16. ÿïßh ud¾.hlg wdikak ia:dkhlska ihsrka k<djla y~jkq ,nkafka 5.0 kHz ixLHd;fhks' A ÿïrshlska tu
ia:dkhg ,Õd jk u.sfhl=g tu y~ 5.5 kHz ixLHd;fhka Y%jkh jk w;r" fjk;a B ÿïrshlska tu
ia:dkhg ,Õd jk u.sfhl=g th 6.0 kHz ixLHd;hlska Y%jkh fõ' A yd B ÿïßhj, m%fõ.hka ms<sfj,ska vA
v
yd vB kï" B hk wkqmd;h jkqfha"
vA
11 1 5 11
(1) (2) 2 (3) (4) (5)
12 2 6 6

17. ialkaOh m jQ lDñfhl= iqug ;sria ìula u; ksYap,;djfha mj;sk ialkaOh M yd os. L jQ oKavla osf.a
bosrshg p,s; fõ' lDñhd yd oKav w;r iaÓ;sl >¾IK ix.=Klh  fõ' lDñhdg oKav Tiafia tyd fl<jrg
.uka l< yels fláu ld,h t kï" t2 iudk jkqfha"

2L 2mL 2 ML 2mL 2mL

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
g  ( M  m) g  ( M  m) g Mg mg

18. my; rEmfha oelafjk mßos" wrh 0.5 m jk jD;a;dldr uqÿjl os. 0.002 m
jQ l=vd fldgila lmd bj;a fldg we;' uqÿj mqrd +1 C úoHq;a wdfrdamKhla
1
taldldrj me;sr mj;S'  9  109 N m2 C-2 fõ kï" uqÿfõ flakaøfha
4 0
úoHq;a fËa;% ;Sj%;djh jkqfha"

(1) 7.5  107 N C-1 (2) 7.2  107 N C-1 (3) 6.2  107 N C-1
(4) 6.5  107 N C-1 (5) 5.5  107 N C-1

19. wrh R yd ialkaOh M jk jD;a;dldr j,,a,la wfkla ishÆu jia;=kaf.ka tal,s; kï tys flakaøfha isg x
ÿßka wCIh u; msysá ,ËHhl .=re;ajdl¾IK fCIA;% ;Sj%;dj g fldmuK o@ i¾j;% .=re;ajdl¾IK ksh;h G
fõ'

GM GM GMx GMR GMx

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
x2 R  x2
2
R 2
 x2 
3
2
R 2
 x2 
3
2 R  x2
20. úoHd.dr mÍËK lSmhla iïnkaOfhka lr we;s my; m%ldYj,ska wi;H m%ldYh l=ula o?
(1) isis,k l%uh uÕska øjhl úYsIaG ;dm Odß;djh fidhk mrSËKfha oS øj uÜgu le,rsógrfha lfgys isg
1 cm la muK my<ska ;nd .kS'
(2) c,fha jdIamSlrKfha úYsIaG .=m;
a ;dmh fiùfï mÍËKfha oS ldur WIaK;ajfha we;s c,hg yqud,h
úoSu isÿ fkdlrkafka mrsirh iuÕ isÿjk ;dm yqjudrej je,elaùug h'
(3) 101 kPa mSvkhla hgf;a yqud, cklfhka ksmojk yqud,fha WIaK;ajh 100 C g jvd fjkia úh yels h'
(4) jd l|l mßudj fjkqjg jdhqj msß k<fha Wi ie,lSug kï k<hg taldldr yrialv j¾.M,hla ;sìh
hq;= h'
(5) ;=Idr wxlh fidhk mÍËKfha oS le,ßógrfhka wvla muK c,h mqrjhs'

v (m s-1)
21. ialkaOhka ms<sfj,ska m1 yd m2 jQ" A yd B jdyk foll B
4
m%fõ. (v) - ld, (t) m%ia;dr rEmfha oelafõ' ;;amr 3 lg miq
j tu jdyk fol .efgk w;r .egqfuka miq j p,s;h o A
3
tu m%ia;drfha u oelafõ' m1 yd m2 w;r ksjeros iïnkaOh
jkqfha" 2
B
1
(1) m1 = 3m2 (2) 3m1 = m2
(3) 3m1 = 5m2 (4) 3m1 = 7m2 0 t (s)
1 2 3 4
(5) 5m1 = 3m2 -1
A
-2
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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22. wdrïNfha oS rEmfha oelafjk ùÿre fnda;,h ;=< jdhqf.da, 1 l

mSvkhla hgf;a jd;h we;s w;r kQ,lska t,ajk ,o ne¨ula ;=<
jdhqf.da, 3 l mSvkhla hgf;a jd;h we;' miqj fnda;,h jid
kQ,
oukq ,nk w;r fnda;,fha yd ne¨fï mrsud w;r wkqmd;h 5:1
fõ' ne¨u yosisfha mqmqrd hhs kï (WIaK;ajfha fjkia ùu
fkdi,ld yrskak)" bka miq j fnda;,h ;=< mSvkh jkafka"
ne¨u
(1) jdhqf.da, 0.8 (2) jdhqf.da, 1.0 (3) jdhqf.da, 1.2
(4) jdhqf.da, 1.4 (5) jdhqf.da, 1.8 fnda;,h

23. N+ñ lïmdjl oS tys iajNdjh yd th yg.;a ÿr fidhd

.ekSu i|yd N+ñ lïmk udkhla uÕska ,nd .kakd
;rx. Ndú;d lrhs' fuys oS igyka jQ P yd S ;rx. P - ;rx.h S - ;rx.h
rEmfha whqrska igyka jQ w;r tajdfha fõ. ms<sfj,ska
6000 m s-1 yd 3000 m s-1 fõ' ksrSËK uOHia:dkfha isg
N+ñ lïmkh isÿ jQ ia:dkhg ÿr m%udKh úh yelafla"

(1) 1300 km (2) 1440 km

(3) 1800 km (4) 2200 km
(5) 2400 km

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
ld,h (ñks;a;=)
24. os. l yd ialkaOh m jk taldldr fkdjk PQ ikakdhl
oKafâ .=re;aj flakaøh P ys isg 2:1 wkqmd;hg fnok
,ËHfha mj;S' fuu oKav P yd Q fofl<jfrka t,ajd
we;af;a isria wú;kH ieye,a¨ mßjdrl ;ka;= folla
uÕsks' oKavg ,ïNl j rEmfha olajd we;s mßos
lvodish ;=<g B i%dj >k;ajhla iys; pqïnl fËa;%hla
fhdod we;' ikakdhl oKav Tiafia P isg Q olajd I
T1 B T2
Odrdjla hjkq ,enQ úg" P yd Q fofl<jrg iïnkaO
;ka;=j, wd;;s ms<sfj,ska T1 yd T2 fõ kï tajdfha
úYd,;aj jkqfha"
I I
P Q
l

wd;;sh (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

mg mg BIl mg  BIl mg BIl 2mg BIl
T1  BIl   
3 2 2 3 2 3 2
2mg mg BIl mg  BIl 2mg BIl mg BIl
T2  BIl   
3 2 2 3 2 3 2

25. f¾Çh m%idrK;dj  jk øjHhlska idok ,o taldldr >k f.da,hl

WIaK;ajh 1 C oS >k;ajh  fõ' ÿkq ;rdoshl t,ajd we;s f.da,h rEmfha
olajd we;s mrsos mßud m%idrK;dj  jk" WIaK;ajh 2 C ys mj;sk øjhl
iïmQ¾Kfhka .s,ajd ;enQ úg ÿkq ;rdosfha mdGdxlh Y=kH úh'
1 - 2 =  C kï" 1 C oS øjfha >k;ajh jkafka"

(1)
1  3  (2)
1    (3)
31   
1    1  3  1    øjh
(4)
1  3  (5)
1    2 C
1    1   

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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26. kdNsh ÿr 20 cm jQ wNsidrS ldphl isg 42 cm la ÿrla wE;ska m%ldY wËh u; jia;=jla ;nd we;' iudka;r
me;s iys; úÿre l=ááhla jia;=j yd ldph w;r ldpfha m%ldY wËh u; Bg ,ïNlj ;enQ úg" jia;=fõ
úYd,;ajhg iudk m%;sìïnhla ,nd .; yels úh' ùÿrej, j¾;kdxlh 1.5 fõ kï" tu ùÿre l=ááfha >klu
jkqfha"

(1) 2 cm (2) 4 cm (3) 6 cm (4) 8 cm (5) 9 cm

27. ieye,a¨ iúu;a m%;Hia: ;ka;=jl iajNdúl È. OA jk w;r O ,CIHhg O O

.eg.id tys ksoyia fl<jrg m ialkaOhla iys; jia;=jla wuqkd uqodyß'
±ka th A yd C w;r .uka lrñka foda,kh fõ' ;ka;=fõ Wmßu ú;;shla
fmkajk fudfydf;a tys .nvd ù we;s m%;Hia: úNj Yla;sh jkqfha"
m A
mgh mgh mgh
() (2) (3)
2 4 2 h
(4) mgh (5) 2mgh
C
28. WIaK;ajh -20 C ys we;s whsia 0.5 kg m%udKhla Ndú;fhka 20 C we;s c,h ,nd .ekSug Ëu;djh 916 W jQ
úoHq;a ;dmlhla Ndú;d lrhs' whsiaj, yd c,fha úYsIaG ;dm Odrs;d w.hka ms<sfj,ska" 2000 J kg-1 C-1 yd
4200 J kg-1 C-1 fõ' whsiaj, ú,hkfhaa úYsIaG .=ma; ;dmh 334 kJ kg-1 fõ' mrsirh yd isÿ jk ;dm yqjudrej
fkdi,ld yersh yels kï" by; ls%hdj i|yd .;jk ld,h jkafka"

(1) 50 s (2) 100 s (3) 150 s (4) 200 s (5) 250 s

29. kdNsh ÿrj,a 3 cm yd 5 cm jQ wNsirK ldp follska iukaù; ixhql;

a wkaùËhla i,lkak' úIo oDIaáfha
wju ÿr 25 cm jQ mqoa.,fhla tu wkaùËfha wjfkf;a isg 4 cm wE;ska ;enQ jia;=jla ksrSËKh lrk
wjia:djla iïnkaOj my; m%ldYk i,lkak'

(A) ixhqla; wkaùËfha wjfkf;ys kdNsh ÿr 5 cm fõ'

(B) wjfk; uÕska muKla we;s lrk f¾Çh úYd,kh 3 ls'
(C) idudkH iSreudrefõ fhdod .;a úg wkaùËfha úYd,l n,h 18 ls'

by; m%ldY w;=rska i;H jkqfha"

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) A yd C muKs' (4) B yd C muKs' (5) A, B yd C ish,a,'

30. iqug ;sria fïihl we;s iqug odr iys; isÿrla ;=<ska ieye,a¨
wú;kH ;ka;=jla .uka lrk w;r tys tla fl<jrlg wxY=jla
.eg .id we;' tu wxY=j fïih u; wrh r jQ jD;a;hl .uka
lrkqfha ;ka;=jg oersh yels WmrSu wd;;sh hgf;a h' oeka
;ka;=fõ wfkla fl<jfrka weoSfuka wxY=fõ jD;a;dldr
m:fha wrh r/2 olajd wvq lrkq ,efí' m<uq wjia:dfõ oS
wxY=fõ pd,l Yla;sh E kï" ;ka;=jg WmrSu wd;;sh ,efnk
mrsos fojk wjia:dfõ oS tys pd,l Yla;sh jkqfha"

(1) E/4 (2) E/2 (3) E (4) 2E (5) 4E

31. ixjD; n÷kla ;=< c, jdIam muKla we;' th ;=< idfmaC I wd¾ø;djh H1 ls' oeka WIaK;ajh ksh;j ;nd
f.k tys mßudj 1 la olajd wvq lrhs' túg n÷k ;=< idfmaCI wd¾ø;djh H2 fõ' n÷k ;=< jdIamh È.gu
4
wika;Dma; fõ kï" H1 ys w.h iudk jkqfha"
H2
1 1 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4) 1 (5)
4 2 3 4
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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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32. wdf,dal lsrK iïnkaOj lrk ,o my; m%ldY i,ld n,kak'

(a) r;= wdf,dalh i|yd ùÿrej, wjê fldaKh ks,a wdf,dalh i|yd wjê fldaKhg jvd wvq h'
(b) ùÿre ;=,ska .uka lsÍfï oS r;= wdf,dalh i|yd ,efnk m%fõ.h ks,a wdf,dalhg jvd jeä h'
(c) ùÿre m%siauhla ;=,ska .uka lsÍfï oS r;= wdf,dalfha wju wm.uk fldaKh ks,a wdf,dalfha wju
wm.uk fldaKhg jvd jeä h'

by; m%ldY w;=ßka"

(1) a muKla i;H fõ (2) b muKla i;H fõ (3) c muKla i;H fõ
(4) a yd b muKla i;H fõ (5) a, b yd c ish,a,u i;H fõ'

33. jia;=jla mD:sú mDIaGh u; isg gR fõ.fhka isria j by<g m%fËmKh lrkq ,efí' mD:súfha wrh R yd
mD:sú mDIaGh u; .=re;ajc ;ajrKh g fõ' mD:sú mDIaGh u; isg jia;=j ,Õd jk Wmrsu Wi jkafka'
R 3R 5R
(1) R (2) (3) (4) 2 R (5)
2 2 2

34. jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh hgf;a yqud,h ksmojk fndhsf,arejl >klu 2 cm iy mDIaG j¾.M,h 500 cm-2 jQ f,day
m;=,la we;¡ f,dayfha ;dm ikakdhl;dj 400 W m-1 oC-1 fõ¡ m;=,g my;ska 20 kW ;dmk oÕrhla ;nd we;¡
fndhsf,arej fyd|ska ;dm mrsjrKh fldg we;s w;r mrsirhg ;dm ydks fkdfõ hehs Wml,amkh l< yel¡
c,fha jdIamSlrKfha úYsIag .=ma; ;dmh 2.3×106 J kg-1 fõ kï fndhsf,arej uÕska yqud,h ksmojk is>%;djfha
WmrSu w.h kg s-1 j,ska jkqfha"

(1) 3.07×10-1 (2) 8.7×10-3 (3) 4.2×10-2 (4) 8.7×10-4 (5) 2.3×10-3

35. fuu mrsm:fha 2V fldaIfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh Y=kH

jk w;r" G .e,ajfkdaógrh ;=<ska Odrdjla fkd.,hs' R R 2V
m%;sfrdaOfha w.h úh yelafla"
G
(1) 4.3  (2) 6.2  (3) 10.0  0.5 A 0.5 A
(4) 32.0  (5) 160.0 
40  30 

36. taldldr pqïnl fËa;%hla ;=< Bg wNs,ïNj jD;a;dldr fm;l p,s; jk wdfrdams; wxY=jla" Bhï l=Üáhla
;=,ska .uka lrhs' wxY=j l=Üáfhka msg;g meñkSfï oS tys pd,l Yla;sfhka
yrs wvla ydks ù we;akï" blaì;s p,s;fha oS wxY=j p,kh jk m:fha
wrh"

(1) uq,a m:fha wrhg iudk fõ'

(2) uq,a m:fha wrh fuka 2 .=Khls' r
(3) uq,a m:fha wrh fuka fo.=Khls'
1
(4) uq,a m:fha wrh fuka .=Khls'
2
(5) uq,a m:fha wrfhka wvls'

37. lDIaK jia;= úlsrKh yd iïnkaOj kq;k fN!;sl úoHdfõ meyeos<s lsrSï oelafjk my; m%ldY i,lkak'
(A) lDIaK jia;=jla wKql foda,lj,ska iukaù; jk w;r tajdfha Yla;sh úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx. f,i
wjfYdaIkh fyda úfudapkh flf¾'
(B) ksh; WIaK;ajhl mj;sk lDIaK jia;=jla uÕska flfrk úlsrK Yla;s wjfYdaIkh fyda úfudapkh
ix;;slj isÿ fõ'
(C) ish¨ úoHq;a pqïnl ;rx. lajdlaia j,ska iEoS we;'

by; m%ldY w;=rska ksjeros fkdjkafka ljr m%ldYh o / m%ldY o?

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) C muKs' (4) B yd C muKs' (5) A yd C muKs'

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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38. jdfka fnda,hl ialkaOh 0.005 kg fõ' th øjhla ;=< isriaj my<g 0.1 m s-1 wdka; m%fõ.fhka .uka lrhs'
øjh ;=< p,s; ùu ksid ;;amrhl ld,hla ;=< oS Yla;sh ydks ù hdu iudk jkqfha"

(1) 0.5 mJ (2) 1.0 mJ (3) 5.0 mJ (4) 10 mJ (5) 50 mJ

39. újD; mqvq wjia:dfõ fhdod we;s ldrld;aul +V

j¾Olhl m%;sodk ,dËKsl my; rEmfha
oelafõ' VO (V) V1 + S

VO
+ 20 V2 _
-
VS
- 50 V
- (V1 – V2) + 50 V + (V1 – V2)

- 20

ldrld;aul j¾Olfha újD; mqvq ,dNh (A) jkafka"

(1) 1106 (2) 1105 (3) 4105 (4) 2106 (5) 2105

40. fmkajd we;s úNjudk mßm:fha E welshqñf,agrfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh fkd

i,ld yeßh yels ;rï l=vd h' fuúg" Eo fldaIh i|yd ,efnk ix;=,k os. l
fõ' E yd fY%aKs.; j R m%;sfrdaOhla iïnkaO l< úg Eo fldaIh i|yd ,efnk
ix;=,k os. fo.=K fõ kï" úNjudk lïìfha m%;sfrdaOh jkqfha"
R
(1) (2) R (3) 2R
2
(4) 3R (5) 4R

41. fmkajd we;s ieliqu" riosh úÿre iuÕ idok iam¾Y fldaKh uekSug
Ndú;d lrhs' jl%;d wrh R jQ f.da,dldr ùÿre n,anfha wvx.= riosh"
olajd we;s wjia:dfõ oS" flakaøhg h Wilska yrshg u ;sria j mj;S'
riosh-úÿre iuÕ we;s lrk iam¾Y fldaKh jkafka"
h h h
(1) cos -1   (2) cos -1  +  R
R R
 h  h
(3) + sin -1   (4) - sin -1   riosh
2 R 2 R
 h
(5) + cos -1  
2 R

42' rEmfha olajd we;s ABCDEF lïì rduqj ;+<ska Bg ,ïNlj we;s pqïnl fËa;%h 2 T s-1 iS>%;djhlska jeä lrkq
,efí'
lïì rduqj idod we;af;a tall os.l m%;sfrdaOh 3  jQ tl u A 1.0 m B 0.5 m C
lïì fhdod .ksñka kï" BE fldgi ;+<ska fm%ars; Odrdj"

(1) 1/18 A jk w;r th" B isg E olajd fõ' 1.0 m

(2) 1/18 A jk w;r th" E isg B olajd fõ' 1.0 m
(3) 1/6 A jk w;r th" E isg B olajd fõ'
(4) 1/9 A jk w;r th" B isg E olajd fõ'
(5) fm%ars; Odrdj Y+kH fõ'
F 1.0 m E 0.5 m D
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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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43. 10 m os. yd 50 kg nr taldldr bksuÕla ;sria ìula u; ksi,j we;' ñksfila tla fl<jrla u; bksuÕg
,ïNlj n,hla fhoSfuka bksuÕ ;srig 30o wdk; msysgqul iu;=,; s ;djfha mj;ajd .kq ,nkafka wfkla
fl<jr wp,j mj;sk mrsos h' bksuÕ fuu msysgqug f.k taug ñksid l< hq;= ld¾hh jkqfha"

(1) 1081.3 J (2) 1250 J (3) 5000 J (4) 5766.7 J (5) 12.5 kJ

44. m%ldY úoHq;a fldaIhla ;=,ska .,k m%ldY Odrdj
(A) m;kh jk wdf,dalfha ;Sj%;djh wp,j
wka;rh o fjkia fõ'
(B) tal j¾K wdf,dalh i|yd ;Sj%;dj fjkia
(C) tal j¾K wdf,dalh i|yd m%ldY Odrdj
fjkia fkdfõ'
iïnkaOj my; oelafjk m%ldYk i,lkak'
;nd j¾Kh fjkia lrk úg m%ldY Odrdj Y=kH jk úNj
l< o" m%ldY Odrdj Y=kH jk úNjh ksh;j mj;s'
Y=kH jk úNj wka;rh lef;davh ;kd we;s f,dayh wkqj

ñka ksjeros jkafka"

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) A yd C muKs'
(4) A yd B muKs' (5) A, B yd C ish,a,'

45' oS we;s ;d¾lsl mrsm:fha m%odk A yd B jk w;r m%;sodkh A

Q fõ' my; i|yka m%ldY i,ld n,kak'
(a) AND oajdrfha m%;sodkh ‘0’ jQ iEu úgl u Q = 1 fõ' Q
(b) A = 1 iy B = 1 jQ úg Q = 1 fõ'
(c) A = 0 iy B = 0 jQ úg Q = 1 fõ'
B
ñka i;H jkafka"
(1) a muKs' (2) b muKs' (3) c muKs' (4) a yd b muKs' (5) b yd c muKs'

46. n,anhl oSma;sh md,kh lr .ekSug ikaê

12 V, 1 W
fËa;% wdprK g%dkaisiagrhla (JFET) fhdod
.;a wjia:djla mßm:fha ksrEmKh flf¾' P
fï ms<n
s |j my; lreKq i,ld n,kak' D
6V
(A) R iam¾Yl h;=r P ys we;s úg" n,anfha G
oSma;sh WmÍu fõ' 12 V
(B) n,anfha oSm;a sh WmÍu jk wjia:dfõ R
oajdrh (G) yryd Odrdjla fkd.,hs' S
(C) G ys úNjh 0 V jk úg" ID Odrdj Q
WmÍu fõ'

ñka i;H jkqfha"

(1) A muKs' (2) B muKs' (3) C muKs' (4) B yd C muKs' (5) A, B yd C ish,a,u'

47. fkdokakd R m%;sfrdaOhl w.h fiùu i|yd ilia lrk ,o úoHq;a

mrSËK ieleiaula rEmfha olajd we;' fjda,aÜógr mdGdxlh V o" tys
V
V R
wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh RV o" weógrfha mdVdxlh I o fõ' uÕska
I
R  w.hla ksrEmKh fõ' R, R  yd RV w;r iïnkaOh ksjeros j
ksrEmkh flfrk m%ldYkh jkafka"
A
(1) R  R   RV (2) R  R   RV
E Ro
1 1 1 1 1 1 R
(3)   (4)   (5) R 
R R RV  R R RV  RV

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
10 | P a g e

48. by; m%;sfrdaO-Odß;%l mßm:hg

olajd we;s wdldrfha fjda,aàh;d
ix{djla m%odkh lrk ,oS' my; +V
l=uk m%ia;drh uÕska m%;sodk C R V0
fjda,aàh;dj V0 ld,h t iuÕ 0
úp,kh ksjeros j olajhs o@
V0 V0 V0

0 t 0 t 0 t

(1) (2) (3)

V0 V0

0 t 0 t

(4) (5)
49. fmkajd we;s mßm:fha E fldaIhg iy A weógrhg fkd.s‚h yels
wNHka;r m%;sfrdaO we;' wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh 2000  jQ fjda,aÜógrhla XY
yryd iïnkaO l< úg

(1) XY yryd úNj wka;rh my; jefgk w;r weógrfha mdGdxlh wvq fõ'
(2) PQ yryd úNj wka;rh jeä jk w;r weógrfha mdGdxlh wvq fõ'
(3) XY iy PQ yryd úNj wka;rhka fkdfjkia j mj;S'
(4) PQ yryd úNj wka;rh iy weógrfha mdGdxlh hk fol u jeä fõ'
(5) PQ yryd úNj wka;rh fkdfjkia j mj;sk w;r weógrfha mdGdxlh jeä fõ'

50. úlsrKYS, uQ,øjHhl ;;amrhlg CIh jk kHIaá ixLHdj tys il%Sh;dj R f,i ye|skafõ' oS we;s ld,hla ;=<
oS" CIh jQ úlsrKYS, uQ,øjHfha kHIaá ixLHdj N bosßfha il%Sh;dj R m%ia;dr.; l< úg ,efnk ksjeros
m%ia;drh jkqfha"
R R R

0 0 N 0 0 N 0 0 N

(1) (2) (3)

R R

0 0 N 0 0 N

(4) (5)

********
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
 wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< úNd.h - 2019
fN!;sl úoHdj II
A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof.
Advanced Level Prepared by Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga
University of Peradeniya
PHYSICS- 2019
Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -
Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -

ld,h meh 3 ls

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

 m%Yak y;rg u ms<s;=re imhkak'
(g = 10 N kg-1)

01. AB óg¾ fldaÿjla O ys ;enQ msys odrhla u; ;sriaj ix;=,kh fldg we;s wjia:djla my; rEmfha
olajd we;' túg O ys oS óg¾ fldaÿfõ lshùu 52 cm fõ'
52 cm
0 cm 100 cm
A B
O

(a) (i) óg¾ fldaÿj u; l%shd lrk n, by; rEmfhys ,l=Kq lrkak'
(ii) ñg¾ fldaÿfõ iajNdjh .ek Tng l=ula lsj yels o@

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) msys odrh tu iA:dkfha u ;nd f.k C ,ËHfhka ialkaOh M jk mähla o" D ,ËHfhka
ialkaOh W jk .,a lene,a,la o t,aÆ úg moaO;sh olaIsKdj¾;j N%uKh fjhs'

l1 l2
A C D B
O

msys odrh tu iA:dkfha u ;nd f.k fldaÿj ;sria j ix;=,kh lsÍug .,a lene,a, t,ajd we;s
iA:dkh úia:dmkh l< hq;af;a l=uk osYdjlg o@ Tfí ms<s;=r meyeos<s lrkak'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(c) by; wjia:dj ,nd .ekSu i|yd .,a lene,a, t,aúh hq;= ,ËHh D’ kï túg OC = l1 yd
OD’ = l2 fõ. fï f,i mäh t,ajd we;s ia:dkh fjkia lrñka" fldaÿj ix;=,kh fldg l1 yd
l2 i|yd ,nd.;a mdGdxl lSmhla my; j.=fõ oelafõ' l1 iajdh;a; úp,H f,i i,ld W
.Kkh lsrSug wjYH jdoh f.dvk.d wod, m%ia;drh woskak'
---------------------------------------------------------------
l1 (cm) 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------
l2 (cm) 16.0 24.0 32.0 40.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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(e) M = 100 g f,i f.k m%ia;drh fhdod .ksñka .,a lene,af,a ialkaOh W .Kkh lrkak'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(f) msys odrh" by; i|yka fldaÿfõ uOH ,ËHfha ;nd .ksñka l1 yd l2 i|yd mdGdxl lsysmhla
YsIHfhla ,nd .kS' túg fldaÿfõ iu;=,s;;djh i|yd >Q¾K iólrKh ,shkak' Tn Ndú;d
lrk wu;r rdYska wef;d;a y÷kajkak'
l1 l2
A B
O

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(g) by; (f) fldgfia mdGdxl j,g wkqrEm jk m%ia;drfha o< yevh oS we;s wË u; we|
olajkak'

(h) m%ia;drh weiqfrka fldaÿfõ ialkaOh ,nd .kafka flfia o@

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) mÍËKh i|yd Ndú;d lrk ;=,d mäfha ialkaOh" .f,a ialkaOhg wdikak f,i iudk jQ
úg ie,fik jdis folla ioyka lrkak'

(1) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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02. jd;fha èjks m%fõ.h fiúug woyia l< isiqfjla ta i|yd my; rEmh 1 ys olajd we;s WmlrK
lÜg,h Ndú;d lsrSug ;SrKh lrhs' fuys oS" lrduhla iys; isria k<hlg c,h mqrjd thg
wdikakj ix× cklhlg iïnkaO l< iamSlrhla ;nd we;s w;r k<fha újD; fl<jrg wdikakj
ixfõoS uhsl%f*dakhla ;nd we;' uhsl%f*dakhg iïnkaO lef;dav lsrK foda,fkaËhla Ndú;fhka
k<h ;=< we;s jk ;rx.hg wkqrEm ;rx. rgdjla ksÍËKh lrkq ,efí'

uhsl%f*dakh
iamSlrh

ix× cklhlh lef;dav lsrK

(Signal Generator) foda,fkaËh (CRO)
c,h
mrsudKh

rEmh 1
T

(a) tla wjia:djl oS lef;dav lsrK

foda,fkaËfha ;srh u; we;s jQ ;rx.
rgdjla rEmh 2 ys oelafõ' fuúg
foda,fkaËfha ld,-mßudK md,lh rEmh 2
0.2 ms cm-1 f,i ilid we;s nj
i,lkak'

(i) Ndú;d l< èjks ;rx.fha ld,dj¾;h fldmuK o?

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(ii) by; a (i) ys ms<s;=r Ndú;fha èjks m%Njfha ixLHd;h ( f ) .Kkh lrkak'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(b) èjks m%Njfha ixLHd;h f ksh; w.hl mj;ajd .ksñka" T lrduh újD; fldg k<h ;=< jQ
c,h fiñka bj;aùug ie,eiaiQ úg" uq,ska u ;Sj% Yíohla wefik úg" k<fha ysia jQ os. l1 fõ'
k<h ;=< jQ c,h ;jÿrg;a bj;aùug ie,eiaùfï oS" kej; jrla ;Sj% Yíohla wefikafka
k<fha ysiajQ os. l2 úg h'

(i) k<fha wdka; fYdaOkh e kï" m<uq jrg ;Sj% Yíohla wefik wjia:dj i,ld èjks
;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh  i|yd m%ldYkhla l1 yd e weiqßka ,shd olajkak'
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) fojeks jrg ;Sj% Yíohla wefik wjia:dj i,ld èjks ;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh  i|yd
m%ldYkhla l2 yd e weiqßka ,shd olajkak'
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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
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(c) by; (b) (i) ys i|yka l1 ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ndckfha c, uÜgu wvq lsÍfï oS ysia fldgfia os.
( l ) iuÕ lef;dav lsrK foda,fkaËfha ;srh u; we;s jQ ;rx.fha úia;drh (A) ksÍËKh
lrKq ,efí'
úia;drh (A)
(i) l1 jgd l iuÕ A ys úp,kh my;
rEmfha olajkak'

(ii) by; (b) (ii) ys i|yka l2 jgd l

iuÕ A ys úp,kh o tu rEmfha
u olajkak'

l1 l3 l
(d) (b) (i) yd (ii) ys oS ,shd olajk ,o m%ldYk Ndú;fhka jd;h ;=< èjks fõ.h v i|yd
m%ldYkhla l1, l2 yd f weiqrska ,nd .kak'

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(e) jd;h ;=< èjks fõ.h fiùu i|yd mdie,a mrsËKd.drfha Ndú;d jk idudkH l%uhg jvd
fuu l%ufha we;s jdis folla ,shkak'
(1) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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(f) ix× cklhlfha ixLHd;h f = 500 Hz f,i fhdod we;s úfgl" l1 yd l2 i|yd ,enqkq os.j,a
ms<sfj,ska 16.5 cm yd 50.5 cm fõ kï" jd;h ;=< èjks fõ.h v yd k<fha wdka; fYdaOkh e
.Kkh lrkak'
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(g) Ndú;d l< lrduh iys; isria k<fha c,h /|úh yels WmrSu Wi 80 cm fõ' èjks m%Njfha
ixLHd;h f = 500 Hz f,i fhdod.;a úg" B<Õ wkqkdo wjia:dj ,nd .; yels fõ o? Tnf.a
ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

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A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
5|Page

03. WIaK;ajh iuÕ lïìhl m%;sfrdaOh úp,kh jk whqre mÍËd lsÍu i|yd my; oelafjk óg¾ fia;=
mßm:h Ndú;d lrk ,os' R hkq m%;sfrdaO fmÜáhla jk w;r E hkq welshqñf,agrhls. G hkq ueo
ìxÿ .e,ajfkdaógrhls.

G
l

m%;sfrdaOh fiúh hq;= lïì oÕrh mrSËK k<hla jgd T;d rEmfha oelafjk mßos .a,sißka ødjkhla
wvx.= Ndckhl nyd mßm:hg iïnkaO lr we;' odylhla uÕska r;a lsrSu uÕska WIaK;ajh fjkia
flf¾.

(a) fuys oS .a,sißka fjkqjg c,h fhdod fkd.;af;a wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'

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(b) (i) mÍËKh i|yd R m%;sfrdaO fmÜáfha fhdod .; hq;= w.h f;dard .kafka flfia oehs
myod fokak'

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(ii) fufia R f;dard .ekSug fya;= olajkak'

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(c) hï  C WIaK;ajhl oS ógr fia;=fõ ix;=,k os. l kï, oÕrfha m%;sfrdaOh R i|yd
m%ldYkhla l yd R weiqrska ,nd .kak.

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(d) by; (b) oS oela jQ f,iska f;dard.;a R ys w.h 10  úh' wdrïNfha .a,siÍka 110 0C g muK
r;a lr l%ufhka isis,a ùug bv yer WIaK;aj mdGdxl wgla i|yd ógr fia;=fõ ix;=,k
os.j,a uek.kakd ,oS' tuÕska tla tla WIaK;ajfha oS R w.h .Kkh lrk ,oS.  bosßfha R
m%ia;drh we|Su i|yd ,nd.;a mdGdxl isiqfjl= úiska my; f,i i,l=Kq lr we;.

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
6|Page

R ()

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0  (C)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

 yd R wË w;r i,l=Kq l< LKavdxl yryd hk m%ia;drh we| tys wKql%uKh .Kkh
lrkak.

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(e) lïìh idod we;s øjHfha m%;sfrdaOfha WIaK;aj ix.=Klh  my; oelafjk mßos w¾: oelafõ.
Rθ  R0 

R0  
(i) fuys R yd R0 hk mo y÷kajkak'

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(ii) by; (d) ys m%ia;drh Ndú;d lr  i|yd w.hla ,nd .kak'

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(f) fuu lïì oÕrh WIaK;ajudkhla f,i Ndú;d l< yels h. tys oS ie,fik jdis folla
i|yka lrkak'

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(g) fuys oS .a,siÍka ;dmlhla fhdod fkdf.k oÕrh mßm:fha .,dhk Odrdfjka r;a lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí' tfia fkdlsÍug fya;= folla fokak'

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A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
7|Page

04. f,day foll hxudmxl w.hka ixikaokh lsrSu i|yd tu f,day j,ska ;ekQ A yd B kï taldldr
i¾j iu udk iys; lïì folla fhdod .kS. lïì tl tll tla fl<jrlska ksoyia j t,a,d wksla
fl<jrg fjkia Ndr iïnkaO lr, we;s jk ú;;shka fjk fjk u uek .kakd ,oS'

(a) øjHhl hxudmdxlh w¾: olajkak'

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(b) mrsËKd;aul j ,nd .;a ú;;sh mdGdxl (e), wkqrEm Ndrhka (W) bosßfha m%ia;dr .; l< úg
A yd B lïì i|yd ,efnk m%ia;dr my; rEmfha oelafõ'

(i) by; m%ia;drh Ndú;d lr A yd B lïì e (m)

idod we;s f,dayj, hxudmdxlh fiùug
B
wjYH jk wu;r o;a; fol ( p yd q hehs
is;uq) fudkjd o@

----------------------------------------------------- A
-----------------------------------------------------

(ii) m%dfhda.sl j by; o;a;hka ,nd .kafka flfia o@ W (N)

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(iii) by; o;a; fol ( p yd q) yd w|skq ,enQ m%ia;dr Ndú;fhka A fyda B lïìfha hxudmdxlh
(Y) .Kkh lrk whqre myod fokak'
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(c) (i) by; m%ia;dr wkqj A yd B lïì idod we;s f,day foflka l=uk f,dayh jvd Yla;su;a
fõ o@ meyeos<s lrkak'
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(ii) A yd B lïì fol tlsfklg iudka;rj ilid tl u ,ËHl .eg.id ixhqla;
lïìhla f,i fhdod .ksñka mÍlaIKh kej; l<fyd;a ,efnk m%ia;drfha o< igykla
by; m%ia;dr wlaI ;=< u w|skak' tu m%ia;drh C f,i kï lrkak' tys yevh meyeos<s
lrkak'
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(iii) x wËhg iudka;rj w|sk ,o f¾Ldjlska B yd A m%ia;dr lefmk ,ËHj, x LKavdxl

ms<sfj,ska W1 yd W2 fõ kï (e) ys oS Tn w|sk ,o m%ia;drh tu f¾Ldfjka
lefmk ,ËHfha x-LKavdxlh (W), W1 yd W2 weiqrska ,shd olajkak.

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(d) by; oS w|sk ,o ´kE u m%ia;drhla yd ú;;sh (e) wËh w;r fËa;%M,fhka ,nd .; yels
jeo.;a f;dr;=r l=ula o@

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A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
8|Page

B fldgi - rpkd
 m%Yak y;rlg muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'
(g = 10 N kg-1)

05. (a) fldaKsl .uH;djh w¾: olajkak' tys udkh yd tllh ,nd .kak'
(b) WoHdkhl we;s N%uK fõosldjl wrh R o" tys wËh jgd wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh I o fõ' wdrïNfha os"
N%uK fõosldj
ksYap,;djfha mj;sk w;r"
my; rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos
ialkaOh m jQ <ufhla
fõosldfõ mrsêhg iam¾Yl
osYdjla Tiafia v fõ.fhka
ÿjf.k ú;a thg f.dv fõ'

(i) fujeks wjia:djl" <uhd fõosldjg ke." thg idfmaËj ËKslj ksYap, jQj;a <uhd
iys; fõosldj N%uKh jkafka wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'
(ii) N%uK fõosldjg tys wËh jgd >¾IKhlska f;drj N%uKh úh yels kï" túg <uhd
iys; fõosldj p,s;h wrUk fldaKsl m%fõ.h i|yd m%ldYkhla v, m, I yd R weiqfrka
,nd .kak'
(iii) by; m%ldYkh ,nd .ekSfï oS fhdod .;a fN!;sl úoHd uQ,O¾uh ,shd olajkak'

(c) by; i|yka N%uK fõosldfõ ialkaOh 20 kg jk w;r" wrh 2 m fõ' ;j o" fõosldj N%uKh
jk úg" tys wCIh jgd úYd,;ajh 10 N m jk ksh; >¾IK jHdj¾;hla l%shd;aul jk nj;a
i,lkak' wdrïNfha N%uK fõosldj ksYap,j mj;sk wjia:djl" ialkaOh 30 kg jk <ufhla
fõosldfõ mßêhg iam¾YSh j fhdokq ,nk 60 N n,hla u.ska 30 s ld,hla ;=, th N%uKh
lr" ndysr n,hla we;s fkdjk mßos yd ld, mudjlska f;drj" mßêh u;g ke. fõosldjg
idfmaCIj ksYap, fõ ( = 3 f,i i,lkak)'
(i) N%uK wCIh jgd fõosldfõ wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh fidhkak'
(ii) <uhd ke.Sug fmr fõosldfõ fldaKsl ;ajrKh fldmuK o?
(iii) ld,h 30 s wjidkfha fõosldfõ fldaKsl m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
(iv) by; ld¾hh i|yd <uhd jeh l< uq¿ Yla;sh fldmuK o?
(v) <uhd fõosldjg ke.a. miq tys fldaKsl m%fõ.h jeä fõ o" wvq fõ o hkak olajkak'
kj fldaKsl m%fõ.h .Kkh lrkak'
(vi) <uhd iys; fõosldj ksYap, ùug .; jk ld,h fidhkak'
(v) <uhd fõosldjg f.dvjosk fudfydf;a isg th ksYap, jk wjia:dj jk úg fõosldj
N%uKh ù we;s jg .Kk fidhkak'

06. tlsfklg iam¾Yj mj;sk ;=kS ldp follg ;=,H ;ks ldphla mej;sh;a ldp folla tlsfkl w;r
mr;rhla iys; j mj;sk wjia:djlg ;=,H ;ks ;=kS ldphla fkdmj;S' we;a; jYfhka fujeks
wjia:djl oS ixhqla;h ;=,H jkqfha >klu ldphlg jk w;r th yd iïnkaO isoaOdka; ixlS¾K
fõ' flfia kuq;a" tla úfYaI wjia:djla f,i wkka;fha we;s jia;=jla uÕska tjeks ixhqla;hlska
idok m%;sìïnhla ;=kS ldphlska m%;sìïn we;s lsrSug ;=,H jk nj fmkajd osh yelsh' my; 1 jeks
rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos ;=kS ldphla u; m;kh jk lsrKhl j¾;kh uÕska m%;sìïnhla idok
wjia:dj i,lkak'
A


h
 
O P I
u v
rEmh 1
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
9|Page

m;k lsrKh OA ldph u; m%Odk wËhg h Wil oS ldph u; m;kh fõ' fuys oS" jia;= ÿr PO yd
m%;sìïn ÿr PI yd iei|Sfï oS h l=vd Wila f,i ie,lsh yels h' tneúka" rEmfha olajd we;s  yd 
fldaK" b;d l=vd fldaK f,i ie,lsh yels h ( fuys oS l=vd fldaK i|yd tan    yd tan   
f,i fhdod .; yels nj i,lkak)' oeka ldp folla (L1 yd L2) tlsfklg d mr;rhlska ;nd we;s
wdldrh oelafjk 2 rEmh i,lkak'
L1 L2
A E B
 1

2
h1 C
 h2
P P1 P2 D
;=,H ;ks ldph
msysgqjk ia:dkh d
f1 - W;a;, ldpfha kdNsh ÿr
f2 - wj;, ldpfha kdNsh ÿr
rEmh 2

fuys oS" m;k lsrKh AB jk w;r" ks¾.; lsrKh CD fõ' AB m;k lsrKh yd msgqmig os.= l<
CD ks¾.; lsrKh E ys oS yuqfõ' E isg m%Odk wËhg we|s wNs,ïnh P ys oS m%Odk wËh yuq fõ'
fuu L1 yd L2 ldp ixhqla;hg ;=,H ;ks ldph msysgúh hq;af;a P f,i olajd we;s ia:dkfha h' fuys
oS" m%Odk wËhg iudka;rj P ys ;enQ ;=,H ;ks ldphg m;kh jk AE lsrKhla ECD Tiafia .uka
lrKqfha hehs ie,lsh yels h' fï wkqj" ixhqla;hg ;=,H ;ks ldpfha kdNsh ÿr F = PD jk w;r"
m%Odk wËhg iudka;rj ;=,H ;ks ldphg m;kh jk lsrKhl wm.uK fldaKh  fõ'
h
(a) by; 1 rEmfha m;k lsrKfha wm.ukh   f,i ,efnk nj fmkajkak'
f
(b) (i) by; 2 rEmfha olajd we;s mrsos ;=,H ;ks ldph fya;=fjka m%Odk wËhg iudka;r
lsrKhl we;s jk wm.uK fldaKh  i|yd m%ldYkhla 1 yd 2 weiqfrka ,nd .kak'
h h h
(ii) by; (a) fldgfia oS yd b(i) fldgfia oS ,nd.;a m%;sM,hka Ndú;fhka" 1  1  2 jk
f f1 f 2
nj fmkajkak'
dh
(iii) h2  h1  1 jk nj fmkajkak'
f1

(iv) by; b(ii) yd b(iii) ys ,nd.;a m%;sM,hka Ndú;fhka" ldp ixhqla;hg ;=,H ;ks ldpfha
kdNsh ÿr my; m%ldYkh uÕska oelaúh yels nj fmkajkak'
1 1 1 d
  
f f 1 f 2 f1 f 2
(v) my; tla tla wjia:dfõ oS ldp ixhqla;h i|yd ,nd .; yels WmrSu yd wju kdNsh
ÿrj,a .Kkh lrkak'
(1) f1 = 10 cm, f2 = 15 cm yd d = 0 úg"
(2) f1 = 10 cm, f2 = 15 cm yd d = 5 cm úg"

(c) wj;, ldpj, úúO Ndú; mj;S' bka tl wjia:djla jkqfha leurdj, iQu ldp i|yd fhdod
.ekSu fõ' iQu ldphla W;a;, yd wj;, ldphlska iukaù; fõ' by; b(v) fldgfia oS ,o
m%;sM,hkg wkqj" kdNsh ÿrj,a ms<sfj,ska 10 cm yd 15 cm jQ W;a;, yd wj;, ldp folla iQu
ldphla f,i fhdod .; yels nj ;yjqre lsrSu i|yd fya;= olajkak'

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
10 | P a g e

07. (a) ÿiai%dù ;r,hla ;=< p,s;jk f.da,Sh jia;=jla u; we;sjk ÿiai%dù n,h F  6av uÕska
oelafõ' fuys ish¿ ixfla; i|yd iqmqreÿ f;areï we;'
(i) ÿiai%dù;djh ms<sn| iafgdalaf.a kshuh ,shd olajkak'
(ii) ÿiai%dù;d ix.=Klh  ys udkh yd tallh ,nd .kak' m 1

(b) tl tflys wrh a jQ tfy;a m1 iy m2 fjkia ialkaO (m1 > m2) iys;
f.da, folla ÿiai%dú;dj  jQ øjhla ;=< tl u isria f¾Ldjl wdka; m%fõ. x
j,ska my<g p,s; fõ' rEmfha fmkajd we;s mrsos oS we;s fufyd;l §"
(t = 0 oS) f.da, fol w;r mr;rh x fõ' m2
m1  m2 
(i) f.da, fol w;r mr;rh ;;amrhlg g YS>%;djlska
6a
wvqfjñka mj;sk nj fmkajkak'
(ii) i,lk ,o fudfydf;a isg ljr ld,hl oS tajd tlsfkl yd .eàu isÿ fõ o?

(c) .eUqre Ndckhla >k;ajh  jQ c,fhka msrS we;' Ndckfha m;=f,a isg wrh a jQ o" >k;ajh 
jQ o ( < ) jQo l=vd f.da,hla ksYap,;djfha isg uqod yrskq ,efí' Ndckfha m;=, c, mDIagfha
isg d .eUqrlska msysgd we;' uqod yerSfuka hï ld,hlg miqj f.da,h wdka; m%fõ.hg meñfka'
2a 2
(i) f.da,fha wdka; m%fõ.h v     g uÕska ,efnk nj fmkajkak'
9
(ii) jd;fha >¾IKh yd f.da,h øj mDIaGh yryd .uka lrk úg isÿ jk Yla;s ydksh
fkd.sKsh yels ;rï hehs i,ld f.da,fha fõ.h l=uK Wil oS kej; Y=kH fõ oehs
fidhkak'
(iii) fujeks wjia:djl wdrïNl uqod yerSfï ,ËHh lrd f.da,h kej; lsis úfgl;a ,Õd
fkdjk nj fmkajd fokak'
(iv) Ndckh m;=f,a isg ukskq ,nk Wi ld,h wkqj fjkia jk wdldrh oelaùug m%ia;drhla
w|skak'

08. my; oelafjk fþoh lshjd wid we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

wxY= ;ajrlhla hkq wdfrdams; wxY=j, pd,l Yla;sh jeä lr .ekSug fhdod .kakd Wml%uhls'
wxY=j, m:fha yevh wkqj tajd f¾Çh ;ajrl fyda pl%Sh ;ajrl f,i j¾.SlrKh lrkq ,efí' f¾Çh
wxY= ;ajrlhl m:h wdikak jYfhka f¾Çh jk w;r pl%Sh wxY= ;ajrlhl wxY=j, m:h jD;a;dldr
fyda j,hdldr fõ'
wdfrdams; wxY=jlg úYd, Yla;shla ,nd oSug tajd b;d by< úNj wka;r yryd ;ajrKh l< hq;= h'
flfia kuq;a úoHq;a mßjrKh yd iïnkaOfhka we;s jk wmyiq;d fya;=fjka fjda,aÜ ñ,shk 10 l
muK úNj wka;rhla yryd wdfrdams; wxY= ;ajrKh lsÍfï oS .eg¿ we;s fõ' tneúka tjeks úYd,
Yla;shla ,nd .ekSug wxY= ;ajrKh lsÍu" ;ks mshjrlska isÿ lsÍu fjkqjg" th mshjr rdYshlska isÿ
lrkq ,efí' fï i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk hka;% ;=< ;ajrKh i|yd fhdod.;a tla tla fldgia w;r;a
hka;%h yd mD:súh w;r;a úNj wka;rh" wxY= wjidkfha ,nd .kakd Yla;h s g wkqrEm iM, úNj
wka;rhg idfmaËj l=vd w.hl mj;ajd .; yels fõ' f¾Çh ;ajrlh (Linear accelerator) hkq by;
l%uh fhdod .kakd tla hka;%hls' my; rEmfha oelafjkafka tjeks f¾Çh ;ajrlhl wdlD;shls' fuu
jHqyfha 1, 2, 3, 4, .. wdoS jYfhka tal wdËsl l=yr is,skavr fY%aKshla we;s w;r tajd rsla;l ùÿre
l=àrhla ;=< f¾Çhj ilid we;'
fjda,aàh;d
foda,lhl

1 2 3 4

A/L Physics - 2019 whk m%Njh Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
11 | P a g e

is,skavr tlla yer tlla tlsfklg iïnkaO lr T;af;a w.hkaj,ska oelafjk is,skavr WÉj
ixLHd; fjda,aàh;d foda,lhl tla w.%hlg;a brÜfÜ w.hkaj,ska oelafjk is,skavr fjda,aàh;d
foda,lfha wfkla w.%hg;a iïnkaO lr we;' w¾O pl%hl oS 1, 3 jeks is,skavr Ok (+)
fjda,aàh;djhl we;s úg" 2, 4 jeks is,skavr RK (-) fjda,aàh;djhl we;' w¾O pl%hl oS
is,skavrj, fjda,aàh;djhka ys O%eùh;djh fjkia fõ' tkï 1 yd 3 jeks is,skavr RK jk w;r" 2
yd 4 jeks is,skavr Ok fõ' is,skavr folla w;r mr;rfha oS muKla wdfrdams; wxY= ;ajrKh fõ'
thg fya;=j is,skavr folla w;r mr;rfha we;s jk úoHq;a fËa;%hhs' is,skavr ;=< jQ úoHq;a
fËa;%fhka f;dr m%foaYfha oS tajd ksh; m%fõ.j,ska p,s; fõ' tlsfklg hdno is,skavr folla w;r
WmÍu úNj wka;rh V o" wdfrdams; wxY=jl ialkaOh m o" wdfrdamKh q hehs o i,lkak'

(a) whk m%Njfha isg wxl 1 ka olajd we;s m<uq is,skavrh fj;g V úNj wka;rhla hgf;a
;ajrKh ù we;=¿ jk wdfrdams; wxY=jl m%fõ.h v1 i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(b) by; wdfrdams; wxY=j wxl 2 ka olajd we;s is,skavrhg we;=¿ jk m%fõ.h v2 i|yd m%ldYkhla
,shkak'
(c) f¾Çh ;ajrlh is,skavr n ixLHdjlska iukaù; fõ kï" n jk wjika is,skavrh ;=<ska bj;g
p,s; jk wdfrdams; wxY=jl m%fõ.h vn i|yd m%ldYkhla ,shkak'
(d) f¾Çh ;ajrlhl ol=Kq osYdjg h;a u is,skavrj, os. l%ufhka jeä úh hq;= jkafka wehs oehs
meyeos<s lrkak'
(e) is,skavrhla ;=<ska wxY=jla p,s; jk ld,h fjda,aàh;d foda,lfha foda,k ld,dj¾;fhka wvla
úh hq;af;a wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'
(f) wdfrdams; wxY= ;ajrKh lsÍug 50 kV m%;Hdj¾; fjda,aàh;djhla fhdod .kakd úg;a tys
ixLHd;h 10 MHz jk úg;a whk m%Njh wi,ska ksIap,;djfhka p,s;h wrUk fm%dafgdakhla
m<uq is,skavrhg w;=¿ jk m%fõ.h fidhkak' fm%dafgdakhl ialkaOh 1.6710-27 kg o"
wdfrdamKh 1.610-19 C o fõ'
(g) m<uq is,skavrfha isg fojeks is,skavrhg ;ajrKh ùug fm%dafgdak ksjeros fõ,djg fojeks
is,skavrhg we;=¿ ùu i|yd m<uq k<fha os. fldmuK úh hq;= o?
(h) 800 MeV Yla;shla iys; fm%dafgdak loïnhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd ie,iqï l< f¾Çh ;ajrlhl
;ajrK is,skavr 2000 la fhdod .kS' fï i|yd" is,skavr folla w;r fhdod .; hq;= uOHkH
úNj wka;rh fldmuK o?

09 (A) fldgig fyda (B) fldgig fyda muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

(A) (a) úoHq;a >dul n, E1 yd E2 jQ o" wNHka;r m%;sfrdaO r1 yd r2 jQ o úoHq;a fldaI folla R ndysr
m%;sfrdaOhlg iïnkaO lr we;s wdldrh my; rEmfha (a) fldgfia olajd we;'
E1, r1
(i). by; fldaI moaO;sh uÕska R ndysr
m%;sfrdaOh yryd we;s lrkq ,nk úNj
E, r
neiau V kï" fldaI moaO;sh uÕska ,nd E2, r2
fok uq¿ Odrdj"
E E  1 1
I   1  2   V    nj I
R
I
 r1 r2   r1 r2  R
fmkajkak' (a) V (b) V

(ii) by; úoHq;a fldaI folg ;=,H ;ks fldaIh by; rEmfha (b) fldgfia olajd we;' ;=,H
fldaIfha úoHq;a >dul n,h yd wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh ms<sfj,ska E yd r fõ kï"
E E1 E2 1 1 1
  yd   nj fmkajkak'
r r1 r2 r r1 r2
(iii) tkhska fyda fjk;a whqrlska ;=,H ;ks fldaIfha úoHq;a >dul n,h E yd wNHka;r
m%;sfrdaOh r i|yd m%ldYk folla E1, r1 yd E2, r2 weiqßka ,nd .kak'

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12 | P a g e

(b) rEmfha olajd we;s mßm:fha R hkq WIaK;ajhg ixfõoS m%;sfrdaOhls' úoHq;a fldaIj, wNHka;r
m%;sfrdaO fkdie,lsh yels ;rï fõ' R2 hkq m%;sfrdaOh 4  jQ úoHq;a Wmdx.hls'
2V
(i) ldur WIaK;ajh jk 30 C a R2 = 4  b
oS R2 yryd Odrdjla fkd.,k
úg" R ys w.h .Kkh z
lrkak' R1 = 4 
(ii) R Wmdx.h W÷kl WIaK;ajh
uekSug Ndú;d l< yels h' a b
W÷k wNHka;rfha iïnkaO
lrkq ,nk R ys WIaK;ajh
wkqj" R2 yryd .,k úoHq;a
Odrdj fjkia fõ' R2 yryd R
.,d hk úoHq;a Odrdj I 6V
i|yd m%ldYkhla R weiqfrka
,nd .kak'
(iii) I = 0.15 A úg R ys w.h .Kkh lrkak'
(iv) by; Odrdj .,d hk wjia:dfõ oS W÷k ;=< WIaK;ajh 100 oC fõ' WIaK;ajh iuÕ R ys
w.h f¾Çhj fjkia jkafka hehs Wml,amkh lrñka R idod we;s øjHfha m%;sfrdaOfha
WIaK;aj ix.=Klh .Kkh lrkak'
(v) ikakdhl" w¾O ikakdhl yd iqmsß ikakdhl hk øjH w;rska R idod we;s øjH ljrla
fõ oehs fya;= iys; j olajkak'
(vi) WIaK;ajh ( C) iuÕ R ys m%;sfrdaOfha úp,kh rEm igykl olajkak'
(vii) by; (ii) fldgfia ,nd .;a m%ldYkh Ndú;fhka WIaK;ajh by< hdfï oS R2 yryd .,k
úoHq;a Odrdj jeä jk nj fmkajkak'
(viii) R2 yryd .e,sh yels WmÍu úoHq;a Odrdj 0.15 A f,i iSud l< hq;= fõ' R2 yryd úYd,
Odrd .e,Sfuka th wdrËd lr .ekSu i|yd rEmfha olajd we;s z kï Wmdx.h R2 yd
iudka;r.;j iïnkaO flf¾' z Wmdx.hg tys fofl<jr w;r 0.6 Vksh; úNj neiaula
mj;ajd .; yels h' tuÕska R2 yryd .,d hk Odrdj 0.15 A w.hlg iSud flfrk w;r
jeäuk;a Odrdjka z yryd .,d hdug ie,eiaùu uÕska R2 wdrËd flf¾' z yryd .,d hk
Odrdj uekSfuka R ys w.h;a tuÕska W÷fka WIaK;ajh;a ,nd .; yels h' z yryd Odrdj
0.05 A úg R ys w.h ksudKh lrkak'
(ix) by; oelajQ l%shdldrs;ajh iys; z f,i olajd we;s bf,lafg%dksl Wmdx.h l=ula o?

(B) (a) ldrld;aul j¾Olhla wmj¾;k fkdjk j¾Olhla f,i fhod we;s mrsm:hla my; rEmh 1 ys
oelafõ' fuys Rf hkq m%;fs mdaIK m%;sfrdaOhhs'
Rf
(i) by; mrsm:fha fjda,aàh;d ,dNh i|yd
 Rf 
m%ldYkh" GV  1   ,nd .ekSug
 R1  R1 +VS
ldrld;aul j¾Ol i|yd jQ iaj¾Kuh
kS;s fol fhdod .kak'
(ii) fujeks mrsm:hl" m%;sfmdaIK m%;sfrdaO Vout
;=<ska mej;sh yels WmrSu V in

Vs -VS
Odrdfõ úYd,;ajh" I max 
R1  R f  nj fmkajkak' rEmh 1
(iii) VS =  12 V jk úg" m%;sfmdaIK m%;sfrdaOfha WmrSu Ëu;d W;ai¾ckh 1 W jk mrsos
fjd,aàh;d ,dNh GV = 10 jQ wmj¾;k fkdjk j¾Olhla ilid .; hq;= fõ' fï i|yd
fhdod .; yels R1 yd Rf m%;sfrdaO w.hka .Kkh lrkak'

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(b) my; rEmh 2 ys olajd we;s ldrld;aul j¾Ol mrsm:fha m%;sodk fjda,aàh;djh (Vout) my;
f,i ,nd foa'
 Rf 
Vout    V1  V2 
 R1 
mrsm:fha R4 = 4 k ksh; m%;sfrdaOhla jk w;r" RT f,i olajd we;af;a ;'ñiagrhls' mrsm:h
wjg WIaK;ajh 0 C isg 10 C olajd úp,kh ùug bv we;s w;r" ms<sfj,ska" WIaK;ajhka
0 C yd 10 C úg" ldrld;aul j¾Ol mrsm:fha m%;sodk fjda,aàh;djh 0 V yd +2 V jk mrsos
mrsm:h ie,iqï l< hq;= h'

(i) ;'ñiagrfha m%;sfrdaOh Rf

0 C oS" 5 k yd 10 C oS R2
2 k fõ kï" 0 C oS yd RT R1 +VS
10 C oS V1 úNjh .Kkh V2
lrkak'
(ii) 0 C oS m%;os dk Vout
fjda,aàh;djh" Vout = 0 V V1
ùu i|yd R2 yd R3 R1
m%;sfrdaO i|yd fhdod .; R4 = 4 k R3 Rf -VS
yels w.hka folla
fhdckd lrkak'
(iii) 10 C oS m%;os dk
fjda,aàh;djh" Vout = +2 V rEmh 2
ùu i|yd Rf yd R1
m%;sfrdaO i|yd fhdod .; hq;= w.hka fidhkak'
(iv) fuu ldrld;aul j¾Olfha fjda,aàh;d ,dNh fldmuK o?

(d) by; mrsm:fha WIaK;ajh 10 C g jvd jeä w.hl mj;S o" 10 C g jvd wvq w.hl mj;S o"
hkak oek .ekSug by; 2 rEmfha m%;sodkh fjda,aàh;d iie÷ï mrsm:hlg iïnkaO flf¾' ta
i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk mrsm:hla my; 3 rEmfha oelafõ'
+5V

m<uq mrsm:fha 3 k + 10 V
m%;sodkh (Vout )

(i) mrsm:fha fhdod .; hq;= Rref

m%;sfrdaOh i|yd iqÿiq w.hla Vref
fhdackd lrkak'
Rref LED LED
(ii) uq,a mrsm:fha WIaK;ajh" - 10 V (1) (2)
10 C g jvd jeä w.hl mj;S o" R R
10 C g jvd wvq w.hl mj;S o"
hkak u; fuu mrsm:fha
l%shdldrs;ajh úia;r lrkak'
rEmh 3

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
14 | P a g e

10 (A) fldgig fyda (B) fldgig fyda muKla ms<s;=re imhkak'

(A) iS; R;=fõ oS O%ej l,dmj, we;s fmdl=Kqj,g by<ska we;s jd;fha WIaK;ajh RK w.hla olajd
my; jefÜ. túg fifuka isis,a ùula we;s c,h tu isis,a jdhqf.da,hg ;dmh uqod yrS . fufia c,h
uÕska tys wka;¾.; ;dmh isis,a jdhqf.da,hg ,nd oSu ksid hï wjia:djl oS c,h u; whsia ia:rhla
iEoSug mgka .kS. c,h u; we;s jk fuu whsia ia:rh l%ufhka >k j;a u th yryd ;dmh
ikakhkh ùu ÿ¾j, ù c,h ;=< .nvd ù we;s ;dm m%udKh wdrËd fõ. tla;rd wjia:djl oS whsia
yryd ;dmh mrsirhg ydks ù hdu iïmQ¾Kfhka u kj;sk w;r ta jk úg iEoS we;s whsia ;Ügqj
c,c cSùkag "mrsmQ¾K fmdfrdaKhla" f,i l%shd lrhs.
jd;h
;dmh  C

whsia
x

c,h

c,fhka fufia ;dmh ydks ùfï l%shdj,sh whsia ;Ügqfõ ndysr mDIaGfhka bj;g isÿ jk ;dm
ixjykh Wmfhda.S fldgf.k fuka u, whsia ;Ügqj yryd isÿ jk ;dmh ikakhkh ùu Wmfhda.S
fldgf.k o úia;r l< yels h.

(a) (i) c,h u; whsia iEoSu wdrïN jk úg c,h u;=msg WIaK;ajh fldmuK o?
(ii) c,h u; f.dvke.S we;s whsia ;Ügqjl ndysr mDIaGfha A fËa;%M,hlska msg;g ;dmh
 Q 
ixjykh ùfï iS>%;djh"   i|yd m%ldYkhla whsia ;Ügqfõ u;=msg iajNdjh i|yd
 t  1
ksh;hla jQ k1, whsia ;Ügqfõ u;=msg mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh S yd by<ska we;s jdhq
wjldYfha WIaK;ajh E weiqfrka ,shd olajkak.
(iii) c,hg by<ska jdhq wjldYfha WIaK;ajh E = -10 C jk mrsirhl c,h u; b;d ;=kS
whsia ia:rhla hdka;ñka iEoS we;s úg, tu ndysr mDIaGfha tall fËa;%M,hla yryd
mrsirhg ;dmh ydks ùfï iS>%;djh 20 J s-1 fõ. by; i|yka whsia ;Ügqfõ u;=msg
iajNdjh ms<sn| jQ ksh;h, k1 fidhkak.

(b) ikakhkh hgf;a whsia ;Ügqj yryd ;dmh ixl%uKh jk wjia:dj i,lkak.
(i) whsia ;Ügqjg hdka;ñka my<ska we;s c,fha WIaK;ajh fldmuK o?
(ii) >klu t jQ whsia ;Ügqjl A kï yrialv fËa;%M,hla yryd c,fha isg wjg mrsirh
 Q 
fj; ;dmh ikakhkh jk iS>%;djh   i|yd m%ldYkhla S yd whsiaj, ;dm
 t  2
ikakdhl;djh k2 weiqfrka f.dvk.kak.

(c) hï wjia:djl whsia yryd ;dmh ikakhkh jk iS>%;djfhka u whsia mDIaGfhka mrsirhg
;dmh ixjykh jk nj ie,lsh yels h.
(i) ta wkqj, S i|yd m%ldYkhla k1, k2 yd E weiqfrka ,nd .kak.
(ii) by; (c) (i) ys oS ,nd.;a ms<s;=r Ndú;d lr whsia ;Ügqfõ >klu jeä jk úg, S wvq jk
nj ikd; lrkak.

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15 | P a g e

(iii) mrsirfha WIaK;ajh, E = -10 C ys ksh;j mj;S hehs Wml,amkh fldg, S = -5 C jk

úg whsia ;Ügqfõ >klu fidhkak. whsiaj, ;dm ikakdhl;djh 0.67 W m-1 K-1 fõ.
(iv) by; (c) (iii) ys i|yka wjia:dfõ oS c,h-whsia w;=re uqyqKf;a tall j¾.M,hla u; whsia
iEfok iS>%;djh (kg s-1 j,ska) fidhkak.
whsiaj, ú,hkfha úYsIaG .=ma; ;dmh 3.35105 J kg-1 fõ.
(v) by; ;;aj hgf;a jQ mrsirhl jQ whsia ;Ügqjla "mrsmQ¾K fmdfrdaKhla" f,i l%shd lrk
wjia:dfõ oS whsia ;Ügqfõ by< mDIaGfha WIaK;ajh (S) l=ula fõ o?

(B) iajhx oSma; jia;= jk ;drld wNHka;rfha isÿ jk kHIaál m%;sl%shd uÕska Yla;sh ksmoùu isÿ fõ'
fujeks kHIaál m%;sl%shd" kHIaál ú,hkh yd kHIaál úLkavkh f,i wdldr folls' fndfyda
;drld ;=< we;s jkafka kHIaál ú,hk m%;sl%shd fõ' tuÕska kHIaál Yla;sh ;dm Yla;sh " wdf,dalh"
mdrcïnq, úlsrK yd f¾äfhda ;rx. f,i mrsj¾;kh fõ' wmg wdikak;u ;drldj jk iQ¾hhd ;=<
oS isÿ jkafka yhsv%cka mrudKq kHIaá ú,hk m%;sl%shdjls' fuys oS" yhsv%cka mrudKq y;rla yS,shï
mrudKqjla yd fmdisfg%dak (e+) folla njg m;a ùu isÿ fõ'

by< mrudKql l%udxl iys;" wia:dhs kHIaá yd iuÕ m%udKj;a Yla;shlska hq;= kHqfg%dak .eàug
ie,eiaùfuka kHIaál úLkavk m%;sl%shd we;s l< yels h' iEu kHIaál m%;sl%shdjl oS u ialkaO
ydkshla isÿ jk nj;a tf,i ydks jk ialkaOh Yla;sh njg mrsj¾:kh jk nj;a whskaiaghska úiska
fmkajd fok ,oS'

iQ¾hhd fuka u wfkl=;a ;drld ms<sn| wOHhkfha oS ialkaO tallhla (M) f,i iQ¾Hhdf.a ialkaOh
fhdod .kS' th" 1 M = 21030 kg f,i fhdod .kq ,nk w;r my; rdYSka o m%fhdackj;a fõ'
* wdf,dal j¾Ih
* fi!r oSma;;djh (iQ¾Hhd úiska tall ld,hl oS iEu osYdjlg u ksl=;a flfrk úlsrK
Yla;sh)
* iQ¾h ksh;h ( mD:súfha tall fËa;%M,hla u; tall ld,hl oS m;kh jk úlsrK Yla;s
m%udKh jk 1.4103 W m-2 w.h)
* rsla;lh ;=, úoHq;a-pqïnl ;rx.j, fõ.h (3108 m s-1 w.h)

(i) kHIaál ú,hkh yd kHIaál úLkavkh m%;sl%shd w;r fjkialï folla ,shkak'
(ii) wdf,dal j¾Ih hkafkka oelafjkqfha ljr tallhla o? tys w.h SI tall uÕska olajkak' iq¿
lsrSu wjYH fkdfõ'
(iii) mD:súh iy iQ¾Hhd w;r uOHkH ÿr 1.51011 m fõ kï" iQ¾Hhdf.a fi!r oSma;;djh .Kkh
lrkak'
(iv) iQ¾Hhd lDIaK jia;=jla f,i i,ld iQ¾Hhdf.a u;=msg WIaK;ajh ksudKh lrkak' iQ¾Hhdf.a
uOHkH wrh 7108 m jk w;r iafg*dka ksh;h  = 5.710-8 W m-2 K-4 fõ'
(v) iQ¾Hhd ;=< ;dm Yla;sh ksmoùug wod, kHIaál m%;sl%shdj ,shkak'
(vi) iQ¾Hhd ;=< isÿ jk tla yhsv%cka ú,hk m%;sl%shdjl oS uqod yrskq ,nk Yla;sh ksudKh lrkak'
( H, He mrudKqjl yd fmdisfg%dakhl ialkaO ms<sfj,ska 1.007825 U, 4.002603 iy 5.510-4 U
fõ' 1 U = 1.6610-27 kg nj i,lkak)
(vii) yhsv%cka ú,hkh uÕska" 1 MW Ëu;djhlska Yla;sh ckkh ùu i|yd" ljr iS>%;djhlska
yhsv%cka mrsfNdackh ùu isÿúh hq;= o ?

-

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fN!;sl úoHdj I/II
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PHYSICS- 2019 University of Peradeniya

Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics - Prof. Kalinga Bandara A/L Physics -
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wdo¾Y úi÷ï
nyqjrK ksjeros ms<s;=re:

(01)  (11)  (21)  (31)  (41) 

(02)  (12)  (22)  (32)  (42) 
(03)  (13)  (23)  (33)  (43) 
(04)  (14)  (24)  (34)  (44) 
(05)  (15)  (25)  (35)  (45) 
(06)  (16)  (26)  (36)  (46) 
(07)  (17)  (27)  (37)  (47) 
(08)  (18)  (28)  (38)  (48) 
(09)  (19)  (29)  (39)  (49) 
(10)  (20)  (30)  (40)  (50) 

A fldgi - jHqy.; rpkd

01. AB óg¾ fldaÿjla O ys ;enQ msys odrhla u; ;sriaj ix;=,kh fldg we;s wjia:djla my; rEmfha
olajd we;' túg O ys oS óg¾ fldaÿfõ lshùu 52 cm fõ'
R

52 cm
0 cm 100 cm
A O B
mg

(a) (i) óg¾ fldaÿj u; l%shd lrk n, by; rEmfhys ,l=Kq lrkak'
(ii) ñg¾ fldaÿfõ iajNdjh .ek Tng l=ula lsj yels o@

óg¾ fldaÿj taldldr fkdfõ'

(b) msys odrh tu iA:dkfha u ;nd f.k C ,ËHfhka ialkaOh M jk mähla o" D ,ËHfhka
ialkaOh W jk .,a lene,a,la o t,aÆ úg moaO;sh olaIsKdj¾;j N%uKh fjhs'
l1 l2
A C D B
O

msys odrh tu iA:dkfha u ;nd f.k fldaÿj ;sria j ix;=,kh lsÍug .,a lene,a, t,ajd we;s
iA:dkh úia:dmkh l< hq;af;a l=uk osYdjlg o@ Tfí ms<s;=r meyeos<s lrkak'
., O foig úia:dmkh l< hq;= h' moaO;sh oCIsKdj¾;j N%uKh jkafka oCIsKdj¾; osYdjg jeä >Q¾Khla mj;sk
neúks' tu >Q¾Kh wvq lsrSug kï" .,a lene,a, t,ajd we;s iA:dkhg O isg mj;sk ÿr wvq l< hq;= h'

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 2 of 18

(c) by; wjia:dj ,nd .ekSu i|yd .,a lene,a, t,aúh hq;= ,ËHh D’ kï túg OC = l1 yd
OD’ = l2 fõ. fï f,i mäh t,ajd we;s ia:dkh fjkia lrñka" fldaÿj ix;=,kh fldg l1 yd l2
i|yd ,nd.;a mdGdxl lSmhla my; j.=fõ oelafõ' l1 iajdh;a; úp,H f,i i,ld W .Kkh
lsrSug wjYH jdoh f.dvk.d wod, m%ia;drh woskak'
>Q¾K uq<O¾ufhka" O jgd >Q¾Kh i,ld"
l1 (cm) 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
Mg  l1 = Wg  l2 uÕska"
l2 (cm) 16.0 24.0 32.0 40.0
M 
l2    l1 f,i ,efí'
W 
fuh y = mx wdldr fõ'
l2 (cm)
40

30

20

10

l1 (cm)
(0,0) 10 20 30 40 50

(e) M = 100 g f,i f.k m%ia;drh fhdod .ksñka .,a lene,af,a ialkaOh W .Kkh lrkak'
36  4 31
(5, 4) yd (45, 36) ,CIH ie,lSfïoS" m%ia;drfha wKql%uKh =   0.775 fõ'
45  5 40

kuq;a" wKql%uKh m =   jk neúka" 0.775 =

M 100 100
uÕska" W   129.03 g fõ'
W  W 0.775

(f) msys odrh" by; i|yka fldaÿfõ uOH ,ËHfha ;nd .ksñka l1 yd l2 i|yd mdGdxl lsysmhla
YsIHfhla ,nd .kS' túg fldaÿfõ iu;=,s;;djh i|yd >Q¾K iólrKh ,shkak' Tn Ndú;d
lrk wu;r rdYska wef;d;a y÷kajkak'
l1 l2
A B
O
O jgd >Q¾Kh i,ld"
Mg  l1 = m0g  2 + Wg  l2 uÕska" l 2    l1  0 f,i ,efí'
M 2m
W  W
fuh y = mx - c wdldr fõ'

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 3 of 18
l2
(g) by; (f) fldgfia mdGdxl j,g wkqrEm jk m%ia;drfha o<
yevh oS we;s wË u; we| olajkak'

(h) m%ia;drh weiqfrka fldaÿfõ ialkaOh ,nd .kafka flfia o@

2m 0 W c
a drfha wka;# LKavh  c  
m%i; uÕska" m0 
W 2
l1
W okakd neúka m0 .Kkh l< yels h'

(i) mÍËKh i|yd Ndú;d lrk ;=,d mäfha ialkaOh" .f,a ialkaOhg wdikak f,i iudk jQ úg
ie,fik jdis folla ioyka lrkak'
(1) m%i;
a drh u; úisreKq mdGdxl iuQyhla ,nd .; yels ùu'
(2) l=vd os.j,a i|yd fuka u jeä os.j,a i|yd o w.hka ,nd .; yels ùu'

02. jd;fha èjks m%fõ.h fiúug woyia l< isiqfjla ta i|yd my; rEmh 1 ys olajd we;s WmlrK
lÜg,h Ndú;d lsrSug ;SrKh lrhs' fuys oS" lrduhla iys; isria k<hlg c,h mqrjd thg
wdikakj ix× cklhlg iïnkaO l< iamSlrhla ;nd we;s w;r k<fha újD; fl<jrg wdikakj
ixfõoS uhsl%f*dakhla ;nd we;' uhsl%f*dakhg iïnkaO lef;dav lsrK foda,fkaËhla Ndú;fhka
k<h ;=< we;s jk ;rx.hg wkqrEm ;rx. rgdjla ksÍËKh lrkq ,efí'

uhsl%f*dakh
iamSlrh

ix× cklhlh lef;dav lsrK

(Signal Generator) foda,fkaËh (CRO)
c,h
mrsudKh

rEmh 1
T

(a) tla wjia:djl oS lef;dav lsrK

foda,fkaËfha ;srh u; we;s jQ ;rx.
rgdjla rEmh 2 ys oelafõ' fuúg
foda,fkaËfha ld,-mßudK md,lh
rEmh 2
0.2 ms cm-1 f,i ilid we;s nj
i,lkak'

(i) Ndú;d l< èjks ;rx.fha ld,dj¾;h fldmuK o?

T = 4  0.2 = 0.8 ms fõ'
(ii) by; a (i) ys ms<s;=r Ndú;fhka èjks m%Njfha ixLHd;h ( f ) .Kkh lrkak'
1 1
f  ys wdfoaYfhka" f   1250 Hz fõ'
T 0.8  10 3

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 4 of 18

(b) èjks m%Njfha ixLHd;h f ksh; w.hl mj;ajd .ksñka" T lrduh újD; fldg k<h ;=< jQ
c,h fiñka bj;aùug ie,eiaiQ úg" uq,ska u ;Sj% Yíohla wefik úg" k<fha ysia jQ os. l1 fõ'
k<h ;=< jQ c,h ;jÿrg;a bj;aùug ie,eiaùfï oS" kej; jrla ;Sj% Yíohla wefikafka
k<fha ysiajQ os. l2 úg h'

(i) k<fha wdka; fYdaOkh e kï" m<uq jrg ;Sj% Yíohla wefik wjia:dj i,ld èjks
;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh  i|yd m%ldYkhla l1 yd e weiqßka ,shd olajkak'

 l1  e
4
(ii) fojeks jrg ;Sj% Yíohla wefik wjia:dj i,ld èjks ;rx.fha ;rx. wdhduh  i|yd
m%ldYkhla l2 yd e weiqßka ,shd olajkak'

3  l2  e
4

(c) by; (b) (i) ys i|yka l1 ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ndckfha c, uÜgu wvq lsÍfï oS ysia fldgfia os.
( l ) iuÕ lef;dav lsrK foda,fkaËfha ;srh u; we;s jQ ;rx.fha úia;drh (A) ksÍËKh
lrKq ,efí' úia;drh (A)
(i) l1 jgd l iuÕ A ys úp,kh my;
rEmfha olajkak'

(ii) by; (b) (ii) ys i|yka l2 jgd l

iuÕ A ys úp,kh o tu rEmfha
u olajkak'

l1 l3 l
(d) (b) (i) yd (ii) ys oS ,shd olajk ,o m%ldYk Ndú;fhka jd;h ;=< èjks fõ.h v i|yd
m%ldYkhla l1, l2 yd f weiqrska ,nd .kak'

  
 l1  e  (1) 3  l2  e  (2) (2) - (1) 2  l 2  l1 uÕska"   2l 2  l1  fõ'
4 4 4

v  f  ys wdfoaYfhka" v  2 f l 2  l1  fõ'

(e) jd;h ;=< èjks m%fõ.h fiùu i|yd mdie,a mrsËKd.drfha Ndú;d jk idudkH l%uhg jvd
fuu l%ufha we;s jdis folla ,shkak'

(1) os. uekSug mrsudKhla iïnkaO lr ;sîu ksid os. ñkqu myiqfjka ,nd .; yels ùu'
(2) lef;dav lsrK foda,fkaCIh uÕska wkqkdo wjia:dj myiqfjka ,nd .; yels ùu'

(f) ix× cklhlfha ixLHd;h f = 500 Hz f,i fhdod we;s úfgl" l1 yd l2 i|yd ,enqkq os.j,a
ms<sfj,ska 16.5 cm yd 50.5 cm fõ kï" jd;h ;=< èjks m%fõ.h (v) yd k<fha wdka; fYdaOkh
(e) .Kkh lrkak'

v  2 f l 2  l1  ys wdfoaYfhka" v  2  500 50.5  16.5  10 2  340 m s fõ'

-1

 2l1  l1 
(1)  e   l1 yd   2l 2  l1  uÕska" e   l1 fõ' wod, w.hka wdfoaYfhka"
4 4
50.5  16.5
e  16.5  17  16.5  0.5 cm fõ'
2

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 5 of 18

(g) Ndú;d l< lrduh iys; isria k<fha c,h /|úh yels WmrSu Wi 80 cm fõ' èjks m%Njfha
ixLHd;h f = 500 Hz f,i fhdod.;a úg" B<Õ wkqkdo wjia:dj ,nd .; yels fõ o? Tnf.a
ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

 250.5  16.5
5  l3  e jk neúka" l 3  5  0.5  84.5 cm f,i ,efí'
4 4
k<fha os. 80 cm muKla jk neúka" B<Õ wkqkdo wjia:dj ,nd .; fkdyels fõ'

03. WIaK;ajh iuÕ lïìhl m%;sfrdaOh úp,kh jk whqre mÍËd lsÍu i|yd my; oelafjk óg¾ fia;=
mßm:h Ndú;d lrk ,os' R hkq m%;sfrdaO fmÜáhla jk w;r E hkq welshqñf,agrhls. G hkq ueo
ìxÿ .e,ajfkdaógrhls.
R

G
l

E
m%;sfrdaOh fiúh hq;= lïì oÕrh mrSËK k<hla jgd T;d rEmfha oelafjk mßos .a,sißka ødjkhla
wvx.= Ndckhl nyd mßm:hg iïnkaO lr we;' odylhla uÕska r;a lsrSu uÕska WIaK;ajh fjkia
flf¾.

(a) fuys oS .a,sißka fjkqjg c,h fhdod fkd.;af;a wehs oehs meyeos<s lrkak'

c,h fhdod .;fyd;a c,h úoHq;a ikakdhlhla neúka wkqhd; lïì oÕr ¨yqj;a ùug .kS' kuq;a .a,sißka úoHq;a
mßjdrlhla ksid by; mßos ¨yqj;a ùula isÿ fkdfõ'

(b) (i) mÍËKh i|yd R m%;sfrdaO fmÜáfha fhdod .; hq;= w.h f;dard .kafka flfia oehs
myod fokak'

i¾mK h;=r óg¾ fia;= lïìfha yß ueo ;nd .e,ajfkdaógrfha mdGdxlh Y=kHhg wdikak jk;=re R m%;fs rdaO
fmÜáfha w.h ielish hq;= h'

(ii) fufia R f;dard .ekSug fya;= olajkak'

fuúg ix;=,k ,CIHh lïìfha ueog wdikak j ,efnk neúka wdka; fodaIj, n,mEu fkdi,ld yeßh
yels ;rï l=vd fõ'

(c) hï  C WIaK;ajhl oS ógr fia;=fõ ix;=,k os. l kï, oÕrfha m%;sfrdaOh R i|yd
m%ldYkhla l yd R weiqrska ,nd .kak.

R l
ñgrfia;= uQ,O¾uhg wkqj" 
Rθ 100  l 

tuÕska" Rθ 
100  l  R fõ'
l

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 6 of 18

(d) by; (b) oS oela jQ f,iska f;dard.;a R ys w.h 10  úh' wdrïNfha .a,siÍka 110 0C g muK
r;a lr l%ufhka isis,a ùug bv yer WIaK;aj mdGdxl wgla i|yd ógr fia;=fõ ix;= ,k
os.j,a uek .kakd ,oS' tuÕska tla tla WIaK;ajfha oS R w.h .Kkh lrk ,oS.  bosßfha R
m%ia;drh we|Su i|yd ,nd.;a mdGdxl isiqfjl= úiska my; f,i i,l=Kq lr we;.
R ()

12.0

11.0

10.0

9.0

8.0
40 60 80 100  (C)
0 10 20 30 50 70 90
 yd R wË w;r i,l=Kq l< LKavdxl yryd hk m%ia;drh we| tys wKql%uKh .Kkh
lrkak.
12.3  9.0 3.3
m%i;
a drfha wkql%uKh m =  = 4.0210-2  C-1 fõ'
92  10 82

(e) lïìh idod we;s øjHfha m%;sfrdaOfha WIaK;aj ix.=Klh  my; oelafjk mßos w¾: oelafõ.
Rθ  R0 

R0  
(i) fuys R yd R0 hk mo y÷kajkak'
R =  C ys oS oÕrfha m%;sfrdaOh fõ' R0 = 0 C ys oS oÕrfha m%;sfrdaOh fõ'
(ii) by; (d) ys m%ia;drh Ndú;d lr  i|yd w.hla ,nd .kak'
R = R0 (1 + ) jk w;r tuÕska" R = (R0 )  + R0
f,i ,efí' túg"  bosrsfha R m%i;
a drh y = mx + c wdldr fõ.
a drfha wkql%uKh m = 4.0210-2  C-1 yd wka;# LKavh" c = 8.6  jk neúka,
m%i;
8.6   = 4.0210-2 uÕska"  = 4.6710-3 C-1 fõ'
(f) fuu lïì oÕrh WIaK;ajudkhla f,i Ndú;d l< yels h. tys oS ie,fik jdis folla
i|yka lrkak'
(1) by< WIaK;aj ueksh yels ùu'
(2) ksh; WIaK;aj b;du;a ksjeros j ueksh yels ùu'
(g) fuys oS .a,siÍka ;dmlhla fhdod fkdf.k oÕrh mßm:fha .,d hk Odrdfjka r;a lsÍug
yelshdj ,efí' tfia fkdlsÍug fya;= folla fokak'
(1) myiqfjka WIaK;ajh uek .ekSug l%uhla fkdue;s ùu'
(2) mßm:fha .,d hk Odrdj l=vd neúka oÕrh r;aùug jeä ld,hla .; ùu'

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 7 of 18

04. f,day foll hxudmxl w.hka ixikaokh lsrSu i|yd tu f,day j,ska ;ekQ A yd B kï taldldr
i¾jiu udk iys; lïì folla fhdod .kS. lïì tl tll tla fl<jrlska ksoyia j t,a,d wksla
fl<jrg fjkia Ndr iïnkaO lr, we;s jk ú;;shka fjk fjk u uek .kakd ,oS'

(a) øjHhl hx udmdxlh w¾: olajkak'

m%;Hdia: iSudj ;=, oS wd;kH m%;Hdn,h" wd;kH úl%hs djg orK wkqmd;h" hx udmdxlh (Y) f,i w¾: oelafõ'

(b) mrsËKd;aul j ,nd .;a ú;;sh mdGdxl (e), wkqrEm Ndrhka (W) bosßfha m%ia;dr .; l< úg
A yd B lïì i|yd ,efnk m%ia;dr my; rEmfha oelafõ'
e (m)

W (N)

(i) by; m%ia;drh Ndú;d lr A yd B lïì idod we;s f,dayj, hxudmdxlh fiùug wjYH
jk wu;r o;a; fol ( p yd q hehs is;uq) fudkjd o@

p- nr fhdok lïìfha uq,a os. yd q - lïìfha úIalïNh

(ii) m%dfhda.sl j by; o;a;hka ,nd .kafka flfia o@

1. lïìfha uq,a os. (p) f,i j¾ksh¾ mrsudK Y=kHfha isg lïìh .eg .eiq ,CIHhg we;s ÿr óg¾ rE,la
uÕska uek .; hq;= h'
2. lïìfha úIalïNh (q) fiùug uhsfl%da bial=remamq wdudkhla Ndú;fhka lïìfha ia:dk lSmhl oS
tlsfklg ,ïnl osYd folla Tiafia úIalïN uek tajdfha uOHhkH w.h ,nd .; hq;= h'

(iii) by; o;a; fol ( p yd q) yd w|skq ,enQ m%ia;dr Ndú;fhka A fyda B lïìfha hxudmdxlh
(Y) .Kkh lrk whqre myod fokak'

F e
m%;Hdia: iSudj ;=, oS" Y fõ' fuys l hkq lïìfha uq,a os. jk w;r A hkq yrialv j¾.M,h fõ'
A l
 l   l 
túg" e    W jk w;r" fuh" y = mx wdldr fõ' túg" m%i; a drfha wkql%uKh" m    jk w;r"
 
YA  YA 
 q 4p
l = p yd A     2 wdfoaYfhka" Y  uÕska Y .Kkh l< yel'
 
2 m q 2

(c) (i) by; m%ia;dr wkqj A yd B lïì idod we;s f,day foflka l=uk f,dayh jvd Yla;su;a
fõ o@ meyeos<s lrkak'

hx udmdxlh (Y) jeä f,dayh jvd Yla;su;a fõ' yrialvj,a yd uq,a os.j,a iudk neúka Y jeä f,dayh i|yd
wvq wkql%uKhla mej;sh hq;= h' fï wkqj" A f,dayh jvd Yla;su;a úh hq;= h'

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 8 of 18

(ii) A yd B lïì fol tlsfklg iudka;rj ilid tl u ,ËHl .eg.id ixhqla;

lïìhla f,i fhdod .ksñka mÍlaIKh kej; l<fyd;a ,efnk m%ia;drfha o< igykla
by; m%ia;dr wlaI ;=< u w|skak' tu m%ia;drh C f,i kï lrkak' tys yevh meyeos<s
lrkak'
e (m)

A
x C

W (N)
W1 W2 W

iudka;r.;j iïnkaO l< úg" oS we;s n,hla i|yd we;s jk ú;;s iudk fõ' lïì fofla we;s jk n, j,
tl;=j iM, n,hg iudk fõ' tneúka lïì iudka;r.; úg m%i;a drh C fõ'

(iii) x wËhg iudka;rj w|sk ,o f¾Ldjlska B yd A m%ia;dr lefmk ,ËHj, x LKavdxl

ms<sfj,ska W1 yd W2 fõ kï (e) ys oS Tn w|sk ,o m%ia;drh tu f¾Ldfjka
lefmk ,ËHfha x-LKavdxlh (W), W1 yd W2 weiqrska ,shd olajkak.

W = W1 + W2

(d) by; oS w|sk ,o ´kE u m%ia;drhla yd ú;;sh (e) wËh w;r fËa;%M,fhka ,nd .; yels
jeo.;a f;dr;=r l=ula o@

lïìfha .nvd jQ m%;Hia: úNj Yla;sh

-

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Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 9 of 18

B fldgi - rpkd

05. (a) oS we;s ,ËHhlg idfmaËj p,s; jk jia;=jl f¾Çh .uH;djfha >Q¾Kh tu ,ËHh jgd
jia;=fõ fldaKsl .uH;djh fõ'
fldaKsl .uH;djfha udkh = [mv][r] = M L T-1  L = M L2 T-1
fldaKsl .uH;djfha tallh = kg m2 s-1

(b) (i) wdrïNfha oS ;eáh ksYap, jQj;a <uhd yd ;eáh tl u moaO;shla f,i ie,lSfï oS
wdrïNfha oS ;eáfha flakaøh jgd fldaKsl .uH;djhla mj;S' tneúka fõosldjg ke."
<uhd ËKslj ksYap, jQj;a <uhd iys; fõosldj N%uKh jkafka mej;s wdrïNl
fldaKsl .uH;djh ixia:s;sl ùu i|yd h'
(ii) fldaKsl .uH;d ixia:s;sfhka"
;eáfha flakaøh jgd wdrïNl fldaKsl .uH;djh = <uhd iys; ;eáfha wjika fldaKsl
.uH;djh
mvR
0 + mv  R = [ I + mR2 ]   uÕska"  

I  mR 2 
fõ'

(iii) ndysr jHdj¾; fkdue;s úg wp, wËhla jgd oS we;s moaO;shl fldaKs; .uH;djh
ixia:s;sl fõ'
1 1
(c) (i) fõosldfõ wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh I  M R 2 ys wdfoaYfhka" I   20  2 2  40 kg m2 fõ'
2 2
(ii) N%uK p,s;h i,ld   I fhoSfuka" 60  2  10  40 uÕska"
11
   2.75 rad s-2 fõ' 2m
4
(iii)  f  i   t ys wdfoaYfhka" 30 s wjidkfha fõosldfõ
f = 10 Nm 60 N
11
fldaKsl m%fõ.h"  f  0   30 = 82.5 rad s-1 fõ'
4
1 2 1 11
(iv)    i t   t ys wdfoaYfhka"   0    30  30  1237.5 rad
2 2 4
<uhd jeh l< uq¿ Yla;h s = isÿ l< ld¾hh =   60  2 1237.5  148500 J
(v) moaO;sfha wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh jeä jk neúka" fldaKsl m%fõ.h wvqfõ' fldaKsl .uH;d
ixia:s;sfhka" I11  I 2 2 fõ' fuys" 1  82.5 rad s-1, I1  40 kg m2 jk w;r" <uhd
;eáhg f.dv jQ miq kj wjia:s;s >Q¾Kh I 2  I 1  mR 2  40  30  2 2  160 kg m2 fõ'
40  82.5
túg" 40  82.5 = 160  2 uÕska" kj fldaKsl m%fõ.h  2   20.63 rad s-1
160
(vi)   I uÕska" >¾IK jHdj¾;h fya;=fjka we;s jk fldaKsl ukaokh"
10 1 1
  rad s-2 fõ'  f  i   t ys wdfoaYfhka" 0 = 20.63 -  t uÕska" ksYap,
160 16 16
ùug .; jk ld,h" t = 20.63  16 = 330 s fõ'
1 1 1
(vii)    i t   t 2 ys wdfoaYfhka"   20.63  330    330  330  3405.6 rad fõ'
2 2 16
3405.6
fõosldj N%uKh ù we;s jg .Kk =  567.6
23

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 10 of 18

06. (a) A


h
 
O P I
u v

h h
AOP ;%sfldaKh i,ld" tan   yd AIP ;%sfldaKh i,ld" tan   f,i ,efí'  yd 
u v
h h
hkq l=vd fldaK neúka"   yd   fõ' cHdó;sl ,ËKj,g wkqj"      jk
u v
h h  1 1
neúka"     h    fõ' j¾;kh i|yd ldáishdkq ,l=Kq iïuq;shg wkqj" ;=kS ldp
u v u v
1 1 1 1 1 1  1
iQ;%h"     uÕska"   fõ' fï wkqj"  jk w;r" m;k lsrKfha
v u f v u f h f
h
wm.ukh   f,i ,efí'
f

A E B
 1

2 
h1 C
 h2
P P1 P2 D

(b) (i)  + 2 = 1 uÕska"  = 1 - 2 fõ'

h1 h
(ii) ixhqla; ldph ie,lSfï oS" tan   uÕska"   1 fõ' ;j o" W;a;, ldph ie,lSfïoS"
f f
h1 h
tan  1  uÕska"  1  1 fõ' wj;, ldpfha jia;= ÿr yd m%;sìïn ÿrj,a i,ld"
f1 f1
h h h
tan  1  1 yd tan   1 f,i ,súh yels h' 1 yd  l=vd fldaK neúka"  1  1 yd
u v u
h 1 1 1
  1 f,i ie,lsh yels h' wj;, ldvfha j¾;khg"   fhdouq' ldàishdkq
v v u f
1 1 1
,l=Kq iïuq;shg wkqj" u = -u, v = -v yd f = +f wdfoaYfhka"    jk w;r"
v u f2
1 1 1    1 h
 yd  wdfoaYfhka"   1  jk w;r tuÕska"  1    1 fõ' fuysoS"
u h1 v h1 h1 h1 f1 f1
h
 + 2 = 1 jk neúka" 1 -  = 2 fõ' túg"  2  1 fõ' by; oS ,nd .;a"  = 1 - 2 ys
f1
h h h
wdfoaYfhka" 1  1  2 fõ'
f f1 f 2

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 11 of 18

h1  h2 h1  h2 h
(iii) ldp w;r mr;rh d úg" tan  1  uÕska"  1  fõ'  1  1 w.h
d d f1
h1 h1  h2 dh
wdfoaYfhka"  jk w;r" tuÕska" h2  h1  1 fõ'
f1 d f1
d h1 h h h h h 1  dh 
(iv) h2  h1  hkak" 1  1  2 ys wdfoaYfhka" 1  1   h1  1  jk w;r
f1 f f1 f 2 f f1 f 2  f1 
1 1 1 d
tuÕska"    fõ'
f f 1 f 2 f1 f 2
1 1 1
(v) (1) d = 0 úg" ldp ixhqla;h i|yd iólrKh"   jk w;r" f1 = 10 cm yd
f f1 f 2
1 1 1 1
f2 = 15 cm w.hka wdfoaYfhka"    uÕska" f = 30 cm fõ'
f 10 15 30
1 1 1 d
(2) d = 5 cm úg" ldp ixhqla;h i|yd iólrKh"    jk w;r"
f f 1 f 2 f1 f 2
1 1 1 5 2
f1 = 10 cm yd f2 = 15 cm w.hka wdfoaYfhka"     uÕska"
f 10 15 10  15 30
f = 15 cm fõ'
(c) kdNsh ÿrj,a f1 = 10 cm yd f2 = 15 cm jk W;a;, yd wj;, ldp fol tlsfkl iam¾Yl
wjia:dfõ isg tlsfklg 5 cm olajd mr;rhlska ;eîfï oS ixhqla;fha kdNsh ÿr 15 cm isg
30 cm w;r úp,kh lr .; yels nj fmfka' tuÕska fuu ixhqla;h iQu ldphla f,i Ndú;d
l< yels nj ;yjqre fõ'

07. (a) (i) ÿiai%dù ;r,hla ;=< p,s; jk f.da,Sh jia;=jla u; we;s jk ÿiai%dù n,h (F)" ;r,fha
ÿiai%dú;d ix.=Klh ( ) g" jia;=fõ wrh (a) g yd ;r,h ;=, tys fõ.h (v) g wkqf,dauj
iudkqmd;sl fõ'
(ii) by; iólrKfha jï me;af;a udk = [F] = M L T-2
ol=Kq me;af;a udk = [ ] [a] [v] = M L-1 T-1  L  L T-1 = M L T-2 f,i ,efí' tneúka oS
we;s iólrKh udk w;ska ksjeros fõ'
(b) (i) ialkaOh m1 jk wxY=fõ wdka; m%fõ.h v1 kï" wdka; m%fõ.
m g U
wjia:djg 6av1  U  m1 g uÕska" v1  1 f,i ,efí'
6a
fuf,i u" ialkaOh m2 jk wxY=fõ wdka; m%fõ.h v2 kï"
m g U
v2  2 fõ'
6a
1 s ld,hla ;=< m1 wxY=j p,s; jk ÿr = v1 yd m2 wxY=j p,s;
jk ÿr = v2 neúka" ;;amrhl ld,hla ie,lSfõ oS wxY= fol
w;r mr;rh wvq jk m%udKh" s  v1  v2 fõ'
m g  U m2 g  U m1  m2 g
tuÕska" s  1   fõ' fï wkqj" f.da, fol w;r mr;rh
6a 6a 6a

;;amrhlg s  1
m  m2 g YS>%;djlska wvqfjñka mj;sk nj ;yjqre fõ'
6a

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 12 of 18

m1  m2 
(ii) v1 > v2 jk neúka" m2 wxY=jg idfmaËj m1 wxY=fõ m%fõ.h = v1 - v2 = g fõ'
6a
x 6 ax
túg" tajd tlsfkl ,Õd ùug .;jk ld,h t   fõ'
v1  v2 m1  m2 g

(c) (i) > jk neúka" uqod y, f.da,h isriaj by<g p,s; fõ'
wdka; m%fõ.hg t<eöfuka wk;=rej iM, n,h Y=kH úh
hq;= neúka" U = 6av + mg jk w;r fuys" 6av
4 4
U  a 3g yd mg  a 3 g w.hka wdfoaYfhka" U
3 3
4 3 4
a g  6av  a 3 g fõ' túg" mg
3 3
2a 2
6av  a 3    g uÕska" v     g f,i ,efí'
4
3 9
(ii) by; wdka; m%fõ.fhka p,s; jk f.da,h c, mDIaGfhka bj;a j .=re;ajh hgf;a ;j
ÿrg;a by<g p,s; fõ' f.da,h by< kÕsk Wi h kï" isriaj by<g v2 = u2 + 2as
iólrKh fhoSfuka
2 2
 2a 2   2 
0    g   2 gh uÕska" h  1  2a    g  fõ' fï wkqj" c, mDIaGfha
 9  2 g  9 
4
isg h 
2a g
   2 Wil oS f.da,fha fõ.h kej; Y=kH úh hq;= h'
81 2

(iii) f.da,h kej; jdrhla jd;h ;=< isriaj my<g p,s; ù by; v fõ.fhka c,h ;=<g
we;=¿ fõ' kuq;a" oeka th p,s; jkafka my<g neúka" Wvql=re f;rmqu fukau ÿiai%dù
n,ho isriaj by<g l%shd lrkq ,nk neúka m;=,g meñKSug fmr m%fõ.h Y=kH ù
kej; by<g .uka lrhs'
(iv)
H (Wi)

c, mDIaGfha
t (ld,h)
msysàu

08. fjda,aàh;d foda,lhl

1 2 3 4

whk m%Njh
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 13 of 18

(a) wxY=j ,nd.;a pd,l Yla;sh = úoHq;a fËa;%h uÕska isÿ l< ld¾hh
1 2eV
mv12  eV uÕska" v1  fõ'
2 m
(b) wxY=fõ pd,l Yla;sfha jeä ùu = fËa;%h uÕska isÿ l< wu;r ld¾hh
1 1 1 2  2eV 4eV
fï wkqj" mv 22  mv12  eV jk kuq;a" mv12  eV neúka" v 2   fõ'
2 2 2 m m
(c) is,skavr n ixLHdjla ;=,ska p,s; ùfuka wk;=rej wdfrdams; wxY=jg ,efnk m%fõ.h
2  neV 2neV
vn   fõ'
m m
(d) is,skavrj, úNjhka (+) yd (-) f,i tl u ld,dj¾;hla ;=< fjkia jk neúka wdfrdams;
wxY=jlg is,skavrhl wNHka;rh ;=<ska tl u ld,hla ;=< p,s; ùug isÿ fõ' fuys oS
wdfrdams; wxY=j, m%fõ.hka ld,h iuÕ jeä jk neúka tl u ld,hla ;=< tajdg jeä ÿrla
p,s; ùh yels jk mrsos is,skavrj, os.j,a o l%ufhka jeä jk fia ilid we;'
(e) hdno is,skavr folla w;r ;ajrKh ùug fjd,aàh;d foda,lfha wdj¾; ld,fhka wvla .;
jk mrsos ieliSfï oS b;srs wj¾; ld, wv ;=, oS wdfrdams; wxY=j is,skavrh ;=,ska p,s; fõ'
tuÕska wdfrdams; wxY=jla os.ska os.g u ;ajrKh lrùug yels fõ'
2eV 2  1.6  1019  50  103
(f) v ys wdfoaYfhka" v   27
= 3.1106 m s-1 fõ'
m 1.67  10
1 l
(g) fjda,aàh;d foda,lfha wdj¾; ld,h T  fõ' is,skavrfha os. l kï" v   2 f l fõ' ta
f T /2
v 3.1  106
wkqj" l    0.155 = 15.5 cm fõ'
2 f 2  10  106

(h) fm%dafgdakhlg ,efnk Yla;sh = 800 106  e fõ' fuys e bf,lafg%dakfha wdfrdamKh fõ' fï
i|yd is,skavr 2000 la Ndú;d jk neúka" úNj wka;rfha uOHkH w.h V kï"
800  106
2000  e V = 800 106  e uÕska" V   400 kV fõ'
2000

09 (A) (a) (i). E1, r1

I1 E, r

E2, r2
I2 I
V
I
V R

R
ú'.d' n,h E1 jk fldaIh fofl<jr úNj wka;rh i,ld" V = E1 - I1r1  (1)
ú'.d' n,h E2 jk fldaIh fofl<jr úNj wka;rh i,ld" V = E2 - I2r2  (2)
E V E V
(1) ka" I1  1  (3) , (2) ka" I 2  2  (4) , kuq;a" I = I1 + I2 jk neúka"
r1 r2
E1  V E 2  V E E  1 1 
I  uÕska" I   1  2   V    fõ'
r1 r2  r1 r2   r1 r2 

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 14 of 18

E E  1 1
(ii) I   1  2   V    (a)
 r1 r2   r1 r2 

iul fldaIh yryd Odrd .e,Su i,ld fldaIh fofl<jr úNj wka;rh"
E 1
V = E - I r uÕska" I     V   (b)
r r
E E1 E 2 1 1 1
(a) yd (b) ys oelafjk Odrd iudk neúka"   yd     fõ'
r r1 r2 r  r1 r2 
1 1 1 rr E E1 E 2
(iii)   uÕska" r  1 2 fõ'   ys wdfoaYfhka"
r r1 r2 r1  r2 r r1 r2
E
r1  r2   E1r2  E2 r1 jk w;r" tuÕska" E  E1r2  E 2 r1 fõ'
r1 r2 r1 r2 r1  r2 
2V
a R2 = 4  b
z
(b)
R1 = 4 
a b

R
6V

(i) R2 yryd Odrdjla fkd.,k úg" R yryd Odrdj I kï" 6 = I ( 4 + R )  (1)

fuúg" R1 yryd úNj neiau 2 V jk neúka" 2 = I  4  (2)
4 R
(1)/(2) uÕska" 3  jk w;r" R = 8  fõ' 2V
R2 = 4 
4
B C
(ii) ABCD mqvqj i,ld l¾fpda*a kshuh
fhoSfuka" 6 - 2 = 4I + I1 R uÕska" I
2 = 4I + I1 R  (1) fõ' (I1 - I ) R1 = 4 
AEFD mqvqj i,ld l¾fpda*a kshuh E F
fhoSfuka" 6 = 4 (I1- I) + I1R uÕska" I1
6 = (R+4)I1 - 4I  (2) fõ'
(1) yd (2) iu.dó f,i úi|Sfuka"
A D
8 R
I f,i ,efí' R
42  R  6V
8 R
(iii) I = 0.15 A úg 0.15  uÕska" R = 4.25  f,i ,efí'
42  R 
(iv) 30 oC oS" R30 = 8  jk w;r" 100 oC oS" R100 = 4.25  fõ' túg"
R30 = R0 (1+ R 30)(1) yd R100 = R0 (1+ R 100)  (2) jk w;r"
R 1   R  30  8
(1)/(2) uÕska" 30  f,i ,efí' tuÕska" R = -9.4310-3 C-1 f,i
R100 1   R  100 4.25
,efí'
(v) w¾O ikakdhl fõ' R i|yd (-) w.hla ,efnk neúka'

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 15 of 18

(vi) R = R0 (1- R ) uÕska" R

R = - (R0 R )  +R0 jk w;r" R0
fuh y = -mx + c wldr úp,khls'
8 R
(vii) I  fõ' WIaK;ajh jeä ùfï oS R ys
42  R 
w.h wvq fõ' túg" by; m%ldYkfha" (8 - R)
jeä jk w;r" (2+R) w.h wvq fõ' tneúka"
WIaK;ajh by< hdfï oS R2 yryd .,k úoHq;a 
Odrdj jeä fõ'
(viii) fuys oS" I = 0.15 + 0.05 = 0.2 A fõ' 0.6 V
8 R
I ys wdfoaYfhka' z
42  R 
0.05 A
8 R
0.2  uÕska" R = 3.6  f,i ,efí'
42  R  I a
R2 = 4 
b
0.15 A
(ix) fik¾ osfhdavhls'

09. (B) (a) (i) Rf

iaj¾Kuh kS;h s  g
wkqj" i = 0 jk w;r" I +VS
R1 I
R1 yryd Odrdj I1 fõ'
iaj¾Kuh kS;h s  g I V1 i = 0
wkqj" V1 = V2 = Vin fõ'
túg" Rf yryd Odrd Vout
V2
.e,Su i,ld" Vin
Vout  V1  I  R f  yd" -VS
R1 yryd Odrd .e,Su i,ld"
V1  0  I  R1  f,i ,súh yels h'
V  V1 R f
/ uÕska" out  f,i ,efí' V1 = Vin w.h wdfoaYfhka" fjda,aàh;d
V1 R1
V Rf
,dNh out  1  f,i ,efí'
Vin R1
(ii) fujeks j¾Ol mrsm:hl Vin jeä lsrSfï oS Vout jeä ù wjidkfha oS ix;Dma; fõ'
fuúg" Vout =  VS jk w;r" m%;sfrdaO ;=<ska Odrd .e,Su i,ld" Vout - 0 = I (Rf + R1)
Vs
ys wdfoaYfhka" VS - 0 = Imax (Rf + R1) fõ' tuÕska" I max 
R1  R f  fõ'
Rf Rf
(iii) fjd,aàh;d ,dNh GV = 10 neúka" 1   9   fõ'
 10 jk w;r"
R1 R1
Rf m%;sfrdaOh yryd WmrSu Ëu;d W;ai¾ckh" (Imax )2Rf = 1 
Rf
WmrSu Odrdj i,ld" 12 - 0 = Imax (Rf + R1) f,i ,súh yels w;r"  uÕsk"a R1 
9
 Rf  108
w.h wdfoaYfhka" 12  I max  R f   fõ' túg" I max  jk w;r"
 9  10R f

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 16 of 18

  R f  1 fõ' tuÕska" R f  108  116.64  f,i

2
 108  2
 ys wdfoaYfhka" 
 10R  100
 
f

116.64
,efí' túg"  uÕska" R1   12.96 fõ'
9
VS = 5 V
(b)
Rf

R2
RT R1 +VS
V2

Vout
V1
R1
-VS
R4 = 4 k R3 Rf

 R4 
(i) ;'ñiagrfha m%;sfrdaOh RT úg" V1 úNjh" V1    VS f,i ,efí'
 R 4  RT 
 4  20
0 C oS RT = 5 k úg" V1    5   2.22 V fõ'
 4 5 9
 4  20
10 C oS RT = 2 k úg" V1    5   3.33 V fõ'
4 2 6
 Rf 
(ii) m%;sodk fjda,aàh;djh" Vout    V1  V2  jk neúka"
 1
R
 R3  20 R 5
Vout = 0 V úg" V1 = V2 fõ' fï wkqj"    5  jk w;r tuÕska" 2 
 R3  R2  9 R3 4
f,i ,efí' ta wkqj" R2 = 5 k yd R3 = 4 k w.hka fhdod .; yels h'

 Rf 
 V1  V2  fõ' túg" V1  V2   1
2R
(iii) Vout = +2 V úg" 2   fõ'
 R1  Rf
20 4 20  20 20  2 R1
fuys" V1  V yd V2  5  V jk neúka"    fõ'
6 4  5 9  6 9  Rf
R1 5
tuÕska"  f,i ,efí' ta wkqj" R1 = 5 k yd Rf = 9 k w.hka fhdod .;
Rf 9
yels h'
 Rf 
(iv) Vout    V1  V2  jk neúka" ldrld;aul j¾Olfha fjda,aàh;d ,dNh
 R1 
 Rf  9
GV      1.8 fõ'
 R1  5
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 17 of 18

+5V
(d)

3 k + 10 V
m<uq mrsm:fha
m%;sodkh (Vout )

Vref

Rref LED (1) LED (2)

- 10 V

(i) WIaK;ajhka 0 C yd 10 C w;r úg" m<uq mrsm:fha m%;sodkh" Vout < 2 V fõ'
 Rref 
tneúka" Vref = 2 V f,i f;daruq' fï i|yd"    5  2 úh hq;= w;r" tuÕska"
 ref
R  3 
Rref = 2 k fõ'
(ii) WIaK;ajh 10 C g jvd jeä w.hl mj;sk úg" uq,a mrsm:fha m%;sodkh Vout > 2 V
fõ' Vref = 2 V neúka túg ldrld;aul j¾Olh (-) f,i ix;Dma; fõ' túg" LED(1)
oe,aùu isÿ fõ'
WIaK;ajh 10 C g jvd wvq w.hl mj;sk úg" uq,a mrsm:fha m%;sodkh Vout < 2 V
fõ' túg ldrld;aul j¾Olh (+) f,i ix;Dma; fõ' túg" LED(2) oe,aùu isÿ fõ'

10. (A) (a) (i) c,h u; whsia iEoSu wdrïN jk úg c,h u;= msg WIaK;ajh 0 C fõ.
(ii) whsia ;Ügqfõ ndysr mDIaGfhka msg;g ;dmh ixjykh ùfï iS>%;djh,
 Q 
   k1 A  S   E  fõ.
 t 1
(iii) 20  k1  1 0   10  uÕska, k1 = 2.0 W m-2 K-1 fõ.
(b) (i) whsia ;Ügqjg hdka;ñka my<ska we;s c,fha WIaK;ajh 0 C fõ.
(ii) c,fha isg wjg mrsirh fj; ;dmh ikakhkh jk iS>%;djh
 Q   0  S   Q   
   k 2 A   uÕska,    k 2 A  S  fõ.
 t  2  t   t  2  t 
(c) (i) ;dmh ikakhkh jk iS>%;djfhka u mrsirhg ;dmh ixjykh jk úg,
 Q   Q     k 
    fõ. túg, k1 A  S   E   k 2 A  S  jk w;r,  k1  2   S  k1  E
 t 1  t  2  t   t 
k1t
uÕska,  S   fõ.
k1t  k 2  E
k1
(ii)  S i|yd by; m%ldYkh,  S   E f,i ,súh yels h. whsia ;Ügqfõ
 k  k2 
 1 t 

>klu t jeä jk úg, S ys úYd,;ajh jeä jk nj fmfka. kuq;a S (-) w.hla jk
neúka t jeä jk úg, S WIaK;ajh wvq jk nj ikd; fõ.

A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics

Prof. Kalinga Bandara
Page 18 of 18

(iii) E = -10 C, S = -5 C, k1 = 2.0 W m-2 K-1 yd k2 = 0.67 W m-1 K-1 w.hka
2 0.67
5  (10 ) jk w;r, 2   4 uÕska, t = 33.5 cm fõ.
 
wdfoaYfhka,
2  0.67 t
t
 Q    (5)
(iv) S = -5 C jk úg,    k 2 A  S   0.67 1  10 W fõ. túg,
 t  2  t  0.335
 Q  ml
  ys wdfoaYfhka, tall j¾.M,hla u; whsia iEfok iS>%;djh,
 t  t
 m  1  Q  10
     2.99  10 5 kg s fõ.
-1
 t  l  t  3.35  10 5

(v) whsia ;Ügqjla "mrsmQ¾K fmdfrdaKhla" f,i l%shd lrk wjia:dfõ oS by< mDIaGfha
WIaK;ajh S = E úh hq;= h. tneka by; wjia:dfõ oS, S = - 10 C úh hq;= h.

10. (B) (i) 1. kHIaál ú,hkfha oS wvq ialkaO iys; kHIaá folla tl;= ùu uÕska nrska jeä
kHIaáhla idok w;r" kHIaál úLkavkfha oS nrska jeä kHIaáhla nrska wvq kHIaá
folla fyda lSmhla njg m;a ùu isÿ fõ'
2. kHIaál ú,hk m%;sl%shd wêl WIaK;ajhl oS muKla isÿ l< yels w;r" wvq m%fõ.
iys; kHqfg%dak f;dard.;a kHIaá yd .eàug ie,eiaùfuka kHIaál úLkavk
m%;sl%shd isÿ lrhs'
(ii) wdf,dalfha fõ.fhka jirl ld,hla ;=< oS .uka lrkq ,nk ÿrg iudk w.h fõ'
tneúka tys tallh ógr (m) fõ'
wdf,dal j¾I 1 = 3108365246060 m fõ'
(iii) iQ¾hhdf.a Ëu;djh P kï" mD:súfha tall fËa;%M,hla u; tall ld,hl oS
P
m;kh jk úlsrK Yla;sh i,ld" S  uÕska" P  S  4 r 2 fõ'
4 r 2
fï wkqj" P = 1.410343.14(1.51011)2 = 3.961026 W fõ'
(iv) iafg*dkaf.a kshufhka P  AT 4 jk w;r"
P 3.96  10 26
T4    1.1288 1015
A 5.7  10  4  3.14  7  10 
 8 8 2

tuÕska" T  1128.8 4  103  5796 K fõ'

1

(v) 411H  24He  2 10 e  Yla;sh

(vi) ialkaO ydksh m = [41.007825 - 4me] - {[4.002603 - 2me] + 2me} f,i ,efí' fï
wkqj" m = 4.0313 - 4.002603 - 45.510-4 = 0.028697 - 0.0022 = 0.026497 U fõ'
túg" ìys jk Yla;h s = 0.0264971.6610-27(3108)2 = 3.9610-12 J fõ'
(vii) 1 s ;=< oS ksmoúh hq;= Yla;sh 1106 J jk w;r"
H kHIaá 4 la Ndú;fhka idok Yla;sh = 3.9610-12 J jk neúka"
H kHIaá 1 la Ndú;fhka idok Yla;sh = 3.9610-12 /4 J fõ'
4  1  106
túg" 1 s ;=< oS ú,hkh úh hq;= H kHIaá .Kk =  1.01 1018
3.96  10 12
fï wkqj" yhsv%cka mrsfNdack iS>%;djh = 1.011018 s-1 fõ'

-
A/L Physics - 2019 Foundations of Physics
Prof. Kalinga Bandara