Review Paper on IOT (Please change title)
Airfendy Bin Azman, Divine , Fadila Binti Lazim, Nor Hidayah Binti Mokhtar
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA
40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Airfendy_a@yahoo.com,(email divine), fadilalazim@gmail.com, norhidayah_100@yahoo.com
Abstract - These instructions give you the basic guidelines
for preparing papers for IEEE conference proceedings.
Index Terms ­ List key index terms here. No mare than 5.
I. INTRODUCTION
Your goal is to simulate the usual appearance of papers in
IEEE   conference   proceedings.   For   items   not   addressed   in
these   instructions,   please   refer   to   the   last   issue   of   your
conference's proceedings for reference or ask your conference
Publications Chair for instructions. (example format)
A. Literature Survey
Over the coming years, IOT is expected to expansion
swiftly. One of the device can communicate with server and
mobile application is NFC. The literature on Interactive
Clothes based on IOT using NFC and Mobile Application has
highlighted several portions of the system has the potential to
recognize low-cost replicas, minimize the wastage of
resources [1]. Early examples of research into Using NFC
Tags and Smartphones to Design a Reliable Mechanism to
Pick a Child up from School is extensive and focuses the
RFID identification secured technology as in large enterprises
or large-scale monitoring applications [2]. Although, the
issue of most researchers investigating IOT Ethics Challenges
and Legal Issues have utilized in dissimilar technologies such
as RIFD, NFC, 3G, 4G, and Sensors [3]. Therefore, there is a
consensus among social scientists that NFC devices are not
physically fixed values, so it gives negative impact to IP
networking particularly connection continuity [4]. Thus, these
studies highlight the characteristics of link layer technologies
that are used at constrained node networks and ordinary use
cases of IPv6 over networks of resource-constrained nodes. To
productively implement ordinary IOT services, a typical use
case and consideration of several design spaces in IPv6 over
NFC [5].
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technologies
used for idiosyncratic identification of objects using RF
waves. More recent attention has focused on the provision of
key element for facilitation of IOT. A large and growing body
of literature has investigated a lightweight collision free
algorithm based on n-bit pseudo random number generator,
X-OR hash function, and rotations for chip-less RFID system
is presented [6]. What we know about the mobile RFID
service combines the RFID system with the mobile
communication system is largely based upon empirical studies
that investigate how the user can use the RFID application
service using smart phone. This service requires an RFID
reader that is mounted on a user's smart phone or is easy to
carry, and a device equipped with an RFID middleware can be
linked [7][8][9]. However, recent studies outlined by Sumra
Zeb and Hannu Tenhunen (2017) suggest that novel, low-cost,
dual-polarized slot or resonator based structure are important
to make device become flexible, compact and high data dense
passive chip-less radio frequency identification (RFID) [10].
The limited storage make RFID face many privacy and
security problem. Considering all of this evidence, it seems
that reconstruct some authentication data and propose an
improved protocol [11].
One of device able establish communication between a
computer and a Global System for Mobile communications is
GSM Module. There is a large volume of published studies
describing the role of data communication is through a
mobile network which is done by GSM system with respect to
time [12]. Using this approach, researchers have been able to
the result of this research is the implementation of home
automation system which involves control and automation of
home appliances through mobile application from remote
locations [13] [15]. Naseem Khan, Yasir Naseer, Imtiaz Alam,
Tasawar Abbas and Yasir Iqbal argue that GSM based system
installed to monitor and control flow with the help of
Graphical User Interface (GUI). By drawing on the concept of
two-way communication system, the GSM network is utilized
to profile with the help of SMS to showing it on the monitor
by using the GUI and can also communicate with the user via
SMS [14]. It can be argued that the adequate knowledge of
the prevailing atmospheric propagation conditions in an
environment is important and GSM signal strength variation
with weather and environmental factor which is uncertain, it
can be problems when utilization with GSM Module [16]. To
overcome that, these studies highlight the GSM module can
be replaced with IOT (Internet of Things) that known
extended-coverage (EC-GSM-IOT) [17].
There is a large volume of published studies describing
the role of applying wireless network and telecommunication
technology such as Wi-Fi and LTE (Long Term Evolution) to
IOT (Internet of Things) network system is popular for high
speed internet connectivity with smartphone or other device
that has Wi-Fi module [18]. One longitudinal study found
that the method used in monitoring and protection
mechanism using wireless communication via internet with
ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module which can be accessed through
website with cheaper cost compared other Wi-Fi module [19]
[20] [21]. This is supported by Sruthy S and Sudhish N.
George (2017) who content that the Wi-Fi enabled IOT
(Internet of Things) module processes the sensor based events
and sends the sensor status to controller section [22].
However, recent studies putlined by Pratik Waghmare, Mayur
Chandgude, Prafull Chaure and Abhay Chaudhari (2017)
suggest that to considering parameters like type of
communication, cost, technology and efficiency of system
when choose with different technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth,
EC-GSM-IOT, RFiD and NFC [23]. These studies clearly
indicate that there is a relationship between the devices that
devices operate using standard IOT protocols, such as
Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), MQ Telemetry
Transport (MQTT), and RESTful HTTP. Thus, TCP will play
a central role in Wi-Fi networks supporting Internet of Things
(IOT) applications to captures the flow and congestion control
dynamics [24].
Some others wireless connectivity in IOT applications is by
using Bluetooth technology. It is operating at frequencies
between 2402 and 2480 MHz, or 2400 and 2483.5 MHz. The
recent development in Bluetooth technology is Bluetooth Low
Energy(BLE). BLE is an extension of classic Bluetooth which
support ultra-low power consumption [25]. In BLE
technology, a convolution encoder is used to improve the
performance of range coverage.
II. PROPOSED WORK
A. Server and Client
Fig 1: Server block diagram
Fig 2: Client block diagram
The overall system is consist of two parts that is Server
and Client. Sensors starts sensing the matching parameters
when power supply is given. The data collected by sensors is
maintained and amplified to interface it with NodeMCu
system. At the same time the sensed values uploaded onto
webpage. Only the authorized user can login by using
username and password available, then the user can monitor,
access the data and control the machine through IOT.
Maintenance is one of the major issue in industry. The
voltage and current of induction motor was calculated by
using voltage sensor and current sensor. Power consumption
can be calculated by using the parameter from storage
webpage. This system has three different color signal which
is green, orange and red signal. Red signal for maintenance
required, orange signal for maintenance is require within 15-
20 days and green signal for no maintenance. When power
exceeds certain level then the motor gets automatically turn
off. Temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of
solvent and control the heater in the machine. When
temperature goes exceed certain temperature, the heater gets
automatically turn off. The data are collected by NodeMCu
and store into server. The webpage is used to monitor and
control machine using the data.
B. Microcontroller
1) Arduino: Arduino is a single-board microcontroller.
Arduino board designs are use a variety of microprocessors
and controllers. From the boards, it has sets of digital and
analog input or output (I/O) pins to read and write the
instructions in microcontroller. For the example, it’s able to
write inputs instruction such as timer to control the
movement of motor on output pint. Nowadays, Arduino also
has been used in many different projects and applications
because it software is easy-to-use and support runs on Mac,
Windows, and Linux. The microcontroller is use C and C++
language for instruction the microcontroller and it been to use
in many of different projects and applications. Arduino is a
new method to learn new things base on new technology.
Arduino is open-source hardware. Layout and production files
for some versions of the hardware are also available. Most
Arduino boards consist of an Atmel 8-bit
Fig 3: Electrical Inputs and Outputs (Arduino Uno Board)
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) is use to write code
and upload it into the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X,
and Linux. The environment is written in Java and based on
Processing and other open-source software. This software can
be used with any Arduino board or NodeMCu.
 Fig 6: The NodeMCu pin schema

3) Raspberry Pi: is a series of small single-board

Fig 4: Open-source Arduino Software (IDE)
2)  NodeMCU:   (Node   MicroController   Unit)   is   similar
function   with  Arduino  board  but  it  has  built­in support  for
Wi­Fi   connectivity,   and   hence   makes   IOT   application
development   much   easier.  NodeMCU   is   an   open   source
software and it cheaper than Arduino board. The System­on­
a­Chip   (SoC)   called   the ESP8266.   The   board   contain   all
crucial   elements   of   the   modern   computer:   CPU,   RAM,
networking (Wi­Fi), and even a modern operating system and
SDK. The board has a built­in USB port that is already wired
up   with   the   chip,   a   hardware   reset   button,   Wi­Fi   antenna,
LED lights, and standard­sized GPIO (General Purpose Input
Output) pins that can plug into a bread board. This board also
low­power   consumption   because   has   power­saving
architecture features.
computers developed seemlier like an embedded
microcontroller than a mini PC. There have several type of
raspberry pi such as A Raspberry Pi Zero and Raspberry Pi 3
Model B with have a different future. Some of them have Wi-
Fi and Bluetooth that has different capabilities. The
Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions
that feature variations in memory capacity and peripheral-
device support. Raspberry Pi is contained on a single circuit
board and features ports for, HDMI, USB 2.0, Composite
video, Analog audio, Power, Internet and SD Card port. It can
be operated with any generic USB computer
keyboard and mouse. It also can be used with USB storage,
USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device with
USB capabilities. Raspberry Pi are use Broadcom BCM2835
system-on-a-chip (SoC). It also use a 32-bit ARM1176JZFS
processor, clocked at 700MHz, and a Videocore IV 256MB of
RAM in a POP package above the SoC and powered by a 5V
micro USB AC charger or at least 4 AA batteries.

Fig 5: NodeMCU DEVKIT Board

Fig 7. Raspberry Pi Board

4) Comparision of Arduino, NodeMCu and Raspberry Pi

Parameters Arduino NodeMCu Raspberry Pi

Processor ATMega328P ESP8266(L Quad-core ARM

X106) Cortex A53

Operating 5V 3.3 V 5V
voltage
System 2kB <45kB 1 GB
memory
Flash 32 kB up to Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in
memory 128MB amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to
Programmi Wiring Wiring, C, Python C C++ Java confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If
ng C++ Scratch Ruby you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each
language quantity that you use in an equation. (example)
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