COMPARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE HEAT CHANGES CALCULATION

HEAT OF PRECIPITATION HEAT OF DISPLACEMENT HEAT OF NEUTRALISATION HEAT OF COMBUSTION

DEFINATION The heat released when 1 mole The heat released when 1 mole The heat released when 1 mole of The heat released when 1 mole of
of precipitate is formed from of metal ions is displaced from hydrogen ions,H+ reacts with 1 fuel is burn completely with
its aqueous solution its aqueous solution mole of hydroxide ions, OH- to oxygen
form 1 mole of water, H2O

DIAGRAM

CHEMICAL AgNO3 + NaCl  NaNO3 + Zn + CuSO4  Zn SO4 + Cu HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O CH3OH + 3/2 O2  CO2+ 2H2O
EQUATION AgCl HNO3 + NaOH  Na NO3 + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOHNa2 SO4 + 2H2O C2H5OH +3O2  2CO2+ 3H2O
CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa
+ H2O
IONIC EQUATION Ag+ + Cl-  AgCl Zn + Cu2+ Zn 2+ + Cu H+ + OH-  H2O -

HEAT RELEASED IN Heat released = mcθ Heat released = mcθ Heat released = mcθ Heat released = mcθ
EXPERIMENT =xJ =xJ =xJ =xJ
*m=total mass of 2 solutions *m=mass of the solutions *m= total mass of 2 solutions *m=mass of the water
NO. OF MOLE MV MV . MV Mass
1000 1000 1000 RMM

KJ mol -1 Negative value Negative value Negative value Negative value

ENERGY LEVEL Energy Energy Energy Energy
DIAGRAM
Reactants Reactants Reactants Reactants
ΔH ΔH ΔH ΔH

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COMMON 1.What is your observation in
QUESTIONS this experiment？
A:A white solid formed
2.Why the polystyrene cup
used?
A:To prevent the heat lost to
surroundings
3. Why the value obtained from
the experiment is less than
the theoretical value?
A:Part of heat has been lost to
surroundings
4.Write the ionic equation:
A: Ag+ + Cl  AgCl (s)
5. State the precaution steps in
the experiment.
A:
-stir the mixture solution
throughout the experiment
-pour the solution into the
polystrene cup quickly
- observe the thermometer
reading all the time to get the
highest temperature
6.Predict the temperature
change if experiment
repeated by using the same
concentration of solution but
double up the volume.
A: temperature change
remains the same.
1.What is your observation in 1. Why the polystyrene cup used? 1.Why the copper can used?
this experiment？ A:To prevent the heat lost to
A:A reddish brown solid formed
2.Why the polystyrene cup
used?
A:To prevent the heat lost to
surroundings
3. Why the value obtained
from the experiment is less
than the theoretical value?
A:Part of heat has been lost to
surroundings
4.Write the ionic equation:
A: Cu2+ + Zn  Cu + Zn2+
5. State the precaution steps in
the experiment.
A:
-stir the mixture solution
throughout the experiment
-use the windshield
- observe the thermometer
reading all the time to get
the highest temperature
6.Predict the heat of
displacement will be obtain
if experiment repeated by
using magnesium to replace
the zinc. Explain.
A: Higher.The magnesium is
more electropositive than
zinc.
A:It is a good conductor of heat.
surroundings
2. Why the value obtained from
the experiment is less than 2. Why the value obtained from
the theoretical value? the experiment is less than the
A:Part of heat has been lost to theoretical value?
surroundings A:Part of heat has been lost to
surroundings
3. Write the ionic equation:
A: H+ + OH-  H2O 3. How is the heat of combustion
change as the number of carbon
4. If the experiment repeated by per molecule increases?
using same volume & A: As the number of carbon per
concentration of H2SO4 , molecule increases, the heat of
predict the heat of combustion increases too.
neutralisation. Explain.
A:Higher. Because sulphuric acid is 4.Write thermochemical equation:
a diprotic acid and every 1 A: CH3OH+O2 CO2+2H2O
mole of it produces 2 moles of
H+ ions to reacts with OH- ions. 5. State the precaution steps in
the experiment.
5. If the experiment repeated by A:
using same volume & -stir the mixture solution
concentration of CH3COOH , throughout the experiment
the heat of neutralisation -use the windshield
becomes lower. Explain. - observe the thermometer
A: Ethanoic acid is a weak acid. It reading all the time to get the
ionises partially in water. So, highest temperature
part of the heat has been -do not use wire gauze
absorbed by the ethanoic acid
molecules to ionise
completely.