Q 1) The diameter of an air compressor cylinder is 140 mm, the stroke of the piston is 180 mm, and the

clearance
volume is 77 cm3. The pressure and temperature of the air in the cylinder at the end of the suction stroke and
beginning of compression is 0.97 bar and 13°C. The delivery pressure is constant at 4.2 bars. Taking the law of
compression as pV1.3 = constant, calculate for what length of stroke air is delivered, ii) the volume of air delivered
per stroke, in litres, and iii) the temperature of the compressed air.

Q 2) Steam at a pressure of 8 bars was tested by passing a sample through a combined separating and throttling
calorimeter. The mass of water collected in the separator was 0.25 kg and the mass of condensate collected from the
condenser after throttling was 2.5kg. The pressure of the steam in the throttling calorimeter was 1.1 bar and its
temperature 106.8 °C. Taking the specific heat of the superheated steam after throttling as 2.0kJ/kgK, find the
dryness fraction of the steam sample.
(At 8 bar, hf = 721 kJ/kg hfg=2048 kJ/kg
At 1.1 bar, ts = 102.3°C hg = 2680 kJ/kg).
Q3) The compression ratio in a diesel engine is 13 to 1 and the ratio of expansion is 6.5 to 1. At the beginning of
compression the temperature is 32°C. Assuming adiabatic compression and expansion, calculate the temperatures at
the three remaining cardinal points of the cycle and Ideal thermal efficiency. Gamma=1.4

Q4) In a simple gas turbine plant working on the ideal constant pressure cycle, air is taken into compressor at 1 bar,
16°C, and delivered at 5.5 bar. If the temperature at turbine inlet is 700°C, calculate i) the temperature at the end of
the compression ii) temperature at exit from the turbine iii) the ideal thermal efficiency. Take Ɣ= 1.4

Q5) Steam at 30 bar, 375°C, is generated in a boiler at the rate of 30000kg/hr from feed water at 130°C. The fuel has
a calorific value of 42 MJ/kg and the daily consumption is 53 Tonne. Calculate i) The Boiler Efficiency. ii) The
evaporative capacity of the boiler in kg/h from and at 100°C and iii) The equivalent evaporation per kg of fuel from
and at 100°C.
For water at 130 °C, hw = 546 kJ/kg, and for Steam at 30 Bar and 375°C, hsteam = 3174 kJ/kg.
hfg at 100°C =2256.7 kJ/kg

Q6) The compression ratio of an engine working on the constant volume cycle is 9.3 to 1. At the beginning of
compression the temperature is 31° C and at the end of combustion the temperature is 1205° C. Taking compression
and expansion to be adiabatic and the value of (Gamma) Ɣ= 1.4, calculate the temperature at the end of
compression, temperature at the end of expansion and ideal thermal efficiency.

Q7) The stroke of piston of an air compressor is 250 mm and the clearance volume is equal to 6% of stroke volume.
Pressure of the air at the beginning of the compression is 0.98 bar and it is discharged at 3.8 bar. Assuming
compression to follow the law pVn = constant , where n = 1.25, Calculate the distance moved by the piston from the
beginning of its pressure stroke before the discharge valve open and express this as a percentage of the stroke.
Q8 A single stage reciprocating air compressor of 180 mm stroke and 140 mm bore compressor air from 1 bar,
15°C to 8.5 bar. The mass of air in the cylinder at the beginning of the compression stroke is 0.0035 kg. The air
in the clearance volume expands according to the law pV1.32 = Constant. a) Sketch the cycle on a PV diagram;
b) Calculate the clearance volume and the volumetric efficiency.
For air R= 287 J/kgK.
Q 9) A turbo generator is supplied with superheated steam at a pressure of 30 bar and temperature 350°C. The
pressure of the exhaust steam from the turbine is 0.06 bar with a dryness fraction of 0.88. Calculate i) the
enthalpy drop per kg of steam through the turbine and ii) if the turbine uses 0.5 kg of steam per second calculate
the power equivalent of the total enthalpy drop.
For superheated steam at 30 bar and 350°C: hsup = 3117 kJ/Kg, hf = 152 kJ/Kg and hfg = 2415 kJ/Kg
Q 10) An oil fired boiler working at a pressure of 15 bars generate 14.5 kg of steam per kg of fuel burned. The feed
water temperature is 95°C and the steam leaves the boiler 0.98 dry. If the calorific value of the oil is 42 MJ/kg,
calculate the thermal efficiency of the boiler and the equivalent evaporation from and at 100°C.
For Steam at 15 Bar: hf = 845 KJ/kg, hfg = 1947 KJ/kg,
For water at 95°C: hw= 398 KJ/kg,
Q11 ) Steam is tapped from an intermediate stage of a steam turbine at a pressure of 2.5 bar, its dryness fraction
being 0.95, and passed to a contact feed heater. The hot water at 48°C is pumped into the heater where it mixes
with the heating steam. Estimate the temperature of the feed water leaving the heater when the amount of steam
tapped of is 9% of the steam supplied to the turbine.
For steam at 2.5 bar hf = 535 kJ/kg; hfg = 2182 kJ/kg
For water at 48°C h = 200.9 kJ/kg

Q12 ) In an NH3 refrigerator, the ammonia leaves the evaporator and enters the compressor as dry saturated vapour
at 2.68 bar, it leaves the compressor and enters the condenser at 8.57 bar with 50°C of superheat. It is
condensed at constant pressure and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid. If the rate of the flow of the
refrigerant through the circuit is 0.45 kg per minute, calculate 1) The compressor power, 2) The heat rejected
to the condenser cooling water in kJ/s, and the refrigerating effect in kJ/s.

NH3: 2.68 bar, hg = 1430.5 kJ/kg

8.57 bar, hf = 275.1 kJ/kg h supht 50 °C = 1597.2 kJ/kg.
Q13) In a Freon 12 refrigerator, the Freon leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at 20°C, and the evaporator
temperature is -10°C and the Freon leaves the evaporator as vapour 0.97 dry. Calculate i) the dryness fraction of
the refrigerant at the evaporator inlet ii) the cooling effect per kg of refrigerant iii) the volume flow of refrigerant
entering the compressor if the mass flow is 0.1 kg/s. For Freon 12: At 20°C hf = 54.87 kJ/Kg
At -10°C hf = 26.87 kJ/Kg and hg = 183.19kJ/Kg and vg = 0.0766 m3/kg