14031202 Circuit Theory Chapter 6

Inductors & Capacitors

14031202 Circuit Theory Practical Inductors

Chapter 6

Inductors & Capacitors

Prof. Adnan Gutub

Full Credit of theses slides are given to Dr Imran Tasadduq whom generously shared them for academic benefit
1 4

Chapter Objectives How Inductors Work?

• Know equations for voltage and current in an inductor; understand • Inductor stores energy in the form of magnetic field
how an inductor behaves in the presence of constant current, and
• When a current starts flowing in the coil, the coil wants to build up a
the requirement that the current be continuous in an inductor.
magnetic field.
• Know equations for voltage and current in a capacitor; understand • While the field is building, the coil resists the flow of current.
how a capacitor behaves in the presence of constant voltage, and
the requirement that the voltage be continuous in a capacitor.
• Once the field is built, current can flow normally through the wire.
• Be able to combine inductors with initial conditions in series and in
parallel to form a single equivalent inductor with an initial condition.
• Be able to combine capacitors with initial conditions in series and in
parallel to form a single equivalent capacitor with an initial
condition.
2 5

Course Learning Outcome (CLO) No. 4 How Inductors Work?

Chapters/Topics covering • When this inductor is connected in a circuit without any source, the
CLO2 energy stored in the inductor is released.
the CLO
• This released energy can be used, for example, to light a bulb for
Chapters 6 and 7 some time.
• When an inductor is connected to a battery (i.e., a dc source), the
An ability to analyze first order inductor behaves as a “short circuit”. The reason is that the current is
and second order circuits by Inductors, capacitors, natural response not changing and is constant, hence, no magnetic field is built up (see
of RL and RC circuits, step response of RL the formula)
applying electrical circuit laws and RC circuits

3 6

Instructor: Prof. Adnan Gutub 1

14031202 Circuit Theory Chapter 6
Inductors & Capacitors

Inductor and Inductance Capacitors

• Inductance is symbolized by “L”
• Inductance is measured in Henrys (H)
• Inductance is represented by a coiled wire

7 10

From Example 6.1 How Capacitors Work?

The independent current source in the
circuit shown generates zero current • Capacitor is like a battery
for t < 0 and a pulse 10te-5t A, for t > 0. • A capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of electric charge
Sketch the current waveform. Sketch the voltage waveform. • When a capacitor is connected to a battery, charge starts
Are the voltage and the current at a maximum at the same time? accumulating on its plates
Does the voltage change polarity? • Once the capacitor is charged, it has the same voltage as the
battery that was connected to it
• A charged capacitor can be connected to, for example, a bulb
without a battery and can lighten the bulb for some time.

8 11

From Example 6.2 Capacitor and Capacitance

The voltage pulse applied to
the 100 mH inductor is 0 for t < 0 • Capacitance is symbolized by “C”
and is given by the expression V(t) = 20te-10t V for t > 0. Assume i = 0 for t < 0. • It is measured in Farads (F)
Sketch the voltage as a function of time. • It is represented by two short parallel conductive plates
Sketch the current as a function of time.

9 12

Instructor: Prof. Adnan Gutub 2

14031202 Circuit Theory Chapter 6
Inductors & Capacitors

From Example 6.4 Series and Parallel Combinations

• Voltage pulse described by the
equations is impressed across the
terminals of a 0.5 µF capacitor
• Sketch the voltage and current as
functions of time?

13 16

Inductors Assessment Problem 6.4

The initial values of i1 and i2 in the circuit are + 3 A and - 5 A,
respectively. The voltage at the terminals of the parallel inductors
for t > 0 is -30e-5t mV.
a) If the parallel inductors are
replaced by a single inductor,
what is its inductance?
b) What is the initial current and
its reference direction in the Answers:
equivalent inductor? a)48 mH

b) 2A, Direction UP
14 17

Capacitors General Problem

• What is the equivalent capacitor seen below ?

Answers:

1.6 µF

15 18

Instructor: Prof. Adnan Gutub 3