THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND

SIMALUNGUN LANGUAGE IN PROVERBS

Lecturer: David T. Hutahaean M. Pd

Arranged by

Team 3

1. Ria Ambarita (16120442)

2. Sumarto Simaremare (16120444)
3. Ririn Sianipar (16120445)
4. Hotmaranyani Purba` (16120457)
5. Sannye Halaho (16120465)

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

NOMMENSEN HKBP UNIVERSITY

MEDAN

2018/2019
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH

English is an international language. It is used as a means of communication in most of

countries in the world. Without language, human beings cannot communicate with the other
people. English is also used to write many kinds of scientific papers. English language is very
admitted around the world. It begins to learn from elementary school till to college. As a
language franca English language plays a role for us to know their customs, cultural, and beliefs.
So, we have to know the language either locally, nationally, or internationnaly.

Language is every utterance we pronounce to convey message, information, and which

the interlocutors understand what we say. According to Wardaugh (1985: 3) says that language is
a system of arbitrary vocal symbol use for human communiation. It should be realized that
language is unique, having its own structural, cultural, and ,meaning system. It is including local
language in local area.indonesian society is known as a pluralistic society (nasikun, 1985: 30,51)
both horizontally and vertically. Horizontally there are social units based on etchnics, religious,
customary and religious different. Whereas, vertically there are differences between upper and
lower layers which are quite sharp in the form of browing socialization based on political power
and wealth. Refering to the opinion above, Indonesian society is multi-ethnic in nature, will one
of the ethnic group include in it is etchnic Simalungun.

Simalungun language is local language in north sumatera, pematangsiantar used by them

within. Simalungun is one of the tribes in Indonesia, north sumatera from many tribes in north
sumatera (batak Toba, Batak Simalungun, Batak Karo, Batak Mandailing Natal, and Batak
Pakpak. Ethnic Simalungun as one of the ethnic groups in Indonesia at first settled in the district
of Simalungun, but because of the opening of migrations to various other place in Indonesia, in
its development, ethnic Simalungun at this time already lived almost in every province of
Indonesia. According Koentjaraningrat(1980.278) the term ethnic refers to a group of people
who are bound to consciousness and that identity is often strengthened by national unity.
Nowadays, Simalungun beliefs such as proverb (umpasa in simalungun) is believed as culture
among them
 The writers would like to know THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND SIMALUNGUN LANGUAGE IN PROVERBS. Proverb is
one of the Simalungun’s culture as their beliefs. According to Christian N. Purba M. Pd in
simalungun language proverb or umpasa aima hagunaani laho padashon informasi, harapan,
tonngo, poda, pakon sinitta ni uhur. Lewat umpasa on lang secara langsung bani aha na laho I
pangido memperhalus ase lambin formal (sopan). Proverb is someone’s way to convey
information, wishes/desire, pray, advices and what we hope. Through this proverb, someone in
conveying it is not directly to soften so more formal or polite. Another states that proverb is a
group of words or sentences that express the intent, the state of a person or things that reveal
about, actions, behavior or things about someone (kamus besar bahasa indonesia).

Example of proverbs in english language :

1. Absence makes the heart grow fonder
Meaning: being away from someone or something for a period of times make you
appreciate that person or thing more when youn see them or it again
2. Action speaks louder than words
Meaning: what you do is more important that what you say

Example of Umpama in Simalungun language :

1. Songon lambakni galuh, marsiamin-aminan

Meaning: in other to respect each other and help each other
2. Songon manakih palia gunung, das singgan gutulni
Meaning: the struggle that unsuccessfull

Because of that, the writers would like study the proverbs between English and
Simalungun to get the similarities and the differences . so, the writers want to analyze both of
them
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH

The objective of this research is:

1. To identify the similarities and the differences between English and Simalungun in
proverbs

1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

The problem that is discussed in research is:

1. What are the differences and similarities between English and Simalungun in proverbs

1.4 LIMITATION OF THE RESEARCH

The discussion is limited on the analysis of proverbs between English and Simalungun.
The writers tend to limit this research is focused on THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
BETWEEN ENGLISH AND SIMALUNGUN IN PROVERBS.

1.5 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH

The writers hope that this research is beneficial for:

1. The readers
It will improve their knowledge about proverb, especially for batak simalungun (culture)
 CHAPTER II
RIVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

1.REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH

In this part the writers present related to theory

2.1 CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

The topic of this research is related to the concept of contrastive analysis. Therefore, the
writers think that it is necessary to define what contrastive analysis is

The various definition about contrastive analysis which is presented by some experts.
Namely, According to Sri Hastuti (2003: 45), contrastive analysis to discuss two differences and
two analyses the differences between them. Guntur Tarigan (1988: 23), contrastive analysis is an
activity which tries to compare the structure of L1 and L2 in order to identify the differences
between two languages. According to Sujoko (1989: 1), the contrastive analysis hypothesis is the
interfering effect of the first language on the second language learning and claimed, in its strong
form, that second language is primarily, if not exclusively, a process of acquiring whatever items
are different from the first language. Guntur Tarigan (1992: 50) says that at the level of process,
we acquaint two versions of contrastive analysis hypothesis.

2.2 REVIEW OF THEORITICAL

SOCIOLINGUISTIC

Spolsky (1998: 3) states ”Sociolinguistik is the field that studies the relation between
language and society, between the uses of language and the social structure, in wich the users of
language live”. According to Mansoer Pateda (1992: 3) provides a definition of sociolinguistics
as a branch of linguistics that studies language and language use in a cultural context. A
language person must pay attention to the cultural context in which he speaks. It is hoped that by
understanding the sociolinguistic principles every speaker will realize the importance of the role
of the accuracy of language selection in accordance with the socio-cultural context.
According to wardaugh (1985: 3) sociolinguistic there are many topics. Each topics
relalates to the society. Namely,ethnograpies, gender, varieties of language, ethnomethodology,
solidarity, words and culture, talk and action, language dialect, speech communities, and code.
The focus on this research is ethnograpies. is the analysis of communication within the wider
context of the social and cultural practices and beliefs of the members of a particular culture
or speech community. In ethnograpies contain proverb in culture society (main topic) in this
term.s

2.3 PROVERB

A.DEFENITION

Proverbs is a simple or short sentence that is usually used to compare something or real
truth, usually this proverbs aims to educate through aphorisms or also called proverbs.
Every culture has a collection of ideas that offer advice about how to live your life. These
sayings are called by proverbs. Example: Time is money = time is money. (Time is very valuable
or important, so people must use the best time possible).

B. CHARACTERISTIC OF PROVERBS
 Proverbs can be as short as two words. In addition, the full forms of popular proverbs are
often replaced by elliptical allusions.
 Proverbs use prosodic devices that enhance their memorability, especially Rhyme,
alliteration, parallelism, as ellipsis.
 Proverbs often use simple rhetorical devices, metaphor, hyperbole, paradox, and
personification.

C.KINDS OF PROVERB
 Aphorism. This proverb offers advice. Example; Don't go too far in small. (small issues
should not be exaggerated)
 Parable. That has a moral lesson and has parable Example: To carry coals to Newcastle
(Like throwing salt into the sea)
 Slogan (pemeo). This proverb gives spirit or motivation Example - Early bird gets worm
(God will give sustenance to His creatures who first wake up) - Diligence is the mistress
of success (diligent base of success)
  Idioms It is a phrase that has a group of words with different meaning from the meaning
of all the individual words. Examples: - Pull your sock up (improve your behavior) - You
can arrange your bedroom at will (as you wish) - Don't mention it (You're welcome)

D.SOCIAL FUNCTION OF PROVERB

 The program has a function to teach, enlightening, and persuading people.
 Proverbs play many roles in society. The most common role to educate on what might
happen if they do something.
 A proverb contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views.
 Proverb has been a powerful and effective instrument for transmission of culture, social
morality, manner, and ideas of people from one generation to another.
 The proverbs deal with knowledge, experience, hard work, and human relations.
 Proverb and provebial sayings have for centuries been equally popular with all nations,
despite their regional diversities, and crearly, for the impact the have made.
 The drivers can be used to tech people, give them some advice, help in difficult
situations, show people, the most important things in life, and show the proper way in
life.
 Proverbs are often used in personal interactions.
 Proverb can also be used mock someone or criticize.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Since the aims is to analyze the differences and similarities between English and
Simalungun . the writers would like to use qualitative data. According to Devy (1997: 76):
Qualitative research studies are designed to obtain information concerning the current status of
phenomena. They are directed toward determining the nature of situation, as it exists at the time
of the study. There is no administration or control of a treatment as it is found in experimental
testing. The aim is to describe what exist with respect to variables or conditions or situations.

Qualitative research presents the data and research in the form of qualitative description.
Analysis of this type is done with words to describe conclusions, so the qualitative study obtains
the descriptive data either spoken or written. Miles and Huberman state that such data are
supposed to be qualitative data. Qualitative research doesn’t focus on numerals or statistics but
give most attention to how deep the researcher’s knowledge toward the interaction among
concepts, which is being learnt.

3.2 THE SOURCES OF DATA

In this research, the writers took several books in library as data sources such as, books,
papers, internet and experts to analyze the contrastive between English and Simalungun in
proverbs. Simalungun book that is used namely: Uppasa & Uppama Simalungun by Salmon
Sinaga (2015)

3.3 TECHNIQUE OF COLLECTING DATA

Data collecting is a very important work in the research, so the writers determine what
method is used and most appropriate to get the data. The writers interesting to use
documentation. Documentation is one of methods used in qualitative research, which is
collecting data about things such as notes, newspapers, books, and so on. Document analysis is a
form of qualitative research in which documents are interpreted by the researcher to give voice
and meaning around an assessment topic (Bowen, 2009)
3.4 TECHNIQUE OF ANALYZING DATA

The last steps is analyzing data. Analyzing data becomes a step that is very crucial in
research by soy (2000: 85), soon after the data are assembled, the writers do the analysis. The
technique of analyzing data is the writers would like to use the content analysis. Content
analysis is a research method for studying documents and communication artifacts, which might
be texts of various format such as books and internet. There are five communication character
was made by Harold D. namely, who, says what, to whom, in what channel, with what effect.
The steps of content analysis are:

 Comparison of the same document message at different times. In this case, the analyse
can draw the conclusion
 Comparison of message from the same sources to different recipients. In this case, the
study of the influences of audiences characteristic of conten and style communication.

According to Christian N. Purba uppama simalungun has one of the simalungun’s

uppama is taur-taur (lays or to express feeling). Example, tik-tik bulung salendung tene
boto,soding bulung ni kasang. Also, it can express the broken heart, and advices for children.

Seng tarsibar daini loppah patar

(our condition for tomorrow can not be ascertained, it’s up to God, so don’t be happy you now)
Borasdo na madurus, parborason hot do
(a child just now born is died, but mother is helath)
Biakni buluh na sakabona marsiogosan
(it’s natural in sibling there is a dispute, but not a big fight)
Juppah I tano gerger
(because of dispute or revenge it is decided that the relationship will last a lifetime, if there is a
meeting later, both of them will die)
From the example above, the meaning tells us that each examples above have function in
every situations. According to Salmon Sinaga uppama simalungun may be met in party (usually
a formal uppama). When a newly married couple, parents from the woman and man often replied
or question answer in the party. Also, he stated that uppama simalungun can be met in
everywhere (to convey message). Simalungun also has uppama to expel birds in the fields that
considered as a bother. Before starting childrens’ competition, simalungun has a proverb to do it.
To covey message in order to protect the children from dangerous and okay during the
competition. Simalungun also has proverb that is made become a song’s lyrics and sung by
society within.

Can be deduced that proverbs in simalungun has a different position where will be used.
namely:

 To express feelings
 Broken heart
 When borning a new child
 Uppama which sung
 Convey message, information, and situation
 To pray the children when they face the competition
 Uppama enemy
 Uppama people death.
 Advices for the children
 Uppama in marriage

Proverbs in English is often found in any conversation as same as native speaker, from
every day conversation to big films and cartoon. It was approved in Tin-Tin cartoon.
Namely: I betcha you never think this previously after getting treasure form ballas
pirate. I guess we will waste it all in burg. a penny saved is a penny earned. so, what’s your
plan?

From the conversation above, we analyze that the captain use a proverb in conversation
by his crew. It shows proverb in English can be found in cartoon. According to Mieder (2004)
proverbs ia English is divided five types. Namely:

 Expression proverb
Ex: to bite the dust
 Comparison proverb
 Ex: as busy as a bee
 Interrogative proverb
Ex: does a chicken have lips?
 Pattern proverb
Ex: give and take
 Wellerisme
Ex: each to his ow
 CHAPTER IV

RESULT OF THE RESEARCH

After analyzing the proverb usage above, the writers would like to identify the
similarities and differences between proverb in English and Simalungun. By abalyzing data from
several sources, the writers have found that there are the similarities and differences among
them.

4.1 THE SIMILARITIES

In English the society within use proverbs based on the situation. The conversation above
have shown that they use proverbs based on the situation. Namely, between captain and Tin-tin.
Also, in English they use proverbs to express feelings.

4.2 THE DIFFERENCES

After analyzing the the data sources and categorizing each types, the writers distinguish
their differences when these proverbs are used. In England the proverbs are used to compare, for
making interogatime, and in the pattern. While in Simalungun uppama song, borning baby,
people death, message, and advices.

After analyzing these differences and similarities, the writers put it again in table in order
to be more detail. See the table below () as the similarities and (-) the differences

NO types English Simalungun

1 Express feelings
2 Convey message
3 People death
4 Marriage
5 Baby born
6 Advices
7 Film/cartoon/movie
8 Comparison
9 Interrogative
10 Pattern
11 Wellerisme
 
 
- 
- 
- 
- 
 -
 -
 -
 -
 -
 CHAPTER V

CLOSING

5.1 CONCLUSION

Proverbs is a simple or short sentence that is usually used to compare something or real
truth, usually this proverbs aims to educate through aphorisms or also called proverbs. In English
the society within use proverbs based on the situation. The conversation above have shown that
they use proverbs based on the situation. Namely, between captain and Tin-tin. Also, in English
they use proverbs to express feelings. After analyzing the the data sources and categorizing each
types, the writers distinguish their differences when these proverbs are used. In England the
proverbs are used to compare, for making interogatime, and in the pattern. While in Simalungun
uppama song, borning baby, people death, message, and advices.

5.2 SUGGESTION

From the explanation above, the writers hope this research is useful for the readers.
Through this research, the writers hope this research will improve their knowledge and
understanding foreign culture and local culture. Especially for simalungun society that has
difficulties to adapt and understand their culture.
 REFERENCES

Purba. C/2019/19/pematangsiantar/interview

Sinaga. S/2015/PEMATANGSIANTAR/medan/uppama&uppasa

https://www.pelajaran.id/2017/21/pengertian-peribahasa-jenis-jenis-dan-contoh-peribahasa.html

https://www.bobyandian.com/bible-topics/types-of-proverbs

Depdikbud. 1990. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

https://www.academia.edu/9656972/contrastive_linguistics

http://docplayer.info/52931020-Contrastive-analysis.html

https://www.google.com/search?q=googler+translate&rlz=1C1LOQA_enID786ID787&oq=goog
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275543802_Contrastive_Studies_on_Proverbs

https://lib.unnes.ac.id/2641/1/7210.pdf

http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/351/7/10210067%20Bab%203.pdf