COACHING
) Using the psychrometric chart,
SET 3 (Green)
1.) One hundred pounds of air per
minute are to be heated from 60F and
55F wet bulb temperatures to a final
temperature of 110F. There is no
change of total moisture during the
process. Determine the heat required for
the process:
a.) by the analytical methods
developed (1220 BTU/min)
b.) by use of the psychrometric
chart (1230 BTU/min)
2.) One hundred pounds of air pressure
at a temperature of 100F with a relative
humidity of 60% is carried and
dehumidified to a final temperature of
50F. Using the psychrometric chart,
determine:
a.) the heat transferred by the
process, (3150 BTU/min)
b.) the moisture removed, lb/min
(1.743 lb/min)
3.) 10 pounds of air at a dry bulb
temperature of 50°F with specific
humidity of 40 grains/lb dry air are lixed
with 25 lbs of air having a temperature
of 85°F and 90 grains/lb dry air.
Calculate:
A) the specific humidity of the mixture;
grains/lb dry air -Ans.75.7
b.) the dry bulb temperature; °F -
Ans.75.1
C) the enthalpy of the mixture; Btu/lb dry
air -Ans.29.9
4.
determine:
a.) the enthalpy, (29.9 BTU/lb of
dry air)
b.) the specific humidity, grains/lb
of dry air for the mixture described in the
example above. (75.7 grains/ lb of dry
air)
5.) The heat losses from a group of
compartments have been determined as
420000 BTU/hr. Air is furnished to the
compartments at a temperature of
100degF and leaves the spaces at
70degF and RH=50%. Assuming the
system uses 100% outdoor air at a
temperature of 20degF and RH=100%.
Calculate:
a.) What is the mass of air
circulated? (55,260 lb/hr)
b.) capacity of the preheating
coil? (735,000 BTU/hr)
c.) capacity of the reheating coil?
(690, 750 BTU/hr)
d.) mass of moisture absorbed
(308 lb/hr)
6.) For an air conditioning system such
as that described in this article and
illustrated in figure, the freshened air
(state A) has dry and wet bulb
temperature of 83F and 71F
respectively. The temperature leaving
the cooling coil (state C) is 45F, the
specific humidity after remixing is 51
grains/lb of dry air and the temperature
and relative humidity leaving the
conditioned spaces (state 2) are 80F ant
40% respectively. If the total sensible
and latent heat gain from the spaces is
240,000 BTU/hr, calculate:
a.) mass of air that can be
circulated (27,000 lb/hr)
b.) amount of moisture that can
be absorbed from the conditioned
spaces (38.6 lb/hr)
c.) fraction of air that passes
through the cooling coils (0.1372 lb/lb)
d.) air that flows through the coil
(23,300 lb/hr)
e.) the capacity of the
refrigerating plant required in the system
(33.6 tons)
8.) Calculate the following quantities in
lb per lb fuel of combustion with 50%
excess air using the same fuel analysis
in preceding article:
a.) the oxygen supplied from air
(4.8396 lb/lb fuel)
b.) Nitrogen accompanying
oxygen (16.0207 lb/lb fuel)
c.) air supplied (20.8603)
d.) water formed from combustion
(1.10142)
e.) carbon dioxide formed
(3.1767)
f.) total flue gases (21.8603)

7.) The following is the ultimate analysis 9.) An analysis of flue gases of a
of a typical naval fuel oil, ash and combustion process, percent by volume
moisture free: is as follows:
C=0.8663 CO2 -10%
H=0.1127 CO -2%
O=0.0019 O2- 8%
N=0.0028 N2 -80%
S=0.0163 (R = 51.63)
Total=1.0000 lb
Determine the following for "complete" 10.) A fuel oil has the following analysis
or "theoretical" combustion of air, in of an ash and moisture free basis and
pounds per pound of fuel. yields on burning, the following Orsat
A.) oxygen required for air (ans. analysis:
3.2264) Fuel analysis(lb/lb fuel) Orsat analysis
B.) nitrogen required for air (ans. C= 0.87 CO2= 11%
10.6805) H= 0.12 CO= 2%
C.) air required (ans. 13.9069) O= 0.002 O2= 4.5%
D.) water formed in combustion N= 0.02 N2= 4.5%
(ans. 1.0143) S= 0.06
E.) carbon dioxide formed (ans. Calculate:
3.1767)
F.) total mass of flue gases (ans. a.) mass of dry flue gas (16.69
14.9069) lb/lb fuel)
b.) mass of air actually supplied
(16.77 lb/lb fuel)
 c.) the required air for ideal
combustion (4.1117 lb/lb
fuel)
d.) The percent excess air
supplied (18.8%)
11.) The following data were observed
during an oil-fired boiler test:
1. Duration of test – 1hr
2. Steam delivered by the boiler –
200,000 lb
3. Average steam temperature at
superheater outlet – 760F
4. Average steam pressure at
superheater outlet – 600 psia
5. Feedwater temperature – 240F
6. Feedwater pressure – 700 psia
7. Fuel fired (dry basis) – 15,385 lb
8. Flue gas temperature leaving last
heat transfer passage – 450F
9. Dry bulb temperature of air supplied
for combustion – 80F
10. Wet bulb temperature of air supplied
for combustion – 70F
11. Barometric pressure at the test
location – 29.92inHg
12. Temperature of the fuel supplied to
burners – 80F
13. Ultimate analysis of an as-fired:
C- 0.8095
H- 0.1143
O- 0.0095
N- 0.0048
S- 0.0143
A- 0.0000
M- 0.0476
14. Volumetric analysis (Orsat)
CO2- 11.34%
CO- 0.71%
O2-5.06%
N2-82.89%
15. Higher heating value – 19,500
Calculate an energy balance for the
tested boiler.
a.) Energy absorbed by the water
and steam (209.9)
b.) Energy loss by the flue gas
(1567.3)
c.) Energy loss due to the
moisture of burning hydrogen
(48.1)
d.) Energy loss due to the
moisture of one lb of fuel
(0.05)
e.) Energy loss due to the
moisture of air supplied
(17.77)
f.) Energy loss due to incomplete
combustion (734.1)
12.) In a simple impulse stage, the
steam leaves the nozzle with a velocity
of 1200 fps. The nozzle angle is 15
degrees. The bucket velocity coefficient
is 0.88. Assume that the bucket
entrance angle and bucket exit angle
are the same. The wheel speed is 580
fps. The steam flows through the turbine
at 6000 lb/hr. Determine:
a.) The bucket angle (28.8degrees)
b.) The bucket work (19,610 ft-
lbf/lbm, 25.2 BTU/lbm)
c.) The power developed in the
bucket in Hp (59.4 Hp)
d.) The available energy (22,360
ft;lbf/lbm, 28.7 BTU/lbm)
e.) The diagram efficiency (87.7%)
13.) Steam enters a simple impulse
wheel bucket with absolute velocity of
450 m/s and relative velocity of 270 m/s.
If steam leaves at relative velocity of
230 m/s and absolute velocity of 105
m/s. Find:
a.) velocity bucket coefficient
(0.85)
b.) available energy (101.25
kJ/kg)
c.) bucket loss (10 kJ/kg)
d.) unused energy (5.5125 kJ/kg)
e.) efficiency (84.7%)
14.) The impulse stage of a turbine
receives steam at 220 psia and a
temperature of 420F. Under these
conditions the available energy is 38.5
BTU/lb, the nozzle bucket efficiency is
85%, and the absolute blade entrance
and exit velocities are 85 fps and 1350
fps. Assume that the stage efficiency
and nozzle bucket efficiency are the
same, calculate the following:
a.) enthalpy of the steam after
isentropic expansion for pressure stage
(350 BTU/lb)
b.) enthalpy of the steam before
entering the blades (1181.3 BTU/lb)
c.) enthalpy of the steam leaving
the blades (1183.4 BTU/lb)
d.) enthalpy of the steam leaving
the stage if negligible velocity (1187.1
BTU/lb)
e.) state of steam after the stage
(140 psia and 0.77%)
15.) The first stage of a 50% reaction
group receives steam with a negligible
approach velocity at a pressure of 300
psia and temperature 520F. The
available energy to the stage is 10
BTU/lb and the fixed blade efficiency is
96%, the velocity coefficient of the
moving row is 0.88. The reactive
effectiveness is 90%. The relative inlet
and absolute exit velocities are 146 fps
and 160 fps respectively. Assume the
stage efficiency is the same as the
combine blade efficiency and calculate
the following:
a.) the steam velocity leaving the
fixed blade (490 fps)
b.) the relative exit velocity from
the moving blade (492 fps)
c.) the stage work (8.96 BTU/lb)
d.) the combine blade efficiency
(86.9%)
e.) the enthalpy of the steam
entering the succeeding stage (1260.2
BTU/lb)
16.) To illustrate the effect of tip
leakage, it is assumed that the 5% of
the supplied steam delivered to the
stage of previous example flows past
the stage without performing useful
work. Assume there are no other stage
losses and determine:
a.) Stage work (8.26 BTU/lb)
b.) Stage efficiency (82.6%)
c.) Reheating due to leakage (0.43
BTU/lb)
d.) Actual enthalpy entering the
succeeding stage for a complete
velocity carry over (1260.6
BTU/lb)
17.) A propulsion turbine receives steam
at the throttle at 875 psia and 940F at
the rate of 100,000 lb/hr. After an
irreversible expansion process, the
steam exhaust at a pressure of 0.6 psia
with a moisture content of 10%. Assume
the difference between entrance and
exit kinetic energies is neglected,
determine:
a.) the work done, BTU/lb (481.5)
b.) the power developed, hp
(18,920hP)
18.) A boiler produces 250,000 pounds
of steam per hor at 1200 psia and
1050F from the feed water entering the
boiler 1500 psia and 300F. Fule oil
having higher heating value of 18,000
BTU/lb is supplied to the burner at rate
of 20,500 lb/hr. Furnace volume is 1500
ft3. Calculate:
a.) boiler capacity (314.1 MB/hr)
b.) factor of evaporation (1.295)
c.) equivalent evaporation
(323,750 lb/hr)
d.) furnace heat-release rate
(246,000 BTU/hr-ft2)
e.) boiler efficiency (85%)
19.) A converging-diverging nozzle
receives steam at a pressure of 380
psia and at a temperature of 480F and
expands at 50 psia. Assuming the
velocity coefficient of 0.98 for super
saturated throath condition. With an
overall nozzle efficiency of 92%
Compute:
A. actual throat velocity (1582 fpm)
B. mass flow rate for 0.5in diameter
(60.1 lb/min)
C. KE available at the exit nozzle
(148.5 BTU/lb)
D. velocity at the nozzle exit (2727
fps)
E. diameter of the nozzle exit (0.72
in)
F. length of divergent nozzle with
an included angle 12 degree between
nozzle side (1.05 in)
20.) The turbine delivers a work of 400
BTU/lb of supplied steam. When the
steam flow is 20,000 lb/hr. Calculate:
a.) Specific work (311,200)
b.) power deliver in HP
(3,143.43Hp)
c.) power deliver in kW (2344)
21.) A quantity of air undergoes a
reversible, non-flow constant pressure
process from an initial temperature of
400F to a final temperature of 50F. Find:
a.) the work done (-24 BTU/lbm)
b.) the change in internal energy
(-59.8 BTU/lbm)
c.) the heat transferred (-84
BTU/lbm)
d.) the change in specific entropy
(-0.1225 BTU/lbm-R)
22.) During an isentropic non-flow
process, the pressure drops from 60
psia to 20 psia. Air having mass of 0.1 lb
and an initial temperature of 280F. Find:
a.) final temperature (81F)
b.) Heat (0)
c.) internal energy (-3.4 BTU)
d.) work non-flow (3.41 BTU)
23.) During constant volume non-flow
reversible process which occurs in the
Otto cycle, 4 BTU of heat are added.
The cylinder contains 0.01 lb of air, the
initial temperature and pressure are
650F and 210 psia respectively. Find:
a.) final temperature (3450R)
b.) final pressure (653psia)
c.) work (0)
d.) change in internal energy (400
BTU/lb)
24.) Air is compressed in a cylinder
during a non-flow reversible polytropic
process form an initial temperature and
pressure of 80F and 15psia to a final
temperature and pressure of 285F and
75psia. The cylinder contains 0.01 lbs of
air and the area of the piston is 0.2 sq.
ft. Find:
A. Polytropic coefficient n 1.25
B. Work in ft lb -437
C. Final Temperature 745
D. Change in Internal energy 0.351
E. Heat transfer Btu -0.211
F. Volumetric displacement in
inches -5.78
25.) Air is heated is a non-flow process
from 540R to 1500R at a constant
pressure of 90psia. The air then
expanded isentropically until the
pressure is 15psia. Assuming constant
specific heats, determine:
a.) the heat transferred (230
BTU/lb)
b.) the work done (169.1 BTU/lb)
c.) the change in specific entropy
(0.2452 BTU/lbm-R)
d.) the heat transferred using air
table (240.1 BTU/lb)
26.) In an ideal Rankine reheat cycle,
operates steam at 1200 psi and 1060F
from the boiler. After expansion in the
turbine at 90 psi, the steam returns to
the boiler with reheat temperature of
950F. The condenser pressure remains
at 1 inHg. Calculate:
a.) pump work (4.1 BTU/lb)
b.) heat added (1770.7 BTU/lb)
c.) heat rejected (981.9)
d.) turbine work (729.9 BTU/lb)
e.) work net (788.9 BTU/lb)
f.) cycle thermal efficiency
(44.5%)
g.) average temperature (512F)
27.) A Rankine regenerative steam
cycle employs two stages of steam
extraction to Feedwater heating. Boiler
pressure and temperature are at 1200
psia and 1050F respectively. The
saturated steam at condenser pressure
has a temperature of 79F. Calculate:
a.) the optimum extraction
pressure, to the nearest pounds per
square inch (26 psia)
b.) the mass of steam removed at
each of the extraction points in pound
per pound of steam throttle
(Mass1=0.1522lb/lb of throttle steam.
Mass 2 = 0.1295 lb/lb steam throttle)
c.) work of the pump (3.4 BTU/lb)
 d.) the heat supplied to the
system (1145.5 BTU/lbm)
e.) the heat rejected by the
system of steam throttle (602.9
BTU/lbm)
f.) the turbine work (546.1
BTU/lbm)
g.) the net cycle work (542.6
BTU/lb)
h.) the thermal efficiency (47.4%)
28.) A Rankine regenerative reheat
steam cycle employs steam at 2000psia
and 1050F leaving the boiler. The cycle
includes one steam extraction stage for
feed water heating and one steam
reheat to 950F. The saturated steam
temperature in the condenser is 101.7F.
Compute the following:
a.) the optimum pressure
extracted for feed water heating
(170psia)
b.) the mass of the steam
extracted for feed water heating
(0.2372)
c.) pump work (6.6)
d.) heat supplied (1378.7)
e.) heat rejected (732.4)
f.) work of the turbine (652.8)
g.) work net (646.3)
h.) thermal efficiency (46.9%)
29.) A boiler consumes 16,800 bl of fuel
per hour when producing 210,000 lb of
steam per hour at 620 psia and 800F
from feed water at 650 psia and 300F.
The heating value of fuel is 18,500
BTU/lb and the furnace volume is 1250
ft3. Calculate:
a.) the boiler capacity (238.6
mB/hr)
b.) factor of evaporation (245,700
lb/hr)
c.) equivalent evaporation (1.17)
d.) the furnace heat release rate
(248,600 BTU/hr-ft3)
e.) boiler efficiency (76.8%)
30.) A fuel oil has the following analysis
of ash and moisture free;
CO2 – 0.85lb
H2 – 0.14lb
O2 – 0.00lb
N2 – 0.01LB
S – 0.01lb
For complete combustion with air,
calculate the following in lbs/lb fuel.
a.) Oxygen required from air
(3.32lb)
b.) Nitrogen accompanying
oxygen from air (10.98lb)
c.) Air required (14.3lb)
d.) Water formed from
combustion of hydrogen
(1.176lb)
e.) Carbon dioxide formed
(3.23lb)
f.) Total mass of flue gas
(15.3lb)
31.) Air at 45F (DB) and 41F (WB) is
heated and humidified at 72F (DB) 59F
(WB). To what temperature should the
air be heated before humidification?
(64F)
32.) Air to be conditioned from td= 39F
and RH= 80% to td= 74F and RH= 70%.
 a.) the temperature of should the
air be heated before humidification
(102.5F)
b.) how much moisture in grains
is added during humidification
(61grains/lb)
36.) Atmospheric temperature of 82F,
barometric pressure of 29.92 inHg and
partial pressure of water vapor is 0.3632
psia. Compute the dew point
temperature. (70F)

33.) A mixture of Helium and Nitrogen 37.) A room 14x16x10 ft contains

has a specific heat of 1 BTU/lb-F, atmospheric air at 72F. The partial
compute the volumetric percentage of pressure of water vapor is 0.2140 psia.
N2 in the mixture. (74.2%) Barometer is standard. Find:
Gas Cv a.) the mass of dry air in room
Helium 0.750 (164.7 lb)
Hydrogen 2.44 b.) the mass of water vapor in
room (1.51)
34.) Mass analysis of the following: c.) the dew point temperature
H2= .10 (55)
CO2= 5
N2= 85
Cp for room temperature of
H2= 3.42
CO2= 0.205
N2= 0.247
O2= 0.217
CO= 0.243

a.) find the specific heat (0.562

BTU/lb)
b.) volumetric analysis (H2= 61.1,
N2= 1.4, CO2= 37.2)
c.) partial pressure of N2 (5.47)

35.) A tank contains atmospheric

pressure 50 psia, air maybe 79.1
Nitrogen, 20.9 Oxygen. Compute:
a.) partial pressure of oxygen
(10.45psia)
b.) partial pressure of Nitrogen
(39.55psia)
COACHING
SET 2 (Blue)
1.) A split shaft gas has a power turbine
rated of 15,000 internal horsepower.
Typical operating conditions for the unit
are: compressor inlet 14.5 psia and 60F;
compressor discharge 174 psia and
716F, compressor turbine inlet 171 psia
and 1630F and power turbine exhaust
14.8psi and 760F. The compressor
turbine at the above rating has an 85%
isentropic turbine efficiency. For these
rated conditions:
a. Sketch
b. compressor isentropic efficiency 82%
c. compressor turbine pressure
and temperature 1434R; 34.06psia
d. power turbine isentropic efficiency
70.4%
e. compressor turbine horsepower
45980hp
f. compressor thermal efficiency 23.4%
2.) A split shaft gas has a power turbine
rated of 15,000 internal horsepower.
Typical operating conditions for the unit
are: compressor inlet 14.5 psia and 60F;
compressor discharge 174 psia and
716F, compressor turbine inlet 171 psia
and 1630F and power turbine exhaust
14.8psi and 760F. The compressor
turbine at the above rating has an 85%
isentropic turbine efficiency. For these
rated conditions: (using air table)
a. Sketch
b. compressor isentropic efficiency 80%
c. compressor turbine pressure
and temperature 1499R, 34.39psia
d. power turbine isentropic efficiency
93.4%
e. compressor turbine horsepower
33,300hp
f. compressor thermal efficiency 29.6%
3.) A turbojet engine is equipped with a
12-stage, axial flow compressor having
a mechanical compression pressure
ratio of 12 to 1. The engine is designed
to handle a 90 lb of air per second under
sea level static conditions and 116 lb of
air per second at a flight velocity of 850
ft/s at a sea level. Material design
consideration limits the temperature of
the working substance entering the
turbine at 2000R and 7950 rpm. The
ambient pressure and temperature is 15
psia and 530R.
a. Estimate the thrust, propulsion
efficiency, and thermal efficiency of the
engine. Assuming all the processes to
be ideal and the engine is frictionless.
For a flight velocity of 850 ft/s at sea
level. 5825, 51.3%, 55.8%
b. When the above engine is equipped
for afterburning. the nozzle inlet
temperature is 2500R. Assuming all of
the stated performance parameter is
remains constant. Estimate the thrust
with afterburning for a flight velocity of
850 ft/s at sea level. 8860
4.) Rankine steam power cycle
Boiler – 600 psia and 850F
Condenser – 1 inHg
a.) H – h1=49.4, h2=1435.4,
h3=890, h4=47.1
b.) Wp= 2.3
c.) Qa= 1386
d.) Qr= 842.6
 e.) Wnet= 543.1
f.) Wt= 545.4
g.) e = 39.2%
h.) Qa/deltaS = 426F (deltaS=
1.6559-0.0914)
5.) A geared turbine propulsion unit
delivers 35000 shaft horsepower at full
power with a shaft speed of 240 rpm.
The mechanical efficiency under this
condition is 95%.At 122 rpm, the unit
delivers 4750SHP receiving steam at
the throttle at 1250 psia and 940F at the
rate of 32.150 lb/hr, exhausting at a
condenser a 0.7 psia. Assuming
mechanical losses vary as the square of
the rotating speed. Find the 122 rpm
condition.
a.) the estimated mechanical
losses (475)
b.) the mechanical efficiency
(90.9%)
c.) the shaft engine efficiency
(64.1%)
d.) the internal engine efficiency
(70.5%)
6.) A refrigeration plant for air
conditioning system removes 10,000
BTU/min from air. The plant circulates
170 lb of refrigerant per minute. The
internal power delivered from the
compressor is 60 Hp, the evaporating
temperature is 40F and the condensing
temperature is 100F. Calculate:
a.) plant capacity (50 tons)
b.) refrigerating effect (58.8
BTU/lb)
c.) COP (3.93)
d.) COPcarnot (8.33)
7.) A refrigerating system requires 23 lm
of Freon-12 per minute and is assumed
to operate on a cycle similar to that of
the figure. The pressure in the
evaporator coils is 50psia, the
temperature of the refrigerant entering
the compressor is 50F, the pressure in
the condenser is 120 psia, and the
temperature of the refrigerant entering
the expansion valve is 86F. Calculate
the following:
a.) evaporation temperature
(38.3F)
b.) condensation temperature
(93.4F)
c.) refrigerating effect (56.52
BTU)
d.) tons of refrigeration (6.5 TOR)
e.) power required to compress
the refrigerant (3.83 BTU)
f.) COP (7.99)
8.) A cold plant using Freon 12 as
refrigerant is to have 50 tons in
refrigerant rating cycle. Determine the
following:
a.) refrigerating effect (54.48
BTU/lb)
b.) flow rate of Freon 12 in
circulation (183 lb/min)
c.) worknet of Freon 12 in
circulation (11.09 BTU)
d.) coefficient of performance
(COP) (4.91)
e.) worknet per ton (0.96 Hp/Ton)
f.) heat rejected (12040
BTU/min)
g.) piston displacement (5.57
3
ft /min-ton)
9.) A vapour compression refrigeration
system is to have an air pressure of 100
psia in the brine tank and an allowable
compression temperature increase of
60F. For standard vapour compression
cycle temperature of 77F entering the
expansion cylinder and a 14F entering
the compression cylinder. Determine:
a.) COP (3.33)
b.) m’ (14.4)
c.) volume flow rate (24.4)
10.) A simplified line diagram and T-s for
each one of the cooling capacity of large
aircraft are shown below. When it is
used for cooling in the ground, the
following Fahrenheit temperatures are
experienced at the numbered points to
the diagram….
1 2 3 4 5 temperature of 1340F expanded
t, F 342 142 252 145 35
For a situation where the axial flow rate
through the system is 65 lb/min, specific
heats of the air is assumed constant,
and the compressor and expander
processes are assumed isentropic.
Calculate:
a.) the heat transferred to the
atmospheric air supply,
BTU/min (4,789.2 BTU/min)
b.) the power developed by the
expander, hp (40.45 hp)
c.) the heat transferred … (bleed)
in TOR (23.95TOR)
11.) Refrigerating system
Capacity – 50 tons
Condenser pressure – 180 psia
Temperature leaving the
condenser – 120F
Pressure leaving the expansion
valve – 44psia
Temperature to the succeeding
coils – 40F
Temperature of cooling water
entering condenser – 110F
Temperature of cooling water
leaving the condenser – 115F
a.) mass flow rate 12,800
b.) Pcomp - 144,400
c.) heat rejected – 58.15
d,) heating capacity - 744300
e.) mass of cooling water -
49620
f.) heating performance - 5.15
12.) Air at a pressure of 60psia and a
isentropically to a pressure of 15psia in
an ideal nozzle. Determine the increase
in kinetic energy with 1 lb of air. (141.4)
13.) Air at a pressure of 60psia and a
temperature of 1340F expanded
isentropically to a pressure of 15psia in
an ideal nozzle. Find the velocity leaving
the nozzle. (2662 fps)
14.) Helium at k=1.66 and at a
temperature of 130C with a local speed
of 1500 m/s. Determine:
a. the local sonic velocity (1179.6)
b. local Mach number (1.272)
c. supersonic or subsonic?
(supersonic, Nm > 0.1)
15.) Helium with the value of k=1.44. the
Mach number is 1.0. Determine the ff:
a. T/To (0.7519)
b. P/Po (0.4881)
c. Density / Density o (0.6494)
16.) Air at a pressure of 60psia and a
temperature of 1340F expanded
isentropically to a pressure of 15psia in
an ideal nozzle. Calculate:
a.) type of nozzle
b.) critical velocity (1896)
c.) mass flow rate with a
minimum nozzle diameter of 0.5 in (8.9)
d.) maximum exit nozzle velocity
(2661)
e.) diameter of the exit nozzle
(0.553)
17.) A nozzle of a gas turbine at
pressure of 54 psia and temperature of
1480F, discharge at an impulse turbine
at pressure of 18 psia nozzle coefficient
is 0.97, determine the following:
a.) nozzle actual velocity
(2432.38 fps)
b.) nozzle efficiency (94.09%)
c.) KE (118.1)
18.) A converging-diverging nozzle
receives steam at a pressure of 380
psia and at a temperature of 480F and
expands at 50 psia. Assuming the
velocity coefficient of 0.98 for super
saturated throath condition. With an
overall nozzle efficiency of 92%
Compute:
A. actual throat velocity (1582 fpm)
B. mass flow rate for 0.5in diameter
(60.1 lb/min)
C. KE available at the exit nozzle
(148.5 BTU/lb)
D. velocity at the nozzle exit (2727
fps)
E. diameter of the nozzle exit (0.72
in)
F. length of divergent nozzle with
an included angle 12 degree between
nozzle side (1.05 in)
19.) A solid brick wall separates a room
the surface temperature of one room is
50C and the opposite room is 15C.
Thermal conductivity of brick is 1.32
W/m-C and the wall is 20cm thick.
Compute the heat transfer of the brick of
10m2 area. (2310 W)
20.) A typical furnace side wall is
constructed of a 1in layer of
diatomaceous earth insulating block and
2 ½ in high temperature insulating brick
faced with 4 ½ in. Firebrick with a 1/8 in
steel casing, average values of thermal
conductivities are: diatomaceous earth
insulating block, 0.063; insulating brick,
0.62; firebrick, 4.0 and steel casing 26
BTU/hr-ft-F. Average film coefficient are
3 and 2.2 BTU/hr-ft2-F for inner and
outer surface films. The wall area is
50ft2, the average gas temperature is
2100F and the ambient air temperature
is 100F. Find:
a.) U (0.394)
b.) Q; heat transferred by
conduction (39400)
c.) Calculate the temperature at
the interface between the insulating
brick and the diatomaceous insulating
brick. (1500)
21.) Calculate the temperature at the
interface between the insulating brick
and the diatomaceous insulating brick
from the previous problem. (1500)
22.) A high temperature steam line has
two layers of insulation. The pipe is
covered with a 1.5" thick asbestos for
which k=0.08 Btu/hr•ft•F. The asbestos
is covered by a 1" thick magnesia,
k=0.04. The pipe has an internal
diameter of 2.9" and is 0.3" thick. The
pipe has a thermal conductivity of 26
Btu/hr•ft•F. The steam is at 800F and
the internal surface film conductance,
hi= 40 Btu/hr•ft²•F. Outer temperature is
at 100F and ho=1.2 Btu/hr•ft²•F.
Determine:
a.) the overall conductance based on
the area of the outer surface of
magnesia coating (ans. 0.1659
Btu/hr•ft²•F)
b.) the heat loss of steam in the pipe if
L=180 ft. (ans. 46,516 Btu/hr)
23.) Calculate the overall heat transfer
coefficient where in the liquid carried in
the tubes is heated by steam which
surrounds them. The tubes are 5/8 in.
Admiralty metal with a wall thickness of
0.049 in. The steam surface film
coefficient is 1250 BTU/hr-ft2-F and the
liquid surface film coefficient is 20
BTU/hr-ft2-F 16.61 BTU/hr-ft2-F
24.) The internal diameter of boiler
generator tube is 4in, t = 0.375in. The
external film coefficient is 26 BTU/ hr-
ft2;F. A o.375in thick scale whose
conductance of 0.6 BTU/hr;ft;F is
deposited on inner surface of tubes.
Metal conductance is 26 BTU/hr;ft;F, the
furnace gas temperature is 2100F and
temperature of water is 500F. Compute:
a. overall coefficient of heat
transfer for clean tube 24.69 BTU/hr-
ft2-F
b. overall heat transfer coefficient
including the effect of the scale 9.18
BTU/ hr-ft2-F
c. external tube surface
temperature before and after the scale
has formed 1534F
25.) A counter flow cooler lubricating oil
with a heat transfer area of 258ft2 and a
mass flow rate of 60,000 lb of oil per
hour with temperature in inlet of 145F
and 120F discharge. Temperature of
water is 75F in inlet and 90F discharge.
Specific heat of oil is 0.5 BTU/lb-F
a.Calculate the overall coefficient
transfer 58.4 BTU/hr-ft2-F
b.area of heat transfer using the
same given, using parallel flow. 272ft2
26.) Given:
A- 1620ft2
Mass flow rate – 220,000 lb/hr
Entrance – 650psia ; 495F
Discharge 850F ; 630psia
Determine the operating heat transfer
coefficient using LMTD 29 BTU/hr-ft2-F
27.) A steam boiler economizer heating
160,000 lb of water per hour from 250F
to 355F at an average pressure of
700psia. A flue gas enters the
economizer at a temperature of 1400F
and leaving at 800F. The net heat
transfer area is 3840ft2 and a design
valu of 8 BTU/hr-ft2-F with a capacity of
253,000 lb/hr. Calculate the heat
transfer coefficient given these
conditions compared to the design
values. 4.66 BTU/hr-ft2-F
28.) Steam Condenser
Given:
Udesign = 486 BTU/hr-ft2-
F Oxygen. Calculate the analysis
LMTD – 37.2
Pdesign – 2.5 inHg
Vw – 40.050 GPM
A – 23,500 ft2
Trise – 18.3F
Texit – 90F
Tentrance – 71.5F
Psteam – 2.45 inHg
Answer: 609 BTU/hr-ft2-F
29.) The gas regenerator (counter flow
heat exchanger) of marine engine
something handles 1.8 kg/sec of air
from the compressor and it heats the air
by 1.88 kg/sec of hot exhaust gas. Hot
exhaust gas enters the generator at 593
degrees C and leaves at 310 degrees C.
Air enters the generator at 266 degrees
C. For this temperature range the
specific heat of the exhaust gas is 1090
K/kgK. Determine the ff.
a) The heat exchanged > 579.92
KJ
b) The temperature of air leaving
the generator > 586.6 degrees C (sa
solution ginamet na Cp = 1.005)
c) The temperature logarithm
difference > 19.5 degrees C
30.) The mixture shown in the figure has
a pressure of one atmosphere. Using
volumetric analysis shown in the figure,
calculate the partial pressure of the
individual constituents.10.287, 1.47,
2.939
31.) For the mixture shown above, 1-
Nitrogen, 2- Carbon Dioxide, and 3-
(percentage) by mass. mn2=64.47%,
mco2=14.47%, mo2=21.06%
32.) Determine the volumetric analysis
of a mixture which consists of 56%
nitrogen, 12% carbon dioxide, and 32%
oxygen which is based on mass
analysis. VN2=61.11%, VCO2=8.34%,
Vo2=30.55%
33.) Calculate the mass of moisture,
contained in the 4000ft3 of atmospheric
air at the temperature of 90F. The
barometric pressure is 30.12 inHg.
a.) if the air is saturated u (8.55
lb)
b.) if the relative humidity is 50%
(4.26 lb)
c.) the dew point is at
atmospheric air in B. (68.8F)
d.) the specific humidity is at
atmospheric air in B (105.3 grains/lb)
34.) An air has a temperature (dry bulb)
of 80 Fahrenheit and wet bulb
temperature of 69 Fahrenheit and
barometric pressure of 14.696psi.
Calculate:
a.)dewpoint temperature (45
Fahrenheit)
b.) relative humidity (29.1%)
c.) specific humidity (44.1 grains/lb)

35.) Calculate the enthalpy, BTU/lb dry

air, for a specific having a temperature
(dry air) of 80F and humidity of 42.1
grains/lb. (Ans: 25.8 BTU/lb)
COACHING A. Find the final quality 93.9%
SET 1 (Pink) B. Find the work done in Btu 228.4 Btu

1.) 24.)
2.) 25.) A propulsion turbine receives steam
3.) A pressure gage connected to the at the throttle at 875 psia and 940F at
inlet of a turbine reads 400 psi. The the rate of 100,000 lb/hr. After an
vacuum gage connected to the exhaust irreversible expansion process, the
of the same turbine reads 28.0 inHg. steam exhaust at a pressure of 0.6 psia
The barometer reads 30.1 inHg. Find: with a moisture content of 10%. Assume
a.) absolute pressure at the the difference between entrance and
turbine inlet (414.8 psia) exit kinetic energies is neglected,
b.) absolute pressure at turbine determine:
exhaust (2.1 inHg) a.) the work done, BTU/lb (481.5)
b.) the power developed, hp
4.) (18,920hP)
5.)
6.) 26.)
7.) 27.)
8.) Steam flowing in a pipe with velocity 28.)
of 100 fps. Find the associated kinetic 29.)
energy of steam flowing. (155.3 ft-lb) 30.)
9.) 31.)
10.) 32.)
11.) 33.)
12.) 34.) One kilogram of perfect gas (air) is
13.) used to operate a Carnot power cycle.
14.) At the beginning of the isentropic
15.) compression the temperature is 326K,
16.) and the pressure of 359 kPa. At the end
17.) of isentropic compression, the pressure
18.) is 1373 kPa. The isothermal expansion
19.) ratio is a (V3/V2). For the cycle,
20.) calculate:
21.) a.) the pressures,
22.) temperatures, and specific
23.) Four pounds of steam initially dry volumes (V1 = 0.2606 m3/kg, T2 =
and saturated expands isentropically 478.3K, V2 = 0.1 m3/kg, P3 =
with an initial pressure of 275 psi to a 686.5 kPa, T3 = 478.3K, V3 = 0.2
final pressure of 125 psi
 m3/kg, T4 = 326K, P4 = 179.5
kPa, V4 = 0.5212 m3/kg)
b.) the heat supplied (95.17
kJ/kg)
c.) the heat rejected (64.85
kJ/kg)
d.) the net work (30.32 kJ/kg)
e.) the efficiency (31.86%)
35.) Calculate the available energy in
BTU/lb, with a source temperature of
3460R, sink temperature of 520R and
an energy supply as heat of 100 BTU to
one pound of working substance. Then
calculate the reduction of available
energy for the same Carnot cycle in
which all conditions are the same as
before except that the working
substance is limited to maximum
temperature of 1960R. (AE = 85
BTU/lb, Reduction of KE = 11.5
BTU/lb)
36.)
37.)
38.)
39.)
40.)
41.)
42.)
43.) At the beginning of the compression
in an ideal combustion cycle using air at
a pressure of 15 psi and temperature of
75F and specific volume of 13.2 ft^3/lb
the compression ratio is 12 and with
heat addition of 176 BTU/min constant
volume and 176 BTU/min constant
pressure. Calculate the following:
a. Pressure and temperature at
the end of isentropic compression.
b. Pressure and temperature at
the end of heat addition.
c. Temperature at the beginning of
heat rejected.
d. Heat rejected
e. net work
f. themal efficiency
g. horsepower with 0.5 mass
44.) At the beginning of the compression
in an ideal combustion cycle using air at
a pressure of 15 psi and temperature of
75F and specific volume of 13.2 ft^3/lb
the compression ratio is 12 and with
heat addition of 176 BTU/min constant
volume and 176 BTU/min constant
pressure. Calculate the ff: Using air
tables:.
a. Pressure and temperature at
the end of isentropic compression.
b. Pressure and temperature at
the end of heat addition.
c. Temperature at the beginning of
heat rejected.
d. Heat rejected
e. net work
f. themal efficiency
g. horsepower with 0.5 mass
45.) In an ideal Brayton cycle, air enters
the compressor at pressure and
temperature of 14.5 psia and 75F. The
temperature at the turbine inlet is
1600F. For a maximum theoretical net
work, find:
a.) temperature leaving the
compressor
b.) pressure ratio
c.) net work
d.) thermal efficiency
If the end condition remains unchanged
and the pressure ratio increased to 15.
Find.
e.) net work
f.) thermal efficiency
46.) Determine
a.) the best intercooler pressure
b.) the temperature of air per kg
operating in a two-stage ideal cycle
between the suction pressure of
105KPa and the discharge pressure is
(1256kPa). The suction temperature is
25C.
47.) An axial air flow discharges 900 lb
of air. Inlet conditions are 14.7 psia and
50F, while the actual discharge
conditions are 162 psia and 648F.
Calculate:
a.) Sketch
b.) the capacity; ft3/min (11,557
ft3/min)
c.) the isentropic compression
efficiency (84%)
d.) the isentropic compression
power, hp (2558hp)
e.) the actual compression power
(3045)
48.)