7.0.

ACTIVITY: MASONRY

7.1 KNOWLEDGE OF ACTIVITY

A. CHECK PRIOR TO START OF WORK

1. Follow the latest “Good for Construction” drawings duly signed by the architect.
2. Cheek for any variations/deviations from the approved architectural and services drawings.
3. Use sit free (less than 5%) medium gritty clean sand for mortar.
4. Approved grade cement less than 1 month old should be used.
5. Ensure that all required tools, accessories and materials are available at the place of work.

B. CHECK DURING BLOCK WORK

1. The stones should not be soaked in water prior to use. However, a light moistening with water
may be done on the top and sides of the blocks just before placing of blocks in courses, so as to
avoid absorption of water from the cement mortar and to ensure development of bond with the
mortar.
2. Before commencing masonry work, the line out shall be carried out for the entire area using a
steel tape. The dimensions shall be checked with respect to Architect’s drawings hand any
discrepancy shall be brought to the notice of Architect.
3. The stone masonry shall be preferably laid in composite mortar with mix ratio as mentioned in
specification and drawing.
4. The mortar proportions shall be either 1:4 or 1:6 the mortar when mixed shall have a slump of
75mm.
5. The thickness of mortar joints shall be 10mm_both horizontally and vertically. The mortar
shall be spread over the entire to surface of the block; (over the front and rear shells and webs in
the case of hollow blocks) Mortar shall not be spread so much ahead of the actual laying to avoid
formation of a weak bond. The mortar shall be raked out from the joints with a trowel of each
course and is laid to a depth of 10mm to 12mm, so as to ensure good bond for the plaster.
6. The height of wall to be done in a day’s work shall be restricted to 1 meter.

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7. The first course of masonry shall be laid with greater care, making sure that it is properly aligned,
leveled and plumbed, as this will assist the mason in laying succeeding courses to obtain a straight and
vertical wall.
8. The stones for this course shall first be laid dry, (that is without mortar) along a string tightly stretched
between properly located corner stone’s of the wall in order to determine the correct position of the blocks
and their spacing. V/hen the blocks are set in proper
blocks laid back in place truly level and plumb. The string shall then be stretched rightly along the faces
of the two corner blocks and the faces of the inter-mediate ones adjusted to coincide with the line.
9. Thereafter each block shall be removed and re-laid over a bed of mortar. After every three or four
blocks have been laid, their contact alignment, level and vertically shall be carefully checked.
10. As each course is laid at the end J corner, it shall be checked for alignment and level or straight edge
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to make certain that the faces of the block are all in the same place. This precaution is necessary to ensure
truly straight and vertical walls.
11. When filling in the wall between the ends, a mason’s line shall be stretched from end to end for each
course and the top outside edge of each block shall be laid to this line. The mortar joints in the masonry
shall be cured for seven days. The walls shall only be lightly moistened during curing.

C. CARE AFTER MASONRY

1. After 7 days of curing of mortar joints drive a nail into the joint to test the strength of joints at random.
Also look for color variation in the mortar joints to identify’ problem areas.
2. Waterproofing plaster in case of retaining walls should be done for all external surfaces. Bitumen
touch-on and Thermocol protection is done before backfilling in layers and compacting.

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7.1.1. TOOLS TO BE USED BY TRADESMEN
Required tools must be available at site to ensure correct work. Basic tools of the masonry
gang are:

1. Trowels
2. Line don
3. Sand Sieve
4.Tube1evels
5. Plumb bobs
6. Measurement Tape
7. Spirit levels l-2m
8. Aluminum straight edge
9. Right angle
10. Chipping Tools
11. Masons Trowels
12. Masons hammer
13. Leveling threads
14. Masons brushes and buckets
15. Mortar boxes

7.2 INSPECTION METHODOLOGY FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE

1. The first course in masonary is the most important one.
2. Check if the erected wall is perfect free from cracks
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3. Using the tape measure, ensure, the diagonals are equal.

4. Check up if the corners are at right angles using the right angle template.
5. Check of joint thickness and strength after 7 days (nail test)
6. Check if proper storm water drains have been provided adjacent to per pheral retaining SSM
walls
7. Waterproofing all around / along the building and external masonry walls 50cm above and
50cm below ground level.

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7.2.1. TOOLS TO BE USED FOR QUALITY INSPECTION
1. Plumb bob
2. Spirit levels 3m
3. Right angle
4. Measuring tape
5. Related “Good for Construction” drawings