Question 1

1 / 1 pts
After learning the combination for his new locker at school, Milton is unable to
remember the combination for his year-old bicycle lock. Milton is experiencing the
effects of

source amnesia.

proactive interference.

Correct!

retroactive interference.

automatic processing.

Question 2
1 / 1 pts
Automatic processing and effortful processing refer to two types of
Correct!

encoding.

sensory memory.

short-term memory.

conscious awareness.

Question 3
0 / 1 pts
By consciously rehearsing the facts you need to learn in many separate study sessions
over the semester, you are most clearly taking advantage of

proactive interference.

You Answered

hierarchical organization.

automatic processing.

Correct Answer

distributed practice.

Question 4
1 / 1 pts
Ebbinghaus' retention curve best illustrates the value of
Correct!

rehearsal.

implicit memory.

sensory memory.

chunking.

UnansweredQuestion 5
0 / 1 pts
Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that

information that is automatically processed is rarely forgotten.

Correct Answer

the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning.

our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited.

working memory's central executive focuses attention.

Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Explicit memory of personally experienced events is known as

procedural memory.

semantic memory.

Correct!

episodic memory.

context-dependent memory.

Question 7
0 / 1 pts
In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus, two groups of observers were asked how fast two
cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly
descriptive word smashed in relation to the accident later recalled
You Answered
the details of the accident with vivid accuracy.

that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated.

that the drivers of the vehicles were males.

Correct Answer

glass fragments at the scene of the accident.

Question 8
1 / 1 pts
Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he
heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory.
Correct!

flashbulb

implicit

procedural

nondeclarative

Question 9
0 / 1 pts
Karl and Dee had a joyful wedding ceremony and reception. After their painful divorce,
however, they began to remember the wedding as a somewhat hectic and unpleasant
event. Their recollections best illustrate the nature of
anterograde amnesia.

You Answered

repression.

proactive interference.

Correct Answer

memory construction.

Question 10
1 / 1 pts
Our immediate short-term memory for new material is limited to roughly ________ bits
of information.

12

24

Correct!

Question 11
1 / 1 pts
Repeating someone's name several times shortly after being introduced to that person
is an effective strategy for
chunking.

automatic processing.

Correct!

rehearsal.

implicit memory.

UnansweredQuestion 12
0 / 1 pts
Research on young children's false eyewitness recollections has indicated that

children are less susceptible to source amnesia than adults.

Correct Answer

it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably

separate the children's true memories from false memories.

all of these statements are true.

children are no more susceptible to the misinformation effect than adults.

Question 13
1 / 1 pts
The hippocampus and brain cortex display simultaneous activity rhythms during sleep.
This appears to be an indication of
Correct!
memory consolidation.

priming.

the serial position effect.

the encoding specificity principle.

Question 14
0 / 1 pts
The letters Y, M, O, M, R, E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to
spell the word “MEMORY.” This provides an illustration of

the spacing effect.

automatic processing.

You Answered

mnemonics.

Correct Answer

chunking.

UnansweredQuestion 15
0 / 1 pts
Unconsciously encoding incidental information regarding space, time, and frequency
best illustrates

mnemonics.
Correct Answer

automatic processing.

working memory.

the spacing effect.

UnansweredQuestion 16
0 / 1 pts
Watching a TV soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall
several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the TV
program on Andrea's recall provides an example of

the serial position effect.

memory consolidation.

implicit memory.

Correct Answer

priming.

UnansweredQuestion 17
0 / 1 pts
When retrieving memories of a past event, we often fill in memory gaps with guesses
about details. The fact that these guessed details are then incorporated into our
memory of that event is most relevant to appreciating the importance of
proactive interference.

anterograde amnesia.

Correct Answer

memory construction.

automatic processing.

UnansweredQuestion 18
0 / 1 pts
Which measure of memory is used on a test that requires matching glossary terms with
their correct definitions?

rehearsal

recall

relearning

Correct Answer

recognition

UnansweredQuestion 19
0 / 1 pts
Which measure of memory retention is used by fill-in-the-blank test questions?

relearning
recognition

rehearsal

Correct Answer

recall

UnansweredQuestion 20
0 / 1 pts
Which of the following outlines the sequence of the Atkinson and Shiffrin three-stage
model of memory?
Correct Answer

sensory memory → short-term memory → long-term memory

short-term memory → working memory → long-term memory

working memory → short-term memory → sensory memory

short-term memory → sensory memory → long-term memory

Quiz Score: 8 out of 20

Question 1
1 / 1 pts
After one chimpanzee sees a second chimp open a box that contains a food reward, the
first animal opens a similar box with great speed. This best illustrates

higher-order conditioning.

spontaneous recovery.

respondent behavior.

Correct!

observational learning.

Question 2
1 / 1 pts
An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a(n)

conditioned stimulus.

unconditioned stimulus.

Correct!

reinforcement.

operant behavior.

Question 3
1 / 1 pts
Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called
a(n)

conditioned stimulus.

unconditioned stimulus.

positive reinforcer.

Correct!

negative reinforcer.

Question 4
1 / 1 pts
A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they
were eating a delicious, mouth-watering meal. Later, when Gavin was given a tour of
the property, he drooled with delight. For Gavin, the lakeshore property was a

US.

Correct!

CS.

UR.

CR.

Question 5
1 / 1 pts
A response is learned most rapidly and is most resistant to extinction if it is acquired
under conditions of
Correct!

continuous reinforcement followed by partial reinforcement.

primary reinforcement followed by secondary reinforcement.

partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement.

secondary reinforcement followed by primary reinforcement.

Question 6
1 / 1 pts
Asking potential partners for a date is most likely to be reinforced on a ________
schedule.

fixed-interval

fixed-ratio

variable-interval

Correct!

variable-ratio

Question 7
1 / 1 pts
At one time Jimmy was scared of dogs because he was bitten by one. With subsequent
repeated exposure to tame dogs in safe settings, however, his fear of dogs has
gradually faded. Jimmy's diminishing fear of dogs best illustrates

higher-order conditioning.

spontaneous recovery.

Correct!

extinction.

acquisition.

Question 8
1 / 1 pts
Children often imitate behaviors seen in the media. This best illustrates the impact of
Correct!

modeling.

latent learning.

instinctive drift.

fixed-interval reinforcement schedules.

Question 9
1 / 1 pts
Dan and Joel, both 4-year-olds, have seen all the Spiderman movies. Joel's mother
recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try jumping across to the
next roof. What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

instinctive drift

Correct!

observational learning

immediate reinforcement

classical conditioning

Question 10
1 / 1 pts
Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

UR; CR

CS; UR

US; UR

Correct!

CS; US

Question 11
1 / 1 pts
Last year, Dr. Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to
administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following
processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she
smells rubbing alcohol?

cognitive learning

Correct!

classical conditioning

observational learning

operant conditioning

Question 12
1 / 1 pts
Mason, a stockbroker, runs two miles every day after work because it reduces his level
of stress. Mason's running habit is maintained by a ________ reinforcer.

positive

Correct!

negative

conditioned

partial

Question 13
1 / 1 pts
Myron quit gambling after he lost over a thousand dollars betting on horse races. This
best illustrates the effects of

negative reinforcers.

shaping.

spontaneous recovery.

Correct!

punishment.

Question 14
1 / 1 pts
On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop
quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying
for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

fixed-interval

fixed-ratio

Correct!

variable-interval

variable-ratio

Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Our capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with our changing world is known
as

learning.

cognition.

association.

Correct!

adaptability.

Question 16
1 / 1 pts
Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone. Paul is paid $1.00 for every
five calls he makes, while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells,
regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a
________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

variable-ratio; fixed-ratio

Correct!

fixed-ratio; variable-ratio

fixed-ratio; variable-interval

fixed-interval; variable-ratio
Question 17
1 / 1 pts
Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are

designed to evoke respondent behavior.

interspersed with punishers to speed the process of learning.

Correct!

used to guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior.

given on a variable-ratio schedule.

Question 18
1 / 1 pts
Taking away the driver's license of a reckless teen driver is intended to serve as a

negative reinforcement.

positive reinforcement.

Correct!

negative punishment.

positive punishment.

Question 19
1 / 1 pts
The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal
an unconditioned stimulus is called

acquisition.

Correct!

discrimination.

generalization.

spontaneous recovery.

Question 20
1 / 1 pts
When Jake is with his girlfriend, he feels so in love, happy, and content. Because he
and his girlfriend text and talk on the phone frequently throughout the day, Jake has set
up a special ring tone for his girlfriend. Now, when he hears the ring tone, he feels
happy and content. Which of the following is the unconditioned stimulus in this
example?
Correct!

Jake's girlfriend

feeling in love, happy, and content

Jake's phone

the ring tone

Quiz Score: 20 out of 20

Question 1
1 / 1 pts
A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an
experiment is called a

wording effect.

correlation coefficient.

placebo effect.

Correct!

confounding variable.

Question 2
1 / 1 pts
A hypothesis is a(n)

observable relationship between specific independent and dependent variables.

Correct!

testable prediction that gives direction to research.

set of principles that organizes observations and explains newly discovered facts.

unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological

functioning.

Question 3
1 / 1 pts
Assessing how well one variable predicts another variable is to _________ as detecting
cause-effect relationships between different variables is to _________.
naturalistic observation; case studies

descriptive methods; correlational methods

a control group; an experimental group

Correct!

correlational research; experimental research

Question 4
1 / 1 pts
A theory is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that ________
observations and ________ behaviors or events.

questions; surveys

replicates; controls

Correct!

organizes; predicts

randomly samples; randomly assigns

Question 5
1 / 1 pts
Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which
participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which
have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of
naturalistic observation.

random sampling.

Correct!

the double-blind procedure.

replication.

Question 6
1 / 1 pts
If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +0.85,
this would indicate that

there is very little statistical relationship between weight and reading ability among
children.

low body weight has a negative effect on the reading abilities of children.

Correct!

better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children.

body weight has no causal influence on the reading abilities of children.

Question 7
1 / 1 pts
In an experimental study of the impact of exposure to criticism on self-esteem, exposure
to criticism would be the ________ variable.

replicated
dependent

confounding

Correct!

independent

Question 8
1 / 1 pts
In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic
beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a

dependent variable.

replication.

Correct!

placebo.

double blind.

Question 9
1 / 1 pts
Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on
sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these
findings?

naturalistic observation
Correct!

replication

random sampling

the case study

Question 10
1 / 1 pts
Professor Smith told one class that drinking alcohol has been found to increase sexual
desire. He informed another class that drinking alcohol has been found to reduce sexual
appetite. The fact that neither class was surprised by the information they received best
illustrates the power of

cause-effect conclusions.

Correct!

hindsight bias.

replication.

the placebo effect.

Question 11
1 / 1 pts
Researchers use experiments rather than other research methods in order to isolate

facts from theories.

Correct!

causes from effects.

case studies from surveys.

random samples from representative samples.

Question 12
1 / 1 pts
The case study is a research method in which
Correct!

a single individual or group is studied in great depth.

a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their opinions or behaviors.

organisms are carefully observed in a laboratory environment.

an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect behavior.

Question 13
0 / 1 pts
To accurately generalize study results, researchers need
You Answered

a good population base.

a highly reliable survey.

naturalistic observation.

Correct Answer

a representative sample.

Question 14
1 / 1 pts
To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give
one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To
reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the
other group, the researchers should make use of
Correct!

random assignment.

the double-blind procedure.

naturalistic observation.

operational definitions.

Question 15
1 / 1 pts
Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship
between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?
Correct!

the survey
naturalistic observation

the case study

experimentation

Quiz Score: