Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The world values education as a person’s identity and ability. “To ensure continued

growth of knowledge economy, the government is conscious on the need of education to

improve.” (O’Dubshlainè, 2006). The leading countries immensly alot huge percentage of their

budget on conducting research and implementing practices that has a direct relationship with

teaching-learning skill. “Influential, exalted, and brilliant. These are three words that describe the

greatest universities in the world” (Campbell, 2007). Here in the Philippines, we nurture our

education system as much as we foster students. “The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and

12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School,

and two years of Senior High School [SHS])” (DepED, 2013). Being the last country in Asia to

implement K-12, the Philippines has made its way to catch up with other countries. “Changes

within the education system have been constantly implemented by the Department of Education

to adopt Philippine educational system to the needs and demands of globalization.” (Lacorte,

2011). Changes in the curriculum has affected the computation of grades. For students, this has

signaled an amend in study habits. Where speciality of skills is observed and given attention.

Essentially, it is not only the education system that has experienced modernization. But the

technology as well. “The advent of new technologies and social media, students are finding it

increasingly difficult to focus and study effectively.” (Lucanus, 2018). Due to advancement,

different purposes are expressed which lead to fluctuation of performance of learners. Though,

some found way to improve the quality of understanding. “learning and cognitive styles of
students serve as their starting point for creating group-appropriate instruction. It states that there

are two different types of learners. Active learners tend to gather and understand information

best if they angage with it actively by trying things out. While reflective learners pursue the

principle “Let me first think carefully about it. Sensual-Intuitive learners tend to do well in

learning facts and following approaches or procedures when solving problems. Visual-Verbal

learners remember more of that they have seen. Sequential-Global learners tend to understand

better by learning in logical linear steps” (Lehmann, 2012). In addition, learning styles of

students are greatly affected by their practitioners. “Instructors help student digest learning by

assigning homeworks, encouraging good study habits, teaching proper time management for

studying, and generally exhorting students to “work hard.” (YU, 2011).

This study took place at Calamba Institute Senior High School Department (CI) during

first semester. CI is a private school with 2 campuses around the region (Calamba Institute and

Calamba Institute-Canlubang). It offers education from Kindergarten up to Senior High School.

Among the schools of the vicinity, Calamba Institute has been one of the leaders in producing

UPCAT passers.

Most students have different learning styles that affect their academic performance. Study

habits may vary but their main goal is to improve their academic performance. These practices

include listening to music while studying, highlighting the important words on a book and

reading the books and list notes. These are some of the strategies that may affect their academic

performance.

The research focuses on how different approaches of study habits affects the academic

performance of the students; and its effectiveness on learners. Though, some studying habit may
be a distraction on students like listening to music, for noise can distract the learning ability of a

person who is not used on the given measure.

Our study aims determine the varying behavior of students and how these factors affect

studying habits that is reflected on student’s academic excellence and performance.

This study aims to examine the effects of study habits on the academic performance of

selected senior highschool of calamba institute to help students maximize the learning process

and to improve their ability to better retain reading material. This study also seeks to investigate

the possible relationship of study habits and how it enhances good grades in improving the

academic performance of students. And also, this study aims to know how student can acquire

effective study habits to improve academic performance and how environment and time

management affect the academic performance of students.

A. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored on, Theory of Educational Productivity proposed by Herbert

Walberg, et al. Cognitive Learning Theory proposed by Jiane Piaget. And Discovery Learning

Theory proposed by Jerome Bruner.

The first theory, Theory of Educational Productivity, proposed by Herbert Walberg, et al.

focuses on the different learning characteristics that may affect the student's academic

performance in school like the social, behavioral, metacognitive and cognitive. According to

Walberg's theory, social-emotional learning program like self-regulated in studying will help a

student to improve their academic performance. Being confident and organized has a big impact

to improve the academic performance of the student. Walberg's theory of education explains that
every students have their own way to improve their academic performance. This theory

emphasize the different factors that affect student's learning style and its effect on the academic

performance. Most of the students have their ways to gain knowledge and in accordance with the

theory the social, psychological and behavioral affects the student's academic performance. In

relationship with the study, the way to improve the student's academic performance is to have a

good studying habits that can help them to comprehend with the new information that they read.

Having a good mindset and confidence is one of the major factors to improve the academic

performance of students. It is better to have a good studying habits like having an organized

works and outlines so that there will be a bigger chance to comprehend with the study.

The second theory, Cognitive Learning Theory, proposed by Jiane Piaget, attempts to

explain a human behavior by understanding their thoughts. It also states that one’s mental

processes are influenced by internal and external factors. These includes observing, categorizing,

and forming generalizations about our environment. In addition, the theory tackles the capability

of motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. In accordance to our

topic, we would like to determine how these factors affects the academic performance of a

student.

The third theory, Discovery Learning Theory, proposed by Jerome Bruner, states that

learning comes from problem-solving situation where the learner decodes or draws on his past

experience and existing intelligence to discover knowledge and truths to be learned. It also

emphasizes that students acquire skills by exploring and manipulating objects, wrestling with

controversies, and performing experiments. In relation with our topic, we would like to

determine how self and lesson discovery constitutes a learner’s mind.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Age  Gathering Data from

 To know the
 Gender Survey
Effectiveness of
 Time Management Questionnaire
different Study
 Concentration Habits on the
 Hours of Sleep  Analyzing the
Academic
 Hours of Reading Gathered Data
Performance of
 Writing notes and Students
reviewer

B. Statement of the Problem

The investigator aims to determine the practices bonded with academic performance that

Senior High School Student of Calamba Institute uses on their first semester s.y. 2019-2020. It is

a concern within the vicinity of the campus involving the learners.

Specific Problem:

1. How does technologies affects the study habits of students?

2. What are the effects of different learning styles in academic performance of students?

3. How these different learning styles affect the confidence of students in achieving

academic excellence?

C. Scope and Delimitation

D. Significance of the Study

E. Definition of Terms

References: https://collegepuzzle.stanford.edu/poor-study-habits-negatively-impact-grades/

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542718.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2SuRCN-

SBHSlclpJhNS_OQNhRisO6BD3lAO4daEgghM8K-Z7df9Wmr-dM

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ955535.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1LgrnDM3nnI7GWWa70jYZTKc2k

PKVCBSZPREseFU3fzghAwp_6deU98d0

https://www.tcd.ie/Economics/assets/pdf/SER/2006/Aibhistin_O_Dubhslaine.pdf

http://nfl.packers.com/fan_zone/contests/badger_mutual_essay_contest/essay061119.pdf

https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/k-12/