4

Module 14

Science and Health

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

A DepEd-BEAM Distance Learning Program supported by the Australian Agency for International Development
 To the Learner

Man needs food. Food provides man with energy in order

to stay healthy and strong. Our body cannot use this energy
from food unless it is changed and broken down into soluble
form.
This module is focused on the parts of the body that help
in digestion and how food is broken down.

Let’s Learn This

Identify the digestive system, its major parts and its

function.

Let’s Try This

Encircle the letter that has the correct answer.

1. We use our mouth when we eat our food. Where do you
think digestion begins?
a. stomach b. mouth c. anus

2. Where are the undigested foods stored temporarily?

a. stomach b. anus c. large intestine

3. Digestion is finally completed at what part of the body?

a. small intestine b. stomach c. pancreas

4. The process of breaking up and dissolving food so that it

can be used by the body?
a. digestion b. respiration c. circulation

5. The opening where wastes leave out of the body is called __.
a. anus b. rectum c. pancreas
79
 Let’s Study This

DOUDENUM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The picture shows body parts that help in digestion.

These body parts are called digestive organs. These organs
make up the digestive system.

The process of breaking up and dissolving of food so that

it can be used by the body is called Digestion.

80
 Parts of the Digestive System

1. Mouth – the mouth receives the food you eat. Inside the
mouth are the tongue and the teeth. Digestion
begins in the mouth.

Act. 1 – Together with a friend, list some of the food

you’ve taken during breakfast and lunch.

Table 1 Breakfast Lunch

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Act. 2 – Try to do the activity with partner.

ƒ Get any food you bought for recess.

ƒ Take a bite and chew it.
ƒ Take note of the body parts that you use in biting
the food.

What body part bites and cuts the food?

________________

1.A Teeth - The teeth bite, cut and chew the food. As
you chew the food, the tongue with the help of the
saliva mixes the food.
1.B tongue – The tongue helps you swallow the food.

Mouth We have 32 full set of teeth

81
2. Esophagus – is a long tube about 25 to 30 centimeter-
long where the food passes. The food is
squeeze and push down from the mouth
with the help of the tongue through the
esophagus by the muscular movement
known as peristalsis.

3. Stomach – is a stretchable hollow muscular bag. It

produces gastric juices that help in the
mixing and breaking the food further.

4. Small Intestine – is a coiled tube measures 6 - 7 meters

and 3 centimeters in diameter
connected to the stomach. It is where
the final digestion happens. It has 3
parts: duodenum (1st part); jejunum
(middle part); and ileum (3rd part)

82
5. Liver – produces bile which goes through the gall bladder. It is
the largest gland in the body. Bile help digest fats.

6. Pancreas – an organ that produces pancreatic juices that

digests carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

7. Large Intestine – a large coiled tube attached to the small

intestine. It is where undigested food is
temporarily stored. It reabsorbs most of
the water and minerals.

83
8. Rectum – it is the passage of undigested food from the
large intestine.

9. Anus – an opening where waste come out the body. This

elimination of body waste is called defecation or
bowel movement.

84
 Let’s Do This

You learned about the parts of the digestive system. Name the
parts.

1.

8.

9. 2.

10. 3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

85
 Let’s Do More

Look at the drawings. Re-arrange the letters to come up with

the names of the parts of the digestive system.

machost aphosesug

1. _______________ 2. _______________

unas alreg tesintine

3. _______________ 4. _______________

almls enitsetni panscare

5. _______________ 6. _______________

thoum rivel

7. _______________ 8. _______________
86
 Let’s Remember This

Digestion is the process of breaking up and

dissolving food so that it can be taken into the blood to
be used by the body.

The parts of the digestive tract are: mouth,

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
rectum and anus.

Associated with the digestive tract are the salivary

glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas.

Together they make up the digestive system.

Let’s Test Ourselves

A. Identify the parts described below. Choose your answer

from the box below.

1. A tube connecting the mouth and the stomach.

2. The largest gland in the body that secretes bile.

3. It is where the undigested foods temporarily stored.

4. A long narrow coiled tube where digestion is

completed.

5. The part where digestion begins.

mouth stomach anus rectum small intestine

large intestine liver pancreas

87
B. Encircle the letter that has the correct answer.

1. The process of breaking up and dissolving food so

that it can be taken into the blood to be used by the
body is known as _____________.

a. Digestion b. Respiration c. Excretion

2. When we eat, all the foods that we take in are not

digested; where do you think the undigested food
go and stored?

a. stomach b. anus c. large intestine

3. Digestion is finally completed at what part of the

body?

a. small intestine b. stomach c. pancreas

4. We use our mouth when we eat our food. Where do

you think digestion begin?

a. stomach b. mouth c. anus

5. The waste leaves out of the body through the

opening called ______________.

a. anus b. rectum c. pancreas

Check your answers on the answer key at the last page.

High Score? Congratulations for getting a high score. It means
you understand our lesson well.

88
 Science Fact File

Chewing raw vegetables and fruit keeps gum healthy

because it stimulates them and encourages them to flow
through the veins in the gums.

Source: Mc Millian Encyclopedia of Science.

89
 Answer Key

Let’s Try This

1. b
2. c
3. a
4. a
5. a

Let’s Do These Let’s Do More

1. mouth 1. stomach
2. stomach 2. esophagus
3. pancreas 3. anus
4. large intestine 4. large intestine
5. small intestine 5. small intestine
6. rectum 6. pancrea s
7. anus 7. mouth
8. esophagus 8. liver
9. liver
10. duodenum

Let’s Test Ourselves

A. B.
1. esophagus 1. A
2. liver 2. C
3. large intestine 3. A
4. small intestine 4. B
5. mouth 5. A

90