English – General
Education By: EDUARDO C. MIRA, MAEng., SMRIEdr
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Kinds of Pronouns
1. Personal – I, He, She, We, You, They, It
2. Object - me, us, them, it, him, her
3. Possessive – theirs, hers, ours, mine, his, its, yours
4. Interrogative – Why, What, Whom, Whose, Which, When
5. Indefinite –
Singular - Everybody, Everyone, Each, Someone,
Somebody, Something, Nothing,, etc.
Plural – Some, Several, Few, Most
6. Reflexive - refers to the subject
I see myself join the competition.
He cut the paper himself
Intensive - shows emphasis
You, yourself teach.
They themselves were shocked.
7. Demonstrative – This, That (sing.); These, Those (Plural)
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Emphatic Verbs
1. They did enjoy the concert. – ( Singular or Plural subject - past)
2. Mother does cook delicious meal. (Singular Subject – present)
3. Some students do portray several roles. (Plural subject – present)
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Order of Adjectives
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Common Prepositions:
in near during beneath
on inside before over
at behind between among
from against by around
down after before about
Types of determiners
1. Articles - a, an, the
2. Demonstratives - this, that, those, these
3. Specifier - such
4. Quantifiers - any, each, every, either, neither
5. Negatives - not, not any, not a single
6. Possessives - my, your, his, her, its, our, their
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Modals
Modals
1.If the crew can serve my order in 20 minutes, then I will
wait here. - ability
2. She may be in the living room. - possibility
3. Yuan would say it no matter what. - determination
4. We would listen while he told us his adventures.
- habitual action in the past.
5. Students must study hard. - moral obligation
Others modals
could, might, used to, shall, should, am / is / are
going to, had better, and will
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* If you wait for a moment, the waiter will bring you a coffee.
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Kinds
1. Declarative – We are fixing the car.
2. Imperative – Erase the writing in the board. (command)
Please settle your accounts. (request)
3. Interrogative – Why are you staring at me?
4. Exclamatory – You won!
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1. teacher
2. beside
B. Phrase / Fragment
1. the teacher in the classroom
2. this hungry dog
C. Clauses
1. While I was sleeping - dependent clause
2. I was sleeping alone. - independent clause
3. Before she arrived – dependent clause
4. Some students finalized their requirements. – independent clause
Parallelism -
gives clarity, coherence, and unity in
both speech and writing.
1. She is a teacher full of confidence, diligence, and endurance.
(using abstract nouns)
2. It may be under her desk or inside her bag.
(using prepositional phrases)
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2. The actor was reading his 2. His script was being read
script. by the actor.
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Verbals
A. INFINITIVE = to + base form that acts as a noun.
1. She loves to eat chocolates.
2. To sing is my favorite hobby.
3. Your dream, to travel around the world, needs enough budget.
B.GERUND = verb + -ing form that acts as a noun
1. She loves eating chocolates.
2. Singing is my favorite hobby.
3. Your dream, travelling around the world, need enough budget.
Prepositional Phrases
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C.
Incorrect: Answering the test, I saw the students in the classroom.
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1. Characterization 6. Genres
2. Dialogue 7. Theme
3. Plot 8. Spectacle
4. Stagecraft 9. Music
5. Symbols 10. Audience
Classifications of a Character
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Elements of a Poetry
Poetry – is an art form in which human language is used for its
aesthetic qualities.
1.Speaker
2.Tone
3.Mood
4.Rhythm and Meter
5.Figurative Languages
6.Lines and Stanzas
7.Sound Devices
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Manner of Articulation
1. Stops / Plosives - P, T, K, B, D, and G (boy, pat)
2. Fricatives - F,V,S,Z,H, TH, Sh, and Zh (this, thin, shall)
3. Affricatives – Ts (Ch) and Dz (J) (jam, chain)
4. Nasals – N,M, and Ng (man, nose, drink)
5. Liquid / Lateral – L and R (late, ramp)
6. Glides – W and Y (well, why, weight)
Place of Articulation
1. Bilabial - two lips touching each other. (P, B, M, HW, W)
2. Labio Dental – lower lips touches the upper teeth (F and V)
3. Dental – tips of the tongue and the inner edge of the upper
teeth (Ɵ, ð
4. Alveolar – tip of the tongue and the alveolar edge (T, D, R,
N, L, ʧ, ʤ)
5. Palatal – the tongue and hard palate ((J-voiced)
6. Velar – dorsal tongue and soft palate (K, G. Ng)
7. Glottal – throat passage (H - voiceless)
Elements of Communication
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UN + ABLE = UNABLE
prefix root word formed word
HAPPY + LY = HAPPILY
root word suffix formed word
Troublesome Words
a. advice -advise
He did not follow my _________ (n) – opinion
They _____ me to travel light when I go abroad. (v) – to give
b. effect – affect
Television ____ people in many ways. (v.) – influence
It took days to _____ discipline ion the class. (v) – result
c. all right – alright
Do I look ____? (adj.) – well or satisfactory
d. adapt – adopt
It is difficult to _______ to this cold weather. (v) – to adjust
She has to ______ the British accent. (v) – to take on
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Hierarchy of Linguistics
PHONOLOGY - sound organization. Study of the speech sound
used in the language.
- word formation. Study of how words are
MORPHOLOGY
formed in language.
Types of Literature
A.Essay
B. Fiction
C. Drama
D. Poetry
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Corrections….
11. Remove 18.
15. Change ‘of’ to ‘or’.
27. a. remove ‘r’ from the word ‘lover’.
31. Bonus (no answer) 33. bonus (there’s no number 33.)
46. c. add ‘d’ from the misspelled word ‘delighte’ to
make it ‘delighted’.
48. Change ‘I’ to ‘If’. /
57. Underline the word ‘the’, so it must be ‘the best’.
65. Italicized the phrase “ like a fish out of water”.
66. Underline the word ‘volitions’.
92. Underline the word ‘fondness’ found in the
sentence.
113. b. remove the word ‘perfect’.
Note: Please don’t answer the second numbers 55, 56,
and 132.
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