SAME-SEX MARRIAGE & SAME-SEX PARENTING

SAME-SEX MARRIAGE & SAME-SEX PARENTING
Biologically Uncomplimentary, Psychosocially Unhelpful to

Children, and Philosophically Misguided
-Antonio Bernard
Part 27
SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
redefining marriage will undermine the institution of marriage.
“How does redefining marriage affects society ?”
-Antonio Bernard
Part 27
Diluting the Meaning of Family”
“Instead of marriage we want to promote a co-
habitation law that ignores gender and allows more
than two people in a partnership.”
― Tiina Rosenberg, Sweden.
“Gays should fight for same-sex marriage and its benefits and
then, once granted, redefine the institution of marriage completely,
because the most subversive action lesbians and gay men can
undertake…is to transform the notion of ‘family’ entirely.”
- Michelangelo Signorile, “Bridal Wave,” Out 42 (December-January 1994), 161
“And after all, we are advocating the
destruction of the centrality of marriage
and the nuclear family unit... .”
- Ryan Conrad, xtra.ca
Gay Rights Activist Masha Gessen from 2012:
“It’s a no-brainer that [same-sex couples] should have the
right to marry, but I also think equally that it’s a no-brainer
that the institution of marriage should not exist.”
― -Robert P. George, “What Few Deny Gay Marriage Will Do,” First Things, April 16, 2013, http://
www.firstthings.com/blogs/firstthoughts/2013/04/what-few-deny-gay-marriage-will-do.
“Fighting for gay marriage generally involves lying about what we are
going to do with marriage when we get there—because we lie that the
institution of marriage is not going to change, and that is a lie. The
institution of marriage is going to change, and it should change.”
-Robert P. George, “What Few Deny Gay Marriage Will Do,” First Things, April 16, 2013, http://
“And again, I don’t think it should exist. And I don’t like taking part in
creating fictions about my life. That’s sort of not what I had in mind when I
came out thirty years ago. I have three kids who have five parents, more or
less, and I don’t see why they shouldn’t have five parents legally. . . . ”
-Robert P. George, “What Few Deny Gay Marriage Will Do,” First Things, April 16, 2013, http://
“I met my new partner, and she had just had a baby, and that baby’s
biological father is my brother, and my daughter’s biological father is a man
who lives in Russia, and my adopted son also considers him his father. So
the five parents break down into two groups of three. . . . And really, I would
like to live in a legal system that is capable of reflecting that reality, and I
don’t think that’s compatible with the institution of marriage.”
-Robert P. George, “What Few Deny Gay Marriage Will Do,” First Things, April 16, 2013,
http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/firstthoughts/2013/04/what-few-deny-gay-marriage-will-do.
“Anti-equality right-wingers have long insisted that allowing gays to
marry will destroy the sanctity of ‘traditional marriage,’ and, of course,
the logical, liberal party-line response has long been ‘No, it won't.’ But
what if—for once—the sanctimonious crazies are right? Could the gay
male tradition of open relationships actually alter marriage as we
know it? And would that be such a bad thing?”
- Ari Karpel, “Monogamish,” The Advocate
“If same-sex marriage becomes legal, the venerable
institution will ever after stand for sexual choice, for cutting
the link between sex and diapers…Same-sex marriage…
announces that marriage has changed shape.”
- Same-Sex Marriage: Pro and Con, edited by Andrew Sullivan, p. 135
"Marriage exists to unite a man and a woman as husband and wife to then be
equipped to be mother and father to any children that that union produces. It’s based
on the anthropological truth that men and women are distinct and complementary.
It’s based on the biological fact that reproduction requires a man and a woman. It’s
based on the sociological reality that children deserve a mother and a father.”
- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redefining It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/ 
"Whenever a child is born, a mother will always be close by. That’s a fact of biology. The
question for culture and the question for law is whether a father will be close by. And if
so, for how long? Marriage is the institution that different cultures and societies across
time and place developed to maximize the likelihood that that man would commit to
that woman and then the two of them would take responsibility to raise that child.”
“Research clearly demonstrates that family structure matters
for children, and the family structure that helps children the
most is a family headed by two biological parents...”
— Kristin Anderson Moore, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig, 2002.

“Marriage from a Child’s Perspective: How Does Family Structure Affect Children, and What Can Be Done About It?”
Research Brief, June 2002. Washington, DC: Child Trends, p. 6.
“Marriage is everywhere the word we use to describe a publicly acknowledged
and supported sexual union between a man and woman which creates rights and
obligations between the couple and any children the union may produce…Marriage
is the fundamental, cross-cultural institution for bridging the male and female
divide so that children have loving, committed mothers and fathers.”
— Maggie Gallagher, “What is Marriage For? The Public Purposes of Marriage Law,”
Louisiana Law Review, 62 (2002), 773-75.
MARRIAGE AND CULTURE
“ [Traditional] marriage laws
reinforce the idea that the union of
husband and wife is, on the whole, the
most appropriate environment for
rearing children—an ideal supported
by the best available social science.”
- Sherif Girgis, Ryan T. Anderson, Robert P. George. What is Marriage? Man and Woman: A Defense, p. 58, 8
“Recognizing same-sex relationships
as marriage would legally abolish that
ideal.
No civil institution would reinforce the

notion that men and women typically
have different strengths as parents; that
boys and girls benefit from fathers and
mothers in different ways…”
“Redefining marriage would thus
soften the social pressures and lower
the incentives—already diminished by
these last few decades—for husbands
to stay with their wives and children, or
for men and women to marry before
having children. All this would harm
children’s development into happy,
productive, upright adults.”
REDEFINING MARRIAGE
“But how can the law teach that fathers are essential if it redefines marriage to make
fathers optional? Redefining marriage diminishes the social pressures for husbands to
remain with their wives and children, and for men and women to marry before having
children.Redefining marriage to include same-sex relationships makes marriage primarily
about emotional union, more about adults' desires than children's needs.”
REDEIFINING MARRIAGE
“First, it fundamentally reorients the institution of marriage away from the needs of children
toward the desires of adults. It no longer makes marriage about ensuring the type of family
life that is ideal for kids; it makes it more about adult romance. If one of the biggest social
problems we face right now in the United States is absentee dads, how will we insist that
fathers are essential when the law redefines marriage to make fathers optional?”
REDEIFINING MARRIAGE
If that's how we understand marriage, marital norms make no

sense as a matter of principle. Why require an emotional union to
be permanent? Or limited to two persons? Or sexually
exclusive (as opposed to "open")?
"Second, if you redefine marriage, so as to say that the male-female aspect is irrational
and arbitrary, what principle for policy and for law will retain the other three historic
components of marriage? In the United States, it’s always been (1) a monogamous
union, (2) a sexually exclusive union, and (3) a permanent union. We’ve already
seen new words created to challenge each and every one of those items.”
THROUPLE MARIAGE
“Throuple” is a three-person couple. New York Magazine reports about it. Here’s the question: if I were to sue
and say that I demand marriage equality for my throuple, what principle would deny marriage equality to the
throuple once you say that the male-female aspect of marriage is irrational and arbitrary? The way that we got
to monogamy is that it’s one man and one woman who can unite in the type of action that can create new life
and who can provide that new life with one mom and one dad. Once you say that the male-female aspect is
irrational and arbitrary, you will have no principled reason to retain the number two.”

WEDLEASE MARIAGE
The term “wedlease” was introduced in the Washington Post in 2013. A wedlease is a

play on the term wedlock. It’s for a temporary marriage. If marriage is primarily about
adult romance, and romance can come, and it can go, why should the law presume it to
be permanent? Why not issue expressly temporary marriage licenses?”

MONOGAMISH MARIAGE
“monogamish.” Monogamish was introduced in the New York Times in 2011. The term
suggests we should retain the number two, but that spouses should be free to have
sexually open relationships. That it should be two people getting married, but they should
be free to have sex outside of that marriage, provided there’s no coercion or deceit.”

SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
“Same-sex marriage would further undercut the idea that procreation is intrinsically connected to
marriage. It would undermine the idea that children need both a mother and a father, further weakening
the societal norm that men should take responsibility for the children they beget. Finally, same-sex
marriage would likely corrode marital norms of sexual fidelity, since gay-marriage advocates and gay
couples tend to downplay the importance of sexual fidelity in their definition of marriage.”
- Marriage and the Public Good: Ten Principles. The Witherspoon Institute. Kindle Edition. 
SEX AND CULTURE
“Now, whatever you think about group marriage, whatever you think about
temporary marriage, whatever you think about sexually open marriage, as far as
adults living and loving how they choose, think about the social consequences if
that’s the future direction in which marriage redefinition would go.”
SEX AND CULTURE
“For every additional sexual partner a man has and the shorter-lived those
relationships are, the greater the chances that a man creates children with
multiple women without commitment either to those women or to those kids.
It increases the likelihood of creating fragmented families, and then big

government will step in to pick up the pieces with a host of welfare programs
that truly drain the economic prospects of all of our states.”
SAME-SEX PARENTING
How does same-sex parenting affect
children and society at large ?.
“Not a single study has found children of lesbian or gay
parents to be disadvantaged in any significant respect
relative to children of heterosexual parents.”
 
- Charlotte Patterson, “Lesbian & Gay Parenting,” American Psychological
Association, p. 15, http://www.apa.org/pi/lgbt/resources/parenting-full.pdf
THE TRUTH
WHAT DO STUDIES ACTUALLY SAY CONCERNING SAME SEX
MARRIAGE, DOES IT WEAKEN OR STRAIGHTEN THE FAMILY?
THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
Perhaps you’ve heard that it makes “no
difference” for children whether they are
raised by a same-sex couple or by their
married mom and dad. Don’t believe it. A lot
depends on how social scientists interpret
the data and on their comparison group, but
not a single scientifically rigorous study
establishes that conclusion.
THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
The scientifically rigorous studies of same-

sex parenting all conclude that as a rule,
the best place for children is in the home
of their married mother and father.
“Same-Sex Parenting and Children’s Outcomes: A Closer Examination of the
American Psychological Association’s Brief on Lesbian and Gay Parenting,” Social
Science Research 41 (July 2012): 735–751, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.
2012.03.006.
”How Different Are the Adult Children of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships?
Findings from the New Family Structures Study,” Social Science Research 41(4) (July
2012): 752–770, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.03.009;
“Parental Same-Sex Relationships, Family Instability, and Subsequent Life Outcomes

for Adult Children: Answering Critics of the New Family Structures Study with
Additional Analyses,” Social Science Research 41(6) (November 2012): 1367–1377, http://
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.08.015.
“Methodological Decisions and the Evaluation of Possible Effects of Different Family
Structures on Children: The New Family Structures Study (NFSS),” Social Science
Research 41 (November 2012): 1357–1366, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.08.011.
“Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress through School: A Comment on

Rosenfeld,” Demography 50 (June 2013): 955–961, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-012-0169-
x; “Normal Progress through School: Further Results (white paper, June 2, 2014), used with
permission of Douglas W. Allen, Catherine R. Pakaluk, and Joseph Price.
“High School Graduation Rates Among Children of Same-Sex Households,” Review of

Economics of the Household 11 (December 2013): 635–658, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/
s11150-013-9220-y
“Comparative Relationship Stability of Lesbian Mother and Heterosexual
Mother Families: A Review of Evidence,” Marriage & Family Review 46:8
(2010): 499–509, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2010.543030.
“Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress through

School,” Demography, Volume 47-Number 3, August 2010: 755–775.
SAME-SEX COUPLES
Professor Londregan offers his own
summary of the research: “A picture
emerges: in a cross-section of children raised
by parents in same-sex relationships, life
outcomes tend to resemble those of children
raised by single and divorced parents.”
* Londregan, “Same-Sex Parenting.”

SAME-SEX COUPLES
This isn’t surprising. While marriage
offers the advantages of biological ties,
sexual complementarity, and stability, the
households of same-sex couples share the
deficiencies in these areas of single or
divorced family structures.
Same-sex parenting seems to affect children in sex-specific
ways. Girls with two fathers and boys with two mothers had the
poorest outcomes. Commenting on Allen’s study of Canadian
census data, Regnerus observes: “Thus although the children of
same-sex couples fare worse overall, the disparity is unequally
shared, but is instead based on the combination of the gender
of child and gender of parents.”
- Regnerus, “A Married Mom and Dad Really Do Matter: New Evidence from Canada,” Public Discourse
(Witherspoon Institute), October 8, 2013, http://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2013/10/10996/.
“Boys fare better—that is, they’re more likely to
have finished high school—in gay households than in
lesbian households. For girls, the opposite is true.
Thus the study undermines not only claims about
“no differences” but also assertions that
moms and dads are interchangeable"
- Regnerus, “A Married Mom and Dad Really Do Matter: New Evidence from Canada,” Public Discourse
(Witherspoon Institute), October 8, 2013, http://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2013/10/10996/.
Are the outcomes for children of gay, lesbian, or bisexual parents in general the
same as those for heterosexual parents? That controversial question is
discussed here in a detailed review of the social science literature in three parts:
• (1) stability of same-sex parental relationships,

• (2) child outcomes, and
• (3) child outcomes in same-sex adoption.
Relationship instability appears to be higher among gay and lesbian parent

couples and may be a key mediating factor influencing outcomes for children.
With respect to part 2, while parental self-reports usually present
few significant differences, social desirability or self-presentation
bias may be a confounding factor.
While some researchers have tended to conclude that there are no

differences whatsoever in terms of child outcomes as a function of
parental sexual orientation, such conclusions appear premature
in the light of more recent data in which some different
outcomes have been observed in a few studies.
Studies conducted within the past 10 years that compared child
outcomes for children of same-sex and heterosexual adoptive
parents were reviewed.
Numerous methodological limitations were identified that make it

very difficult to make an accurate assessment of the effect of
parental sexual orientation across adoptive families…There
remains a need for high-quality research on same-sex families,
especially families with gay fathers and with lower income.
https://thembeforeus.com/
study-studies-same-sex-
parenting/
https://thembeforeus.com/
study-studies-same-sex-
parenting/
The ACP brief puts it this way: “At this time, the
three largest statistically representative datasets
used to address the question—Regnerus’s New
Family Structures Survey, with 3,000 cases; the
National Health Interview Survey, with 1.6 million
cases; and the National Longitudinal Survey of
Adolescent Health, with 20,000 cases—have all
found that children with same-sex parents fare
substantially worse—most measures show at least
twice the level of distress—than do children with
opposite-sex parents on a range of psychological,
developmental and emotional outcomes. The
longer social scientists study the question, the
more evidence of harm is found.”
-ACP Brief, 4.
Regnerus makes the point eloquently when he sums up one of
Sullins’s studies: “[T]here is no equivalent replacement for the
enduring gift to a child that a married biological mother and father
offer. It’s no guarantee of success. It’s not always possible. But
the odds of emotional struggle at least double without it.”
Same-Sex Couples
The longer and more formalized the same-sex union,
the worse the outcomes for kids. The ACP brief notes:
“While outcomes for children with opposite-sex parents improved if

their parents were married, outcomes for children with same-sex parents
were notably worse if their parents were married. . . . [A]mong opposite-
sex parents, moving from an unmarried to a married state improves
outcomes for children; but among same-sex parents, moving from an
unmarried to a married state substantially degrades child well-being."
-ACP Brief, 35,42.

Same-Sex Couples
What does this all mean? The most recent research from
Sullins suggests that the longer children reside with same-sex
parents, the worse the outcomes. The ACP brief concludes:
“Contrary to the suggestion that child emotional harm with same-
sex parents would be reduced with more stable parents, . . . the
longer the adolescents were with same-sex parents, the worse
they fared.”
-ACP Brief, 43-44

Same-Sex Couples
“Those who resided with married same-sex
parents for over ten years, on average, fared much worse
than those residing with unmarried, mostly divorced, same-
sex parents for only four years, on average. Child harm
with same-sex parents may be amplified by a longer time
spent with them, or by marriage itself, or both.”
-ACP Brief, 43-44

“We know by definition that in no same-sex couple’s household will a child
have a biological connection to both parents. Likewise, by definition there
will be no sexual complementarity in parenting. No same-sex household
will provide a child with both a mother and a father. So with respect to two
of the three main childrearing advantages of marital households, same-sex
parenting cannot provide what a married mother and father can.”
- Anderson, Ryan T.. Truth Overruled: The Future of Marriage and Religious
Freedom (p. 158). Regnery Publishing. Kindle Edition.
Compared with children raised by their married biological parents, children
of homosexual parents, either lesbians or male homosexuals:
•Have lower educational attainment
•Report less safety and security in their family of origin
•Report more ongoing “negative impact” from their family of origin
•Are much more likely to have received welfare
- Mark Regnerus, How Different are the Adult Children of Parents Who have Same-sex Relationships?
Findings from the New Family Structures Study, 41 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (2012).
Children raised by lesbians or male homosexual parents:
•Are more than twice as likely to suffer from depression
•Are up to 5 times more likely to think about suicide than children
raised by their biological parents
- Mark Regnerus, How Different are the Adult Children of Parents Who have Same-sex Relationships? Findings
from the New Family Structures Study, 41 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH (2012).
Children of Gay Parents:
Suicide Comparison
Children raised by lesbians or male homosexual parents:
•Have been arrested more often
•If they are female, have had more sexual partners—both
male and female
Children of lesbian mothers, compared with children raised by their parents:
•Are more likely to be currently cohabiting
•Are almost 4 times more likely to be currently on public assistance
•Are more than 3 times more likely to be unemployed (28% vs. 8%)
“Children raised by lesbians are seven times more likely to
become lesbians than children raised by heterosexuals”
- Fiona L. Tasker and Susan Golombok, “Adults Raised as Children in Lesbian Families,”
Developmental Psychology, 31 (1995), 213
“Children raised by homosexual men are three times
more likely to practice homosexuality than children
raised by heterosexuals”
- J. Michael Bailey, et. al., “Sexual Orientation of Adult Sons of Gay Fathers,” Developmental
Psychology, 31 (1995), 124-28
The proposition that children fare best when raised by their biological mothers and
fathers in an intact family was affirmed in a recent peer reviewed study by researcher
Mark Regnerus (the “Regnerus study”). Regnerus found that children raised by
lesbian mothers (“LM”) and gay fathers (“GF”) fared far worse than did children
raised by their biological intact families (“IBF”) in numerous ways.
from the New Family Structures Study, 41 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 752, 761 (2012).
The Regnerus study is a population-based cross-sectional study of
3000 young adults between the ages of 18 and 39.55 The study
revealed that:
“Sixty-nine (69) percent of (Lesbian Mothers) LMs and 57% of (Gay Fathers)
GFs reported that their family received public assistance at some point while
growing up, compared with 17% of (Intact Biological Families) IBFs; 38% of
(Lesbian Mothers) LMs said they are currently receiving some form of public
assistance compared with 10% of (Intact Biological Families) IBFs.”
from the New Family Structures Study, 41 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 761-62 (2012).
“Just under half of all (Intact Biological Families) IBFs reported being
employed full-time at present, compared with 26% of (Lesbian Mothers) LMs.
While only 8% of IBF respondents said they were currently unemployed, 28%
of (Lesbian Mothers) LM respondents said the same.”
“(Lesbian Mothers) LMs were statistically less likely than (Intact Biological Families) IBFs
to have voted in the 2008 presidential election (41% vs. 57%), and more than twice as
likely --19% vs. 8%--to report being currently (or within the past year) in counseling or
therapy 'for a problem connected with anxiety, depression, relationships, etc.,' an
outcome that was significantly different after including control variables.”
Regnerus’ study also found that children raised by lesbians:
•Are Are 3 times more likely to have had committed
adultery while married or cohabiting (40% vs. 13%)
“Children of lesbian mothers, compared with children raised by their parents:
•Are almost 4 times more likely to be currently on public assistance
•Are more than 3 times more likely to be unemployed (28% vs. 8%)”
https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/sexual-health/sexual-health-for-lesbian-and-bisexual-women/
These statistics convey a strong government interest in encouraging biological intact
families through marriage policy. Children raised by biological intact families are much
more likely to become productive citizens who vote, are mentally stable, have more stable
relationships, and who are less likely to become dependents of the state. In addition, the
children in biological intact families are more likely to enter relationships in which they
can organically produce children of their own.
from the New Family Structures Study, 41 JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 762 (2012).
In the Regnerus study, 90% of respondents from (Intact Biological Families)
IBFs identified as entirely heterosexual, whereas only 61% of those raise by
(Lesbian Mothers) LMs and 71% of those raised by (Gay Fathers) GFs
reported identifying entirely as heterosexual.
Similarly, “a greater share of daughters of lesbian mothers reported
being ‘not sexually attracted to either males or females’ ... 4.1% of
female (Lesbian Mothers) LMs compared to 0.5% of female
(Intact Biological Families) IBFs.”
Similarly, those raised by lesbians “fare worse on educational attainment, family-of-
origin safety/security, negative impact of family-of-origin, the CES-D (depression)
index, one of two attachment scales, report worse physical health, smaller household
incomes than to do respondents from still-intact biological families, and think that
their current romantic relationship is in trouble more frequently.”
“Children raised by homosexual fathers
also fared worse than children raise
in intact biological families.”
“When contrasted with those raised by intact biological families, those raised by
homosexual fathers “reported more modest educational attainment, worse scores on the
family-of-origin safety/security and negative impact indexes, less closeness to their
biological mother, greater depression, a lower score on the current (romantic) relationship
quality index, and think their current relationship is in trouble more frequently.”
In addition, those raised by both lesbian mothers and
homosexual fathers were more likely than those raised in
biological intact families to smoke, have been arrested, and
to have pled guilty to non-minor offenses.
In addition, children are apparently safer in (Intact Biological Families) IBF
homes. “23% of (Lesbian Mothers) LMs said yes when asked whether ‘a parent
or other adult caregiver ever touched you [sic] in a sexual way, forced you to
touch him or her in a sexual way, or forced you to have sexual relations,’ while
only 2% of (Intact Biological Families) IBFs responded affirmatively.”
“Among female respondents, 3% of (Intact Biological Families)
IBFs reported parental (or adult caregiver) sexual contact/
victimization, dramatically below the 31% of (Lesbian Mothers)
LMs who reported the same. Just under 10% of female (Gay
Fathers) GFs responded affirmatively to the question.”
“[C]hildren appear most apt to succeed well as adults -- on multiple
counts and across a variety of domains -- when they spend their entire
childhood with their married mother and father, and especially
when the parents remain married to the present day.”
“ It appears that children even grow up to mimic the sexual practices
of their parents, as “while [only] 13% of (Intact Biological Families)
IBFs reported having had a sexual relationship with someone else
while they were either married or cohabitating, 40% of
(Lesbian Mothers) LMs said the same.”
Adultery Comparison
Children raised by lesbians:
• Are 10 times more likely to have been “touched
sexually by a parent or other adult caregiver.”
Molestation Comparison
•Are almost 4 times as likely to have been raped
•Are more likely to have “attachment” problems related to the
ability to depend on others
•Use marijuana more frequently
•Smoke more frequently
•Watch TV for long periods more frequently
•Have pled guilty to a major offense more often
“When compared with outcomes for children raised by an
intact biological family, the children raised by homosexuals
did worse on 77 out of 80 outcome measures.” 
 
- Mark Regnerus, “How Different Are the Adult Children of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships?
Findings from the New Family Structures Study,” Social Science Research, Vol. 41, No. 4 (June 2012),
pp. 752–770, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X12000610
“Even after including controls for age, race, gender, family income, and things like being
bullied as a youth, or the gay-friendliness of the state in which they live, such respondents
were more apt to report being unemployed, less healthy, more depressed, more likely to
have cheated on a spouse or partner, smoke more pot, having trouble with the law, report
more male and female sex partners, more sexual victimization, and were more likely to
reflect negatively on their childhood family life, among other things.”
 
- Dr. Mark Regnerus, “Does it really make no difference if your parents are straight or gay?” 
http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2012/06/gay_parents_are_they_really_no_different_.html
“By comparison, children of homosexual couples did the
worst, in 9 of the 13 academic, moral, and social categories
compared with children of heterosexuals.” 
- Sotirios Sarantakos, “Children in Three Contexts: Family, Education and

Social development,” Children Australia 21, No. 3 (1996): 23-31.
Compared to opposite-sex parents, children
in the care of same-sex couples are:
“Have more than twice the risk of emotional problems,
including depression, anxiety, misbehavior, poor relationships
with peers and inability to concentrate. They are twice as
likely to have seen a doctor or to have taken medication for a
psychological condition in the past year”
- Sullins, Donald Paul, Emotional Problems among Children with Same-Sex Parents: Difference by Definition
(January 25, 2015). British Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science 7(2):99-120, 2015. Available at
SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2500537 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2500537
“Twice as likely to have been diagnosed with a

developmental disability such as a learning disability
or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).”
-Sullins, “Emotional Problems among Children with Same-Sex Parents: Difference by Definition.”
“Ten times more likely to have been sexually touched
by a parent or other adult and four times more likely to
have been forced to have sex against their will. Abuse
is more likely if the same-sex parents are married.”
-Regnerus, “How Different Are the Adult Children of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships?
Findings from the New Family Structures Study”; Sullins, “Sullins, Unexpected Harm.”
“Much more likely to have already experienced one parental
breakup prior to landing with their same-sex parents, and
remain more likely to experience yet another breakup of the
same-sex couple and transition to a third set of parents.”
-Schumm, “Comparative Relationship Stability of Lesbian Mother and Heterosexual Mother Families.”
“In adolescence, they are less likely to have romantic

relationships or to envision themselves in a future
relationship involving pregnancy or marriage.”
-Sullins, “Family Formation and Sexual Identity Development among Children with Same-Sex Parents”.
Unpublished research in process; details available by request via sullins@cua.edu.
“Problems persist into adulthood. As adults, persons who report
having same-sex parents are more likely to be depressed, smoke, use
marijuana, to have been arrested and to have pled guilty when they
were arrested. They are over three times more likely to have had a
marital affair or to be unemployed and receiving public assistance.”
-Regnerus, “How Different Are the Adult Children of Parents Who Have Same-Sex Relationships? Findings
from the New Family Structures Study.”
“By age 30, women who had same-sex parents are
only half as likely to be married or to be in any
relationship that has lasted three years or longer, and
only a third as likely to have ever been pregnant”
-Sullins, Family Formation.
“Same-sex marriage would enshrine in law a public judgment that the
public desire of adults for families outweighs the need of children for
mothers and fathers. It would give sanction and approval to the
creation of a motherless or fatherless family…”  
 
- Maggie Gallagher, “What Is Marriage For?,” Weekly Standard, 11 August 2003, 23.
“We should disavow the notion that ‘mommies can make good daddies,’ just as we
should disavow the popular notion of radical feminists that ‘daddies can make
good mommies’…The two sexes are different to the core, and each is necessary—
culturally and biologically—for the optimal development of the human being.”  
 
- David Popenoe, Life Without Father: Compelling New Evidence That Fatherhood and
Marriage Are Indispensable for the Good of Children and Society, 197.
Dolce & Gabbana
On March 16 2015, the famous designers Dolce &
Gabbana, caused a huge stir when they said, "We oppose
gay adoptions. The only family is the traditional one... No
chemical offsprings and rented uterus: life has a natural
flow, there are things that should not be changed...
You are born to a father and mother
-or at least that's how it should be."
Dolce & Gabbana
This statement was particularly remarkable
considering that both Dolce and Gabbana are
gay themselves. Yet, even they recognised that
children ideally need both parents.
"It should be noted that children necessarily have different experiences with
their mothers than with their fathers, for the physical and psychological
differences between the two parents are greater than those between two
individuals of same sex: mothers and fathers do not have the same odour,
voice, face, or muscle tone, and do not give out the same messages.”
- Daniel Paquette, “Theorizing the Father-Child Relationship: Mechanisms and Developmental
Outcomes,” Human Development, 47 (2004): 193-219, p. 200.
There is no such thing as "parenting." There is mothering and there is fathering.
Although men and women are each capable of providing their children with a
good upbringing, typically there are differences in how mothers and fathers
interact with their children and the functional roles that they play.
-Ryan T. Anderson ,Why Marriage Matters Most Jul 10th, 2013
REFERENCES BELOW
https://www.dropbox.com/sh/mc08vpdjz1gzke0/
AAAQ517HZnf5ntn9jVX4dxxua?dl=0
-Antonio Bernard , dindinbernard1@hotmail.com
Part 27

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Biologically Uncomplimentary, Psychosocially Unhelpful to

most is a family headed by two biological parents...”

— Kristin Anderson Moore, Susan M. Jekielek, and Carol Emig, 2002.

divide so that children have loving, committed mothers and fathers.”

No civil institution would reinforce the

If that's how we understand marriage, marital norms make no

exclusive (as opposed to "open")?

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/

The term “wedlease” was introduced in the Washington Post in 2013. A wedlease is a

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/

SEX AND CULTURE

It increases the likelihood of creating fragmented families, and then big

that truly drain the economic prospects of all of our states.”

The scientifically rigorous studies of same-

“Parental Same-Sex Relationships, Family Instability, and Subsequent Life Outcomes

“Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress through School: A Comment on

“High School Graduation Rates Among Children of Same-Sex Households,” Review of

“Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress through

* Londregan, “Same-Sex Parenting.”

• (1) stability of same-sex parental relationships,

Relationship instability appears to be higher among gay and lesbian parent

While some researchers have tended to conclude that there are no

Numerous methodological limitations were identified that make it

“While outcomes for children with opposite-sex parents improved if

-ACP Brief, 35,42.

-ACP Brief, 43-44

-ACP Brief, 43-44

- Sotirios Sarantakos, “Children in Three Contexts: Family, Education and

“Twice as likely to have been diagnosed with a

“In adolescence, they are less likely to have romantic

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/ 

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/ 

- Ryan T. Anderson, “Marriage Matters, and Redeﬁning It Has Social Costs”https://www.thepublicdiscourse.com/2014/01/11880/ 