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Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

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Smart Building
Instrumented System
Student: Fahmy Rinanda Saputri
Lecturer: Sentagi Sesotya Utami, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

Technical Notes

Green Building
Green, or sustainable, building is the practice of creating and using
healthier and more resource-efficient models of construction, renovation,
operation, maintenance and demolition [1].

Green buildings:
• Mitigate climate change
• Use less energy and water
• User fewer materials
• Reduce waste
• Are healthy for people and the planet [1]

A green building refers to a structure that is designed, constructed and/or

operated in a way that minimizes the environmental impact on its
surroundings.
At a minimum, green buildings usually include: reduced energy and water
consumption; minimization of toxic materials (thereby improving indoor air
quality); and increased use of recycled materials. At a minimum, green
buildings usually include: reduced energy and water consumption;
minimization of toxic materials (thereby improving indoor air quality); and
increased use of recycled materials [2].
What is the
green
“Green building” is a term used all over the world and has become
building?
synonymous with sustainability. However, this common connection does
not mean that all green building is, in fact, sustainable [3].

The Office of the Federal Environmental Executive defines this term as:
the practice of (1) increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their
sites use energy, water, and materials, and (2) reducing building impacts on
human health and the environment, through better siting, design,
construction, operation, maintenance, and removal—the complete building
life cycle [4].

Similarly, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines green

building as follows:
The practice of creating structures and using processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s
life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance,
renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the
classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and
comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or ‘high
performance’ building [4].

What is the The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines the benefits of building
benefit of green in three major categories:
green  Environmental Benefits: Green buildings conserve natural resources,
building? protect ecosystems, improve air and water quality, and decrease waste.
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

 Economic Benefits: Green buildings reduce capital and operating costs,

increase property values, and boost worker productivity.
 Health and Community Benefits: Green buildings improve the health,
wellbeing, and quality of life for occupants as well as the surrounding
community. The community also benefits from a reduction in pressures
on the local infrastructure and service delivery systems [2].

Smart Building
A smart building is a building that improves productivity anf increases
facility attractiveness [5].

Smart Building. Smart Buildings are Intelligent Buildings but with

additional, integrated aspects of adaptable control, enterprise and materials
and construction [6].

An academic view is given by Wang et al. (2012), agreeing that Smart

Buildings are part of the next generation building industry, suggesting that
they:
What is a Address both intelligence and sustainability issues by utilising computer
smart and intelligent technologies to achieve the optimal combinations of overall
building? comfort level and energy consumption [6].

Smart Buildings are buildings which integrate and account for intelligence,
enterprise, control, and materials and construction as an entire building
system, with adaptability, not reactivity, at the core, in order to meet the
drivers for building progression: energy and efficiency, longevity, and
comfort and satisfaction. The increased amount of information available
from this wider range of sources will allow these systems to become
adaptable, and enable a Smart Building to prepare itself for context and
change over all timescales [6].

What is the
feature of a
smart
building?

[6]
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

Shows the
different
timescales on
which smart
adability
operates!

[6]

The Smart Homes Foundation’s definition for home sector is (van Berlo
2001):
What is the "Smart home technology is the integration of technologies and services,
smart home applied to homes, flats, apartments, houses and small buildings with the
technology? purpose of automating them and obtaining and increase safety & security,
comfort, communication, and technical management." [7]

Intelligent Building
Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT
installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from
its users and the organisations that inhabit the building during it's life time
[8].

Intelligent Building as being A building which totally controls its own

environment” (Stubbings, 1988). This seems to imply that it is the technical
control of heating and air conditioning, lighting, security, fire protection,
telecommunication and data services, lifts and other similar building
operations that is important – a control typically given to a management
computer system. Such a definition for a conventionally Intelligent
What is the Building does not suggest user interaction at all (Powell, 1990) [6].
intelligent
building (IB) ? In 1995 the Conseil International du Baˆtiment Working Groups defined an
Intelligent Building as:
A dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with
productive, cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through
continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric;
structure; facilities); processes (automation; control; systems) people
(services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the
interrelation between them.” (CIB, 1995 as quoted by Everett, 2008) [6].

An Intelligent Building is one that is responsive to the requirements of

occupants, organisations and society. It is sustainable in terms of energy
and water consumptions besides being lowly polluting in terms of
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

emissions and waste: healthy in terms of well-being for the people living
and working within it; and functional according to the user needs
(Clements-Croome, 2009 as quoted by Clements-Croome, 2011) [6].

An intelligent building is one which provides a productive and cost

effective environment through the optimisation of its four basic elements --
systems, structure, services, management -- and the inter-relationship
between them.
Intelligent buildings help building owners, property managers, and
occupants realize their goals in the areas of cost, comfort, convenience,
safety, longterm flexibility, and marketability. There is no intelligence
threshold past, which a building "passes" or "fails". Optimal building
intelligence is the matching of solutions to occupant needs. The only
characteristic that all intelligent buildings have in common is a structured
design to accommodate change in a convenient, cost-effective manner." [7]

Definition of intelligent building is: “A building that uses both technology

and process to create a facility that is safe, healthy and comfortable and
enables productivity and well being for its occupants [9].

Shows the IB
pyramid!
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

The IB pyramid focused on the integration of the building control and

monitoring systems and on the communication technology [7].

Figure the metaphor between working environment and human senses

(above), and the senses of an Intelligent Building (Huhtanen 2000). [7]

What is the
The objectives of integrated building is energy management, indoor
objectives of
comfort, thermal comfort, visual comfort, and indoor air quality [8].
integrated
building?
Integration of various building systems
– Energy management system
– Lighting management system
– Security systems & fire safety
What is the
– Telecommunications & office automation
components of
– Local area networks (LANs)
an IB?
– Cabling management
– Intelligent maintenance mgt. system (IMMS)
– Computer aided facility management (CAFM) [8]

NZEB
What is the nZEB (Net Zero Energy Building) concept ensures that the loads of a
concept of building are controlled in such a way that the net energy consumed from the
nZEB? utility grid over a period of time (monthly/annually) will be close to zero
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

[10].

The feasibility of the nZEB implementation is described in the following

terms. [11]:
 To comply with existing energy standards and legislation
 To adapt with the local climate and specific character (site of
archeological or traditional interest)
What is the  To define clearly the project objectives and follow the sustainability
implementatio principles for a successful implementation
n of nZEB?  To take into account all recent and innovative technologies and ensure
technical and financial feasibility
 To be elaborated in compliance with the decisions and agreement of the
interdisciplinary team of specialists
 To be extrovert and promote the IED and nZEB principles

Energy Efficiency Building

What is the An energy efficient building is one that minimizes conventional energy
energy consumption (i.e. non-renewable energy), with the goal of saving energy
efficient and using it rationally [12].
building?
What is the
In buildings, smart lights are used to optimize and conserve energy by
utilization of
giving access of remotely controllable lights occupants [13].
smart lights in
the buildings?

Gives the case

study for
energy
savings!

[11]

Sustainable Building
The benefits of sustainable buildings are [3]:
• Lower Life Cycle Costs
What is the
• Lower Insurance Fees
benefit of
• Higher Property Value
sustainable
• Higher Productivity
building?
• Improved Image
• Reduced Risks
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

• Healthier for Tenants and Visitors

• Reduced Effects on Infrastructure
• Better for the Environment and Local Economy

Shows a
practical
framework for
sustainability
implementatio
n in
construction
and strategies
and methods to
achieve
resourch
conservation!

[3]

Case Study: Kwantlen Polytechnic University’s Trade & Technology Centre in

Cloverdale a Delta Controls Project [9]
In examining the implementation of Delta Controls’ integrated building
automation system (BAS) at Kwantlen Polytechnic University Trade and
Technology Centre campus, in Cloverdale, BC.
The case study will assess the following factors on intelligent and green
measurements:
Case study
• Integrated design process (IDP)
objective
• Integrated BACnet lighting, HVAC, security, and third party systems
• Tracking and monitoring of system performance
• Student and faculty surroundings and comfort
• The Leadership in Energy Efficient Design (LEED)

The focus of this case study is on Kwantlen Polytechnic University’s

The facility
Cloverdale campus, a new high-tech facility and LEED Gold candidate:
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

• Three major building blocks with classrooms, workshops and academic

facilities
• 185,177 square feet
• Project value $42.3 million
• Officially opened in April 2007

• Optimization of energy consumption

• Reduction of carbon footprint
• Achieving LEED Gold Standard
Project • Total cost of ownership principles for energy and resource efficiency
Overview • Exceptional environmental experience for students, employees and the
community
• Tracking, monitoring and reporting capabilities

Energy modeling reviews the potential effect of mechanical and electrical

system impact on future predicted energy efficiencies. Energy modeling
also provides predictive operating budgets to forecast the budget for a new
building. The model helps to target areas of the building that are large
consumers of energy such as HVAC and lighting.

Modeling for
Green and
Energy
Savings

The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) estimates that green
buildings, on average, currently reduce energy use by 30 percent, carbon
emissions by 35 percent, and water use by 30 to 50 percent, and generate
waste cost savings of 50 to 90 percent. In addition, green buildings can help
foster stronger communities and provide important benefits to human health
and productivity.
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

Additional time and effort goes into designing, specifying and constructing
a green building. The payoff comes with buildings that not only achieve
substantially better performance with regard to the environment, but also in
terms of reduced operating costs. The results come in the form of:
• Annual greenhouse gas reductions due to energy efficiency measures
• 30 percent annual energy savings compared to energy code ASHRAE
Results
90.1 -1999
• Occupant comfort and productivity, and improvements to working
environment
• Building differentiation via green image, resulting in better occupancy
rates

Some of the key technologies installed include:

• building controllers integrated with lighting occupancy sensors,
• isolation dampers for rooms with scheduled operating times,
• digital networked thermostats for precise control and feedback,
• VFD pumping,
• boiler controls,
• motor controls,
Delta Controls’
• occupancy sensors triggered by sound in addition to movement,
Product
• new building management system (BMS),
Showcase
• control of exhaust systems, and
(Solutions)
• awareness and training programs.

Catering to the unique needs of the Cloverdale campus, Delta’s system

provided intelligent control and comprehensive monitoring of system
components, including:
• Natural ventilation
• Heat recovery
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

• Radiant floor
• Demand ventilation
• Control exhaust systems
• Motion sensors
• Daylight sensors
• High efficiency lighting system
• Condensing boilers
• Security systems

By integrating and simultaneously employing information and energy

management strategies in one seamless system, Deltas’ BAS has helped
eliminate wasted energy at the new Kwantlen campus. In addition,
Kwantlen has become a sustainable corporate citizen in its community,
providing lasting intangible benefits to the University by combining
Conclusion enhanced efficiencies in energy and resource consumption to achieve lower
economic cost, while, also mitigating environmental impact. BAS provides
building owners and operators with the ability to save and manage their
energy demand, and also reduce their environmental impact by reducing
green house gas emissions.

Case Study: Smart Building at Microsoft [14]

Founded in 1975, Microsoft is the worldwide leader in software, services,
and solutions that help people and businesses realize their full potential.
With 90,000 employees across its business divisions and global
subsidiaries, the company generated revenues of US$ 69.9 billion for the
fiscal year ended June 30, 2011. Its home page is www.microsoft.com.
About
Microsoft
Microsoft’s Real Estate & Facilities organization is responsible for
planning, delivery and operations of Microsoft’s worldwide real estate
portfolio, which comprises 33 million square feet (3.1 million m2) and over
600 facilities across 110 countries.

What are the

items that
Data centers, employee travel and buildings are the top three contributors to
contribute to
Microsoft’s overall carbon footprint, with buildings accounting for nearly
Microsoft’s
40 percent.
overall carbon
footprint?
What is the
objective on
The objectives are save energy and focus resources.
this case
study?
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

How is the
Microsoft’s
smart building
architecture?

What is the
• Fault detection and diagnosis
Smart Building
• Alarm management
Solution
• Energy management
Scope?
• Continous commissioning
What is the
• Prioritization of notifications
enabled
• Building base load analysis and optimization
activities
• Plug load benchmarking and dashboarding
required?
• Identify, collect and aggregate relevant data
Key design • Employ industry-leading analytics to identify savings
principles of • Present results in a consumable and actionable form
the smart • Centralize monitoring operations
buildings • Engage the organization
architecture • Avoid disruptive change

• Aggregated data and powerful analytics that add “intelligence” to

existing building infrastructure have the potential to transform the way in
which companies manage energy across their real estateportfolio.
• The potential for information technology to improve building energy
efficiency is huge. The Global eSustainability Initiative (GeSI), a
consortium of leading high-tech companies, estimates that smart
Conclusion building technology has the potential to reduce carbon emissions in the
US by 130-190 million tons of CO2 – equivalent to the annual emissions
of about 30 million passenger vehicles.
• The related electricity cost savings amount to US$20-25 billion.
• Quite simply, firms seeking to enhance their bottom line need look no
further than the offices they’re sitting in.
 UTS – Rekayasa Sistem Instrumentasi Bangunan Cerdas
Fahmy Rinanda Saputri 16/407723/PTK/11354

Reference
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