MICRO PERSPECTIVE OF TOURISM AND Traveler set their sites on the countryside

HOSPITALITY
where trees, farms and animals are highlighted
TYPES OF TOURISM
Educational Tourism
Adventure Tourism
Participants’ objective is not just for leisure but also to
• Risk and Excitement enhance their knowledge and to learn.

• Remote and Exotic Destinations Festival Tourism

• Soft and Hard Adventure Areas which hold colorful fiestas and spectacular
Culinary Tourism festivals

• Offer a Gastronomical experiences Events Tourism

• Lectures on food History Focuses on Meetings, Convention, Conferences,

Congress and Exhibit
Disaster Tourism

• Travel to disaster places out of curiosity

TYPES OF TOURIST
• Merely observe and watch
PLOG’S MODEL
Dark Tourism
PSYCHOCENTRIC
• Areas that were once sites of events involving
deaths, suffering and grief. • Non adventurous
Eco Tourism
• Prefer the familiar travel
• Advocates and promotes the protection and
preservation of eco system. • Non risk takers
Heritage Tourism
• Passive type of travel
• Pursues the appreciation of different attributes of
society. ALLOCENTRIC
LGBT Tourism
• Try new products
• Pride Marches and Parades, Gay Festival, Gay
Square Dance Convention and Same Sex Marriage • Adventurous
Medical Tourism
• Prefer the off beaten tracks
• Seek healing and relief from adverse health
Conditions to find cure from their ailments • Self-confident
Nautical Tourism
MIDCENTRIC
• Undertaken by tourists through sailing and
boating • Dwell between allocentric and psychocentric
Space Tourism
• Most Tourist belong to this category
People are given the opportunity to travel
COHEN’S MODEL
in space
ORGANIZED MASS TOURIST
Travel to space is limited activity
• Prefer tours
Sports Tourism
• Prefer the familiar environment
Appreciation and involvement in sports
INDIVIDUAL MASS TOURIST
event or competition
• Tourist has some control over his/her itinerary
Urban Tourism and time allocations
Travel of people to metropolitan areas for • Remains with environmental bubble home
Sightseeing, Shopping and Recreation country

Rural Tourism EXPLORER

 • Usually plan his/her own trip
• Avoids developed tourist attractions
• Mixes with local but still protected by
environmental bubble
DRIFTER
• Plan his/her own trip
• Avoids tourist attractions and lives with locals
• Mixes with local but still protected by
environmental bubble
• Immerses in the host culture
PEARCE’S TRAVELERS CATEGORY
TOURIST – take photos, buys souvenirs, goes to
famous places
TRAVELER – take photos, stays briefly in one place,
and experiments with local food and explore privately
HOLIDAYMAKER – takes photos, goes to famous
places, alienates from society and buys souvenirs
JETSETTER – lives a life of luxury, is concerned with
social status, seeks sensual pleasures, and prefer
interacting with people of his/her own kind
BUSINESS PERSON – is concerned with social status,
contributes to the local economy
MIGRANT – has language problems, prefers interacting
with people of his/her own kind
CONSERVATIONIST – interested with environment,
does not buy souvenirs explore privately and explore
privately
EXPLORER – explores privately, interested with
environment, takes physical risk and does not buy
souvenirs
MISSIONARY – Keenly observe the visited society
OVERSEAS STUDENT – experiments with the local
food, explores privately, interested with environment and
takes physical risk
ANTHROPOLOGIST – takes photo, interested with
environment, does not buy souvenirs explore privately
and explore privately
HIPPIE – does not take photos, does not buy souvenirs
and does not contribute to the society
INTERNATIONAL ATHLETE – does not understand
the local people, explores privately
OVERSEAS JOURNALIST – explores privately,
interested with environment, takes physical risk and
does not buy souvenirs
RELIGIOUS PILGRIM – searching for the meaning of
life
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
PLEASURE/VACATION
To have HOLIDAY
To RELAX and ENJOY
To have FUN
BUSINESS / PROFESSIONAL
 Usually representative of companies,
institutions, schools or organization to attend
seminar, convention meeting or event.
VISITING FRIENDS or RELATIVES
 Socializing, dining in and dining out, home
entertainment
MOTIVATION AND DESIRE TO TRAVEL
ABRAHAM MASLOW (1943, 1954) stated that people
are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some
needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need
is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing
that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled
the next level up is what motivates us, and so on.
MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
• Tourism Suppliers will address and anticipate
the tourist want and desire
• Businesses can plan the services and amenities
that will be more attractive and will provide
comfort to tourist
• Businesses industry will reassure the safety of
clients.
• Establishments will inform their clients that
safety and security is one of their utmost
concern
• Industry can offer to clients to visits those
destinations which promotes a particular hobby
or sport that will bring them together and to
share same interest at the same time.
• This form of human need is widely addressed in
the tourism industry.
• Rewarded by an incentive tour as recognition to
his/her valuable contribution to the company.
 • This level drives or compels the person to travel
in order to achieve his/her ultimate desire or to
fulfill his/her dream.

DISCIPLINARY APPROACHES TO TOURISM

INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH

• Looks at the business side of tourism industry

and analyzes the risk factors and operational
method of the different entities

HISTORICAL APPROACH

• Focuses on the historical growth or decline of

activities and institutions
• Observe the industry as its starts and evolves
through time

MANAGERIAL APPROACH

• Studies the industry focusing on management

activities such as planning, research, advertising,
pricing, control, and other aspects essential in
operating tourism-related businesses.

ECONOMIC APPROACH

• The focus is on tourism’s contribution to the

country’s economic development and finances.

SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH

• Analyzes the impact of tourism to the

community based behavior, habits traditions, and
customs.

INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES

• It is a fusion of different fields that cross and are

brought together in order to bring about a
phenomenon.

• Disciplines including arts, sciences, technology,

medicine, culture, music and even politics affect
the tourism industry.

SYSTEM APPROACH

• Rationalizes and simplifies complex ideas and

presents them in an organized and synthesized
manner

GEOGRAPHICAL/DEMOGRAPHICAL
APPROACH

• Involve the subject educational attainment,

social status, general age grouping, and
population size.

PRODUCT APPROACH

• Focus on the product of tourism, its component

as well as it compatibility to the tourist
preferences