Prepared by:
MR. ANTONIO T. DELGADO
Faculty, General De Jesus College
FOCUS QUESTIONS
1. What is opinion?
2. What is argument? What are its parts?
3. What are fallacies?
4. Why is it important to avoid fallacies in forming
opinion?
2
TRUTH OR OPINION?
1. Listening to music reduces stress.
2. She talks loudly.
3. Mall of Asia is in Pasay City.
4. E = mc2
5. Ginebra will win the next PBA Cup.
6. Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972.
7. The soul starts a new life in a different physical
body after each death.
3
OPINION
4
5
“
6
“
7
“
…pero meron!
8
“
“Opinyon ko na
dapat mamatay
na tayong lahat.”
“
10
ARGUMENT
11
ARGUMENT
12
13
14
17
“
“Everyone is entitled
to his own opinion...”
19
20
FALLACIES
21
COMMON
FALLACIES
22
1.
AD BACULUM
27
3.
DIVISION
29
4.
AD HOMINEM
31
5.
AD POPULUM
37
38
6.
APPEAL TO AUTHORITY
40
7.
BEGGING THE QUESTION
42
8.
FALSE DICHOTOMY
44
9.
HASTY GENERALIZATION
46
47
48
10.
POST HOC
50
11.
MISSING THE POINT
52
12.
SPOTLIGHT FALLACY
54
20,000
Number of extrajudicial killings according to human rights groups
55
56
“
This is the front-page photo in the Philippine Daily
Inquirer’s July 24, 2016 issue showing pedicab
driver Michael Siaron’s lifeless body being cradled
in a Pieta-like pose by his partner. Siaron, the
newspaper claimed,* was executed by the police in
the course of President Duterte’s war against illegal
drugs. The photo went viral on the internet, with
Western newspapers publishing it on their own front
pages.
57
“
It turns out now, after more than a year of police
investigation, that the pedicab driver was killed by a
drug syndicate’s assassin, one Nesty Santiago,
who was also responsible for five other killings. The
unique scratches – like fingerprints – on the bullets
that murdered Siaron matched with the gun used by
the killer, recovered when he was killed in
December.
58
13.
STRAW MAN
60
14.
APPEAL TO EMOTION
62
15.
SLIPPERY SLOPE
64
EVALUATION
1. What is opinion?
2. What is argument? What are its parts?
3. What are fallacies?
4. Why is it important to avoid fallacies in forming
opinion?
65
THANKS!
ANY QUESTIONS?