SCIENTIFIC METHOD 3.

You can use your nose to smell the scent of the

object.
1. observe
4. If the object is safe for eating, you can use your
2. ask a question
tongue to know the taste.
3. make a prediction
5. You can use your hands to feel if the object is
4. make a plan
hard or soft, smooth or rough and light or heavy.
5. follow the plan
6. record the results
- When you observe you discover amazing things.
7. try the plan again
8. draw a conclusion
 DESCRIBING means telling something about what
you have observed
WHAT DO SCIENTISTS DO?
- Scientists use many skills when they work.
You have to observe very well to describe an object
- Scientists use other skills that you can use too
correctly.
- A scientist might make a model.
To describe:
MODEL – shows how something in real life looks.
1. You tell about the color, shape, size and
appearance of the object
 OBSERVE or look carefully – means you use your 5
2. You tell how it smells, tastes or feel if possible
sense organs: eyes, ears, nose tongue and skin
 COMPARE means finding or telling the similarities
What do you do when you observe an object:
and differences of two objects or things.
1. You look at the object closely so you can see its
color, size, shape and appearance
Things may be alike or different in characteristics
2. You use your ears to listen to the object that can
like size, color, shape, texture and taste.
make a sound.
  CLASSIFY means to group object according to their  COMMUNICATE means writing, drawing or telling
common traits or characteristics. your ideas.

HOW DO SCIENTISTS WORK? - SCIENTIFIC METHOD are the steps followed by the
scientists then they investigate
 MEASURE means identify how large or small, light
or heavy, long or short, hot or cold an object is.
 RECORD DATA means writing down what you
observe.
 PUT THINGS IN ORDER – mean to arrange the data
in some way. This is done after you have collected
your data.
 INFER means you use what you know to figure
something out. This is another skill scientists use.

HOW DO SCIENTISTS LEARN NEW THINGS?

 INVESTIGATE means making a plan and trying it
out.

- Scientists start by asking a question.

- They predict what the answer might be.

 PREDICT mean using what you know to tell what

you think will happen.
 DRAW CONCLUSIONS means using your
observation to explain what happens.
MATTER – is anything that takes up space and has
mass. It is everything around us.
MASS is the amount of matter in an object.
- The water you drink is matter.
- The air breathe is matter.
- Matter can be natural or made by people.
- We use matter everyday.
- Different objects have different amounts of mass.
- Sometimes a small object can have more mass than a
larger object.
- Matter has different colors, size and shape.
- They differ in weight and texture.
Balance or Platform Balance is an instrument used to
measure and compare mass.

WHAT ARE PROPERTIES?

PROPERTY is how matter looks, feels, smells, tastes, or
sounds.
- You can describe matter by talking about its
properties.
- Matter can feel smooth, rough, soft or hard.
- Matter can be thick or thin.
- Matter can be living or nonliving.
- Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
3 PHASES OF MATTER
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Solid Liquid Gas
Definite shape and shape Do not have definite shape. Do not have definite shape.
Takes the shape of their containers. Takes the shape of their
Without a container, liquids flow and containers.
have no shape
Has mass Has mass Has mass
They may be light or heavy
Occupies a definite space Occupies a definite space Dot no occupy a definite
space.
It can be held It flows.
You cannot hold them in your hands.
You can only hold them if they are
placed in containers.
FACTS FACTS FACTS
Some solids bend, others tear, Can be thin like milk or thick like It is colorless.
some float in the water, others honey. It cannot be seen.
sink. Liquid and gas have volume. It has no taste.
Some are made of different
It is important to all living
materials.
things.
Some metals, woods and
Air we breathe is made of
plastics are hard.
many gases.
Materials can be smooth or
OXYGEN is one of the gases
rough when you touch them.
we breathe.
Not all solids are hard
Measurement Measurement Measurement
Ruler – how long, wide or highVolume –is the amount of space Volume
Balance – tells how much mass something takes up.
it contains. Liquid can be measured to know its
volume through measuring cup.
Liquids are measured in milliliters
(ML), ounces (OZ), liter (L)
Examples Examples Examples
Stone, bag, paper, book, wood, Water, juice, soy sauce, fish sauce, Air, bubbles, air inside the
gems alcohol balloon, air inside the tire,
air inside a raft
PROPERTIES OF SOLID
ROCK GLASS YARN TOY SEA SPONGE CLAY

hard smooth soft blue yellow sticky

speckled breakable purple pointy soft bendable
jagged clear long and thin Plastic scratchy firm
WATER is liquid that exists in 3 phases
- Solid when it is frozen. It has definite shape.
- Liquid when it is at room temperature. Ice cubes
melt into liquid when heated.
- Gas when water is boiled, it is changed into
steam.
STEAM is the gaseous form of water.

Life Lessons
- There are certain substances in solid, liquid and
gas material affect living things.
- Some substances like chemicals in medicines,
detergents and other cleaning materials are
useful.
- They can also be harmful depending on the way
people use and handle them
- To avoid accidents, follow the safety measures in
taking medicines and handling specific
substances.
 HUMANS – SENSES
SENSE a way that the body learns about the world.
5 SENSE ORGANS of the BODY
1. EYE – the organ of sight
2. NOSE – the organ of smell
3. TONGUE – the organ of taste
4. EAR – the organ of hearing
5. SKIN – the organ of touch
What do sense organs do:
- tell you about things happening around
- helps us hear, see, smell and feel things
- helps distinguish the taste of food
- if we don’t take care of it, they become weak
and cannot work properly
- Most senses come from special parts of the head.
- But the sense of touch comes from skin all over the
body.
- Be thankful of the body parts that you have
- Take care and respect your body and bodies of
others as well
How do you use your senses?
- You use all of your senses every day.
- You may see things you need or dangers to avoid.
- They help you enjoy the world around you.
EYES lets you see the sizes, shapes and colors of things.
Caring for the eyes:
1. Eat food best for the eyes like eggs, carrots, sweet
potatoes and green leafy vegetables like spinach.
2. Do not rub your eyes when itchy. Wipe it with
clean tissue or handkerchief.
3. Avoid activities that strain or tire your eyes. Do not
stay too close at the TV or computer when
watching. Do not read in a moving vehicle.
4. Never look directly at the sun. This will blindness
and ultraviolet illnesses like cataract.
5. Take time to rest your eyes. Look at far and green
objects and close your eyes.
6. You must have a regular eye check-up.
- The ears lets you hear sounds.
EARS are organs for hearing
Care for the ears:
1. Protect your ears from
  loud blowing of horns
 yelling
 shouting
 full volume of radio/TV
2. Do not put small object inside your ear, like
hairpins, matchsticks, pencils, pens or any sharp
object to clean your ear
3. Clean the outer ear using a soft cloth
NOSE helps us in breathing and smelling. We inhale
and exhale through our nose.
- Many flowers smell good.
- The spray from a skunk smells bad.
Care for the nose:
1. Use clean cloth or handkerchief (not hands) to
cover your nose when sneezing or coughing
2. Cover the nose from dust, foul smell, cigarette
smoke and strong chemicals
3. Do not pick your nose
TONGUE helps us in chewing food, speaking and
forming sounds.
- The sense of taste comes from taste buds.
- Taste Buds are tiny bums on the tongue that helps
you identify the taste of something.
Care for the Tongue
1. good diet to keep it free from diseases
2. If tongue is burned while sipping hot soup, try to
drink ice water
3. See a doctor if there is severe pain
4. Avoid eating too hot or too cold food
SKIN
- is the largest organ of the body
- it protects your bones, muscles and internal organs
- it allows you to feel and react to heat and cold
- Touching tells how something feels.
- Things may feel hard or soft, smooth or rough and
hot or cold.
Care for the skin
o Take a bath every day. Use clean towel to dry
up.
o Wear clean and appropriate clothes. Use
comfortable footwear
o Eat fruits and green leafy vegetables
o Play inside when the sun shines overhead to
protect yourself from harmful effects of the sun.
o Drink at least 8 glasses of water every day.
PARTS OF THE BODY AND THEIR FUNCTIONS o the roots of the hair get food from blood
to make it grow.
MAIN PARTS OF THE BODY
1. Head 4 sense organs in the face make you
2. Trunk - see
3. Limbs - hear
- taste
1. HEAD – top part of your body - smell
Parts of the head
- eyes Skull
- ears - is the bone that supports the delicate organs of
- nose the face
- mouth - protects the brain, which is inside the head

Face – front part of the head. It is made up of: Neck

- forehead - connects the head to the trunk
- cheeks - it allows the head to move or turn left and
- chin right, upward and downward
- eyes 2. TRUNK or Torso
- nose - connects the head and limbs
- ears - it is supported by many bones
- mouth, parts: tongue, lips, teeth - it has many muscles
Hair – covers the top and back parts of the head - the bones protect the internal organs
to keep it warm
o hair grows out from a tiny hole in the Parts of the Trunk:
skin. - chest
- abdomen - some make the arms and shoulders work
together
CHEST – inside it are
- heart 3. LIMBS is the most movable part of the body.
- lunch Your fingers can pick up, grasp, hold objects, you
can extend your arms, use your lower limbs for
ABDOMEN – inside it are running, walking and jumping.
- stomach
- intestines 2 PARTS OF THE LIMBS
a. Upper Limbs
Navel or belly button is the part where the b. Lower Limbs
umbilical cord was once attached.
b. Upper Limbs
Umbilical cord connects the baby to the mother. o shoulders
Bones on the trunk make up o upper arms
- vertebral column o elbows
- ribs o forearms
- hipbones o wrists
o hands – consist of palm and fingers
Ribs
- are bones that supports the chest c. Lower Limbs
- it protects the heart and lungs o thighs
o knees
Muscles o lower legs
- some hold the body in upright position o ankles
- some connects the backbones and the hips o feet
 HUMANS - CHANGES AS YOU GROW
Your body changes in:
- size
- height, you grow taller
- weight, you grow bigger and heavier
As you grow old
- you grow taller
- you get bigger and heavier
- you can do more things – walk, run
- you are no longer able to use things when you
were younger
- you are now independent or do things on your
own
Similarities are the same traits or characteristics.
Differences are opposite or varying traits or
characteristics.
- Some children are small, some are tall.
- Some children are fat, others are thin.
Differences occur because of
- the food we eat, some eat the right kind of
food and grow faster than others
- physical traits are acquired from parents
As you grow you need:
- food that has nutrient to may you grow strong
and healthy. These nutrients give energy to
work and play
- Clothing and shelter
- regular exercise
- enough rest and sleep
- clean air and safe water to drink
- clean surroundings
LIFE CYCLE – are the changes you experience as you
grow older. It shows how living things grow, live, make
more of its own kind and die.
Lifecycle of human being:
- baby / infant / infancy
- childhood
- adolescence / teenage
- adulthood
- old age
INFANCY Stage is from birth to about 2 years.
- Infant or baby a human in infancy stage
- Babies sleep a lot.
- They need to be cared for.
- Babies slowly learn to crawl and walk.
 - Little by little they learn to talk and eat themselves
CHILD is from 2 years to about 12 years old
- A grade 2 pupil is a child.
- You are taller and bigger than a baby
- Height describes how tall you are
- Weight describes how heavy you are
- Your body grows stronger
- You learn to run, climb, jump and do more things
on your own.
- You learn to eat on your own
TEENAGER is from 13 to 18 years old
- Teenager’s body is so much like an adult’s body,
only younger
- Teenagers like doing things with his friends. They
like spending time together
- Sometimes they like to work on their own.
ADULTS is from 19 to 64
- The body become fully-grown.
- Most adults are working for their family.
- They may start a family of their own.
OLD AGE is from 65 and above
- Bodies grow weaker
- The muscles loose strength
- Skin wrinkles and their hair turns gray
HOW CAN PEOPLE STAY HEALTHY
GERMS are very tiny things that sometimes harm the
body
- Many germs are alive.
- Germs are everywhere.
- They can be in the air, in food or in the doorknob.
- Most germs are harmless. They can be helpful.
- Some germs can make you sick
- Germs are too small to see with just your eyes
TO STAY HEALTHY
- Be active every day. Exercise keeps your heart
and lungs healthy.
- Doctors and dentists can help you stay healthy as
you grow.
-
STOPPING GERMS
- You can stop germs by washing hands with soap
and warm water. Be sure to scrub well.
- You must take care of your body.
- Medicines and vaccines fight germs too.
- Vaccines helps your body stop germs before they
cause harm.
EATING HEALTHFUL FOODS
MyPyramid is a guide for healthful eating.
Healthful Meal contains foods from the five food
group.
Food Group is a group of foods that are alike.
Eat more foods from the largest slice of pyramid.
- Plan a healthy meal
- Include one food from each group
FOOD Groups – grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meats
& beans and oils
HEALTHFUL FOODS
- Foods can come from plants or animals.
- Grains, fruits and vegetables – give you energy to
work and play.
- Foods in the milk group – keep your bones strong.
- Meats, fish and beans help your muscles strong
- Food can carry germs too.
- Never eat spoiled foods.
- Some foods can be eaten raw but others must be
cooked.
- Mean must be cooked to be safe to eat.
KEEPING SAFE
- Safety is important everywhere
At Home or Indoors
- To stay safe indoors, do not touch dangerous
things.
- Tell an adult about it right away.
- Never taste anything without permission
- In case of fire, get out fast. If your clothes
catch fire, remember to stop, drop and roll.
- Never leave your toys scattered as you may
trip on them and get hurt
- Do not slide down the handrail of stairs
 In School
- Wait for your fetchers in the proper place. Do
not go with somebody you do not know.
- Check the play area for any sharp object.
Floors maybe slippery also
- Put your bags in the proper place
In the Streets
- Stay away from people you do not know
- Do not talk to strangers
- Tell your parents and teachers immediately if
somebody tries to hurt you or your classmates
Get Along
- Work and play well with others.
- Show others respect and care.
- Be fair and take turns when playing with one
another
- oxygen into the air.
PLANTS – WHAT LIVING THINGS NEED?
- Living things grow and change.
- Sometimes it is easy to tell when something is
living. You can see animals move, breathe air, eat
food and drink water.
- It may be harder to tell but plants are living things
too.
- Plants make their own food
Basic needs of Living things:
- Air
- Water
- Space to live and grow
- Food
How do plants make food?
- Plants have parts that help them make food
- Plants need sunlight, air, water to make their own
food.
- Plants also need minerals.
- Minerals are present in rock and soil that helps
plants grow.
- When plants make food, they give off gas called
- Oxygen is what humans and other animals breathe
in order to live.
Parts of the Plants and their Functions:
1. Roots – All plants have roots. Most are brown in
color. Some are green while others are white.
  It holds or anchors the plant in the soil.
 Many small roots and hair at the tip of each root
get water and minerals from the soil.
 Roots absorbs water and send it up to the stem
and leaves
Plants need water and minerals to grow and stay
alive.
2. Stems – are made up of many tiny tubes that extend
to the leaves and roots of the plant.
- Supports or holds the leaves, flowers and fruits
- It delivers food and water to all parts of the
plant.
- Some of the tiny tubes transport water from the
soil up to the leaves.
- Another group of tiny tubes transport food from
leaves down to the roots of the plant.
3. Leaves – mostly are green.
Stomata are the tiny holes in the leaves
- Green leaves make food for the plant.
- Carbon dioxide from the air enters to the tiny
holes of the leaves.
- Sunlight helps the green leaves change water and
carbon dioxide into food for the plant called
‘sugar’.
4. Flowers – have beautiful colors and some have
fragrant smell
- Flowers help produce new plants.
- Flower is part of a plant that can become a fruit.
- Most fruits have seeds.
- Seed can grow into a new plant
- Ovary is a part of a flower that develops into a
fruit which has seeds.
- The seeds in fruits produce a new plant when they
are planted.
- Many flowers make pollen.
- POLLEN is a sticky power inside the flower that
helps make seeds.
o Animals, like birds and bees can move
pollen between flowers.
o Wind and water can also move pollens.
5. Fruits contains the seed of a plant.
- Fruits protects the seeds inside.
- When fruit is ripe, it can be picked.
- The seeds inside the fruit can grow into new
plants.
 - Some fruits are eaten by people and animals but
there are some that are eaten by animals only.
HOW DO SEEDS LOOK LIKE?
- Most plants make seeds.
- SEED has a very small new plant inside. It has food
inside the new plant uses to grow.
- There are many different shapes and sizes of seeds.
- Seeds have many parts.
- Seed Coat – is thin and dark brown. It keeps the
seeds from drying out. Some seeds have hard
shells.
HOW DO SEEDS GROW?
- A seed sprouts and becomes a seedling or a young
plant
- Most plants follow the same life cycle as their parent
plants.
- Different kinds of plants have different life cycles.
- Some plants live for just a few weeks. Others live for
many years.
HOW PLANTS LIKE THEIR PARENTS?
- Plants look and act like their parents in the same
was as humans, animals like cats and dogs do.
- TRAIT is the way plants or animals look or act.
- Some plants might look a little different from their
parents.
- The plants will still have the same shape of flowers,
petals and leaves or sometimes the fruits.

Lifecycle of a plant HOW ARE PLANTS CLASSIFIED?

- Seeds 1. Trees are tall and large plants
- Sprout - have one main stem called trunk
- Seedling or Young plant - trunk of a tree is strong and woody
- Adult plant

- Seeds need a warm place, light, water and food in

order to grow.
2. Shrubs – smaller than trees
- have many branches
- have woody stems like trees.
- Some shrubs bear flowers.
- They grow near the ground.

HOW DO PLANTS SURVIVE IN DIFFERENT PLACES?

3. Herbs are small plants.
- their stems and leaves are green and soft.
- Plants have parts to get what they need to survive.
- The roots from seeds always grow down.
- Some plants have many leaves, other have few or
no leaves.
- Plants have ways to stay safe from animals.
- Other plans need to stay safe from weather where
they live.

4. Vines are crawling plants.

- they have soft stems
- vines twine their stems around a support
I. D. Write TK for thick liquid and TN for thin liquid I. C. Draw a for liquids that can be tasted and
for liquids that can not be tasted.
________ 1. Tomato sauce
________ 1. tea
________ 2. yakult
________ 2. Cooking oil
________ 3. Liquid foundation
________ 3. vinegar
________ 4. slime
________ 4. perfume
________ 5. egg
________ 5. lotion
________ 6. Maple syrup
________ 6. Baby oil
________ 7. yogurt
________ 7. Nail polish
________ 8. pudding
________ 8. soup
________ 9. Apple sauce
________ 9. ink
________ 10. coffee
________ 10. Water from the canal
I. B. Write S – Solid, L – Liquid and G - Gas I. B. Write S – Solid, L – Liquid and G - Gas
________ 1. Ice cubes ________ 1. lemonade

________ 2. paint ________ 2. shower

________ 3. tea ________ 3. vinegar

________ 4. sweat ________ 4. pencil

________ 5. books ________ 5. Steam from coffee or hot water

________ 6. coffee ________ 6. ink

________ 7. Air in a ball ________ 7. banana

________ 8. oil ________ 8. perfume

________ 9. fumes ________ 9. wind

________ 10. Fire ________ 10. clouds