Chapter 1

Introduction
Technology is the development and use of basic tools. Technology is the innovation of simple
item to be useful and make easier the daily task of people. During prehistoric age our ancestors discover a
simple invention of technology such as wheel which help them to travel easier and control their
environment. While in historic age more invention of technology has been discovered such as telephones,
printing press and internet that lessen our barriers to communicate with others (Grabb ,1823). We use
technology to help us to solve our daily problems such as in our house choir and also in our works.
According to Webster (1828) technology is the practical application of knowledge especially in a
particular area. It is making new progress in an invention for a particular area to make that area more
effective and efficient to the people. Technologies is a manner of accomplishing a task especially
using technical processes, methods, or knowledge. Technologies is also the specialized aspects of a
particular field of endeavor.
Although technology is very useful nowadays and it help us a lot in such particular aspects like
in communicating, accomplishing house choir with less hassle and doing work with fast approach using
internet and gadgets. There have negative effects of overused of technology that we neglect every time we
do enjoy and comfortable to used it. That negative effects maybe can bring us illness or diseases and
maybe can change daily lifestyle.
Addiction in technological gadgets is a habitual or continue repetition in one activity. That
habitual activity may lead to the people to the rare problems nowadays and that is having a negative effect
in their physical and mentally health. If most of the people didn’t controlled themselves in using
technological gadgets that will maybe lead them to the psychological problems such as insomnia,
irritability and depression (Young ,1998). Most of the people nowadays especially generation Y are
addicted to the gadgets they have, mostly is the mobile phones or cell phones, computer or laptop, smart
gadgets and services: internet those are the technologies that really lead to the people to be addicted.

Background of the study

Technology can be most broadly defined as the entities, both material and immaterial, created by
the application of mental and physical effort in order to achieve some value. In this usage, technology
refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve real-world problems. A gadget is a small
technological object (such as a device or an appliance) that has a particular function, but is often thought
of as a novelty. Gadgets are invariably considered to be more unusually or cleverly designed than normal
technological objects at the time of their invention. Gadgets are sometimes also referred to as gizmos.
Technology and human life cannot be separated; society has a cyclical co-dependence on technology. The
use of technology, depends on daily life and needs and demands. Humans use technology to travel, to
communicate, to learn, to do business and to live in comfort. However, technology has also caused us
concerns. Its poor application has resulted in the pollution of the environment and it has also caused a
serious threat to people lives and society. This calls for the proper use of technology. The biggest
challenge facing generation Y is to determine the type of future need to have and then create relevant
technologies which will simplify the way we do things. It is impossible to explore how each new
advanced technology has impacted lives and how it will impact the future. Technology impacts the
environment, people and the society as a whole. The way we use technology determines if its impacts are
positive to or negative to the people health and lifestyle.

This research reports the findings of our study to establish the factors of negative and positive
impact of using technological gadgets in our health and lifestyle. In order the future researchers will
understand more our research and for the readers will know the effects of being addicted in technological
gadgets. According to Soffar (2015) that there are many positive and negative impact of technological
gadgets. In the positive or advantages of technology there are so many uses such as to travel, to
communicate, to learn, to do business, and to live in comfort. Technology also helped us to communicate
easily to our love ones and easy to send or receive important files that you need. However, the negative
part of technology are they don’t remember to socialize to other, they have not enough time to use their
imagination or to read and think deeply about the material and some people used the technological
gadgets to unlock privacy.

Objective of the study

This objective aims to help the readers to understand if does the technological gadgets affects to
health and life style of senior high school students in Our Lady of Fatima University. The importance of
this objective is to give ideas to the readers about the content and possible conclusion of this study.

The five main objectives of this study are:

1. To study the effects of overusing of technological gadgets in health and lifestyle of a senior high school
student.

2. To make conclusions on why the student are addicted to technological gadgets.

3. To know how much time is being spent on using technological gadgets.

4.To make conclusions if the technological gadgets are having a positive and negative effect in health and
life style.
5. To help generation Y how to cope to the negative effect of being addicted in technological gadgets.

Statement of the Problem

This study tends to determine the effects of technological gadgets in our health and daily lifestyle
and to identify the effects which really affects to the health and lifestyle of a person.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographical profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
2. What are the impact to them of using technological gadgets in terms of:
2.1. Negative impact
2.2. Positive impact
3. What are the common gadgets they used?
3.1. mobile/cellphones
3.2. computer/laptop
3.3. smart gadgets
4. What are the effect of technological gadgets in terms of:
4.1. physical health
4.2. Mental health
4.3. daily lifestyle

Hypothesis

There are negative and positive effects of technological gadgets to the health and lifestyle of
random Senior High School student participants of Our Lady of Fatima University.

Scope and Delimitation

This study was conducted during the 1st semester of the school year 2018-2019 to identify how’s
the level of addiction on technological gadgets of the Our Lady of Fatima University: Senior High School
both grade 11 and grade 12 students (Quezon City branch), and to determine what are the impacts of it to
their health and lifestyle.

Respondents of the study are limited to all college students of said university. The nature of study
used a survey papers to 50 random respondents. The researchers did not force every Senior High School
students to participate in this survey. Although the research has reached its aims, researchers are limited to
amount of financial resources and time framework.

Significance of the study

 This study aims to give the benefits, contribution and show the importance of this research. The
result of this research is significance to the students, teachers, parents and future researchers.

The result of this research will help the students to remain their awareness about their
responsibilities while using gadgets because maybe it may affect their lifestyle and health if they use it
irresponsible. This study also helps the students to understand the importance and the possible effects of
using technological gadgets. This research will be used as a guide and reference to them.

This research will help the teachers to give knowledge to their students and discipline their pupil
on how to properly use their gadgets so it may not affect their lifestyle and health. Teachers would able to
understand the different approach of the students to technological gadgets and the effects of technological
gadgets to the health and lifestyle of the students.

This study is also beneficial to the parents because it may remind them on their role for their
children. Because parents are the one who will guide their children on the proper use of gadgets to avoid
their children to the negative risk bring by technological gadgets. This study shows the possible risk it
may be happen if they don’t monitor their children. This research helps the parents about how they would
cope up with the common phenomenological issues today and that is addiction in technological gadgets.

This study is important for the future researchers because it may give ideas and useful reference
to them if they will plan to conduct the same study. This study helps them to get some information’s that
they could use in their research study.

Overall, this research study helps the students, teachers, parents and future researchers to
overcome the common issue in using technological gadgets and to understand the effects of it in health
and lifestyle.

Definitions of terms

Technological gadgets- A gadget is a small technological object (such as a device or an appliance) that
has a particular function, but is often thought of as a novelty (power system,2009).

In this study technological gadgets are the main topic of our study.

Health- the condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit (Mirriam webster,1828).

In this study those people who abusing the uses of technological gadgets might affect their heath
if they did not use it properly.
Lifestyle- A way of living of individuals, families (households), and societies, which they manifest in
coping with their physical, psychological, social, and economic environments on a day-to-day basis
(Business dictionary,2009).

In this study lifestyle will also affected by being addicted to technological gadgets like in health.

Generation Y- Generation-Y i.e. the present generation is psychologically addicted to the social Medias
like face book, Twitter, Linked in etc. The addiction causes intra-psychic conflicts such as intolerance and
relapse among the youth (Cabral, 2011).

In this study generation y serve as the subjects of research.

Internet-is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol
suite(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies (Wikipedia 2018).

In this study internet is the common wireless connection that will give us more chance to access
anything in the world of technological gadgets.

Smart gadgets- A smart device, as the name suggests, is an electronic gadget that is able to connect,
share and interact with its user and other smart devices. Although usually small in size, smart devices
typically have the computing power of a few gigabytes (techopedia dictionary,2008).

In this study smart gadgets serve as example of technological gadgets.

Mobiles/cell phones- A cell phone is a type of telephone which does not need wires to connect it to a
telephone system (Collins dictionary,2015).

In this study mobiles/cell phones serve as example of technological gadgets.

Computer/ Laptop- An electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program (oxford dictionary,1999).

In this study computer/laptop serve as example of technological gadgets.

Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
 This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the in-depth search done by the
researchers and it includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions, methodologies and
others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and
similar to the present study.

Local Literature

Technological gadgets are an approach which widely being used nowadays. Through
technological gadgets students can use it in their everyday lives if its needed. There are tools we can use
for studying the present topic which is “Does Technological Gadgets affects the health and lifestyle of a
student’s”.

According to Jimenez (2018) that using technological gadgets has a negative effect on health.
Excessive use of gadgets such as mobile phones, tablets, and computer desktops can use physical and
mental damage to a child. A child will likely to become overweight and develop seizure and vision
problems when they spend too much time using gadgets. Also state that the thinking and emotional
development during the first five years of a child is crucial. Allowing them to spend more than two hours
a day can impact irreversible damage such as slow cognitive development and attention deficit.

According to O’ connor (2016) that a recent of com study found that the average adult clocks up a
whopping eight hours 41 minutes engaged in some form of media or digital communication, compared to
an average of eight hours 21 minutes sleeping in a 24-hour period. That means we spend more than half
of our waking hours staring at a device of some kind. According to O’ connor (2016) there are possible
negative outcomes that may affects on a health of a person who using gadgets improperly including Tech
neck, Sleep deprivation, BlackBerry thumb, Tunes tinnitus, E-mentia, Laptop laziness, and Screen strain.

According to Parry (2016), There are many studies that consider the negative impacts that
technology has on individuals. There are also studies which show the positive impacts of technology on
individuals. Other studies take both sides into consideration and reveal a balanced approach regarding the
impacts of technological services and devices. According to his findings “Technology has become
important in our daily lives” (Ramey, 2012). Technological devices may have positive effects on
individuals as creativity skills and strategic thinking can be revealed.

The following studies highlight some of the negative factors accosted with technology and the
use of technological devices.

“Keeping the kids busy during a long car ride is a cinch thanks to digital devices that will play
apps, games, music, movies and TV shows. But children often wear earbuds and headphones, and in
doing so, risk irreversible eardrum damage if the volume is too loud. Further, the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) confirms that computer screens emit low level of x-ray radiation. While there is
no evidence that this radiation results in health problems, the EPA also advises that you limit your child’s
time with a computer or tablet in on their laps and in front of their faces. Also, because enjoying digital
devices tends to be a sedentary pastime, children may be more susceptible to weight gain” (Walsh, 2012).

According to UNTV News (2013), There is an effect of over using technological gadgets to a
health of a person. They found a news in South England that there’s a child that who’s digital addict,
because of using gadgets improperly the child subject to digital detox. It will cost one million for digital
detox. And according to Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), Using technological
gadgets must have a limitation. Because sometimes it is possible that they will copy what they see in any
social medias, also using technological gadgets can affect in study of a person.

According to Ventocilla (2017) People are living in a new generation now, which is everything a
person does is depend on technology. According to his research there is a good effect of technological
gadgets to a Filipino’s, but sometimes people using it improperly. He found that the positive effects of
using technological gadgets of a person’s life are people are quick to respond, easy to have a connection
in other people or have a communication in an easy way, easy to spread information’s, and by
technological gadgets it can expand your imagination, etc. And also there’s a negative effect which are it
can affect on a study of a person because of an online and offline games, and using gadgets person can be
lazy, etc.

According to Bermudez (2016), That using technological gadgets has a good use in a classroom.
Technological gadgets can help in teaching of a lessons, it can help to discuss some lessons easily and
more creative. Many school in Philippines using a technological gadget, because by technological gadgets
students can easily find information’s.

According to Dela Cruz (2008), He states that many people are arguing about the effects of using
technological gadgets either it’s good or bad. Many people believed that using technological gadgets has a
negative effect in society and in a person’s life. Also there are many people think that it has a good effect
in people’s life because it can help in everyday life.

According to Solar (2015), Technological gadgets is being use in everyday life. But many
Filipinos using technology in a wrong way. According to her technology is very important, mostly in a
students and teachers. But whenever that a student has a homework they depend on internet rather to
gather information’s by books, many students didn’t read books because of technology. So according to
solar there is a negative effect of using technological gadgets.
Foreign Literature

Technology plays vital role in our daily lives. These include electronic games, home computers,
handheld devices, and different type of gadgets. Gadgets are popular in children and as likely in elders.
This paper presents the impacts of gadgets on children in positive and negative manner. Research has
been conducted in how gadgets impacts on cognitive and motor skills of children (Sundus M, 2017).

One of the biggest difference in the way that children live today is that they don’t get as much
exercise as they used to. This is because technology such as computers, smart phones, and television
encourages them to be sedentary when they get home from school, as opposed to going outside and
playing with others kids. Child obesity rates have risen drastically over the past several decades. In 2012,
the child obesity rate was measured to be 18 percent which is an 11-point difference from the obesity rate
in 1980. Since technology is full of stimuli and often requires paying attention to many different things at
once, children who play many video games or spend most of their time online tend to have less of an
ability to focus than kids who use technology minimally. Technology changes the way kids socialize and
interact with others, which can have huge impacts on their mental and emotional well-being. It has now
become common knowledge that high levels of social media use, in both kids and adults, can lower self-
esteem and create negative moods (MCOptom, 2017).

On average, students in the 2005 study reported that they spend 11 to 15 hours a week using
technology. Despite the increase in all types of technology, little is known about how these technologies
impact student development (Lewis, Coursol, & Khan, 2001).

As suggested by Mayer, Griffith, Jurkowits & Rothman (2008) the perception of display on a
multimedia application is a significant importance in terms of transfer learning. In fact, too much
multimedia stimulation can interfere with the deeper cognitive processing that is critical to learning.
Technological devices may affect the learning performance of the students in negative result if they failed
to use properly those devices in the right way.

Although this paper already discussed the negative impacts of the technological gadgets/devices
on our cognitive and motor skills, this isn’t to say that all technological gadgets/devices is bad or we
should never use it. Technological gadgets/devices are better sources for learning, entertaining and
socializing for the youth which can help them to distract from daily stresses of life but it should always be
monitored and appropriately.

A perception by colleges is that technology will have a positive impact on student learning.
Academically, computers allow students to communicate with faculty more often, which can improve
student-faculty relationships. Students claim to have a better understanding of course material through the
use of technology in the classroom (Arend, 2005).

Based on Dunn and Scott (2005) science and technology is the root of emerging innovations in
this world. For many years now, a person in this field of expertise does not stop to reshape the landscape
of today’s business world.

Continuing innovations in technologies can lead to organizational changes that range from
improvement of day to day operation and for easy access it provides for the end users (Forman 2007).

According to Muir-Herzing (2008) technology has revolutionized the field of education. The
importance of technology in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset of computers in educations,
it has become easier for teachers to impart knowledge and for students to acquire it. The use of
technology has made the process of teaching and learning enjoyable.

‘Tools for learning’ believes that there is no single magical formula for motivating students. Many
factors affect a given students' motivation to work and to learn: Interest in subject matter, perception of its
usefulness, general desire to achieve, self-confidence and self-esteem, as well as patience and persistence.
With colorful and attractive graphics, interesting and illustrative animations, appropriate sound effects,
ICT provides multisensory stimulations and real-world experiences. Teachers using ICT in teaching
process can gain the learners' attention, motivate students to spend more time on learning activities with
greater concentration, and engage them through production work. ICT can extend the range of alternative
teaching methods beyond the conventional classroom e.g. self-paced learning, collaborative team or
group activities, and distance learning (Davis, 1993).

Dalton (1998) asserts that training is directed at changing people's knowledge, experience, skills
and attitudes. The scarcity of adequately trained and experienced analysts, software engineers, systems
and network managers, restrains ICT development education system in Uganda. He emphasized the
importance of training for the adoption and diffusion of computers in schools.

Internet continues to grow beyond our belief. About 32.7% of the world’s population has access
to the social networking sites like Face book, Twitter, Linked-In, YouTube, Flicker, blogs, wikis, and
many more which let people of all ages rapidly share their interests of the moment with others
everywhere. So the interconnectedness throughout the world is growing rapidly due to internet use
(Tsitsika & Janikian, 2013).

As stated by Holmes (2006) “The Internet is neither an extraordinary communication tool nor
revolutionary. It simply represents the current stage in the development of human capabilities through
written language, which itself derived from the spoken form”. The statement only shows that
advancement in modern technology is at higher peak.

According to Papert (1980) implementing the use of computers as a learning tools for children are
the most adequate for them to create a great constructivist framework. He felt that using computers
instead of the traditional tools such as pencils, copies, and texts were not appropriate to modify and
assemble the ideas their want to discuss in presentation or in written works.

Based on Sandholtz et al. (1997) having computers as a teaching method in schools, many
student’s attitudes were creating a positive change. The motivation and their interest increased until the
last day of the week in schools because they are with computers. On work ‘Teaching with Technology,
creating student-centered classroom; the students’ enthusiasm become highly involved especially in doing
their assignment with the little assistance of course of computers.

Those individuals who are engaged in high level of technical activities through the digital devices
are better in performing cognitive tasks. The effective use of the gadgets may have positive impacts on
cognitive thinking and also makes them master multitasking (Ophir, Nass & Wagner, 2009).

Motivation is a fundamental concern among teachers and students. Motivating students is a

continual problem throughout education and although there are no clear cut solutions, there are several
strategies to help teachers with the dilemma (Linnenbrink & Pintrich, 2003).

According to Taylor (2012) the technology can help to the hospital through monitoring the
specific needs of the patience. Also, technology provides a new invention which can help to the doctors
for successful saving the life of their patients.
Conceptual Framework

Technological
gadgets can easier Improper balance
the daily tasks of time.

“Does
Technological
Gadgets Affects
Can help the the Health and
student through Lifestyle of the Can change an
technological Senior High lifestyle of an
gadgets School Students in individual.
Our Lady of
Fatima
Students can University?”
engage their
memory skills
through reading It can affect the
and playing using health commonly
technological mental health.
gadgets.

Figure 1.

The conceptual model of the study (figure 1) shows the negative and positive factors of the
technological gadgets to the random Senior high school students of Our Lady of Fatima University. The
figure 1 shows the relationship of the negative and positive effects to the students. The left side boxes
show the positive effects of technological gadgets to the students according to the review of the related
literature. In the boxes at the right side are the possible negative effects of technological gadgets to the
students.
Research Paradigm

Interpreting what
Demographic Profile Gather, Collect data would be the possible
of the students: by visiting the place effects to the Senior
1.1. Age where the researchers High School students
1.2. Gender conducting their of Our Lady of
research, Distribution Fatima University in
of questioners. using technological
gadgets.

Figure 2.

A paradigm (Figure 2) uses an Input-Process-Output (IPO) model. It shows the inputs from the
research subject or participants, the process is how the study conducted, and last the expected output of
this research.

The Paradigm shows the process of this study to determine if does technological gadgets affect to
the health and lifestyle of the students. The inputs are the subject who will proof the possible effects of
technological gadgets to them. The inputs in the first box show the profile of the respondents in terms of
age and gender. The second box shows the process how the researchers perform the survey. As you can
see to the figure the second box consisting gather, collecting data and distributing of questioners this are
the process how the researchers gather an information and answer to the respondents. The last box shows
the output or how the researchers interpreted the possible effects to the Senior High School students of
Our Lady of Fatima University in using technological gadgets. Additionally, several conclusions and
recommendations will be identify after the researchers collected the questioners.