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DE 520 SYSTEM
I General Manual

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 THE DE 520 SYSTEM
GEESfERAL MANUAL

o •

i Produced by
I IDP Software
^ British Olivetti Limited
t 30 Berkeley Square
2001CX)1 London
' W1X 6AH
INTRODUCTION

The Olivetti DE 520 System is an expandable data handling system centred around a
prograrnmed microprocessor control unit. Format Programs, entered via the keyboard or
magnetic tape cassette, control the microprocessor which In turn can control a range of
peripheral devices through Input/Output channels; the peripheral devices controlled
Include:
Magnetic Tape Cassettes
Computer Compatible Magnetic Tape
Serial Printers
, Communications
It Is also possible, using the Olivetti Standard Interface "IPSO", to connect up to four
additional peripheral devices to the DE 520 System. This extra option allows the DE 520
System to handle data to and from a wide range of devices.
This manual describes the functions of the central microprocessor and its format
program instructions. It is a general manual; more detailed information on the DE 520
System and its peripheral devices are available In the following manuals:
1. The DE 520 and Magnetic Tape
2. The DE 520 and Serial Printers
3. The DE 520 and Communications
4. The DE 520 and "IPSO" Devices.
CONTENTS CONTINUED

ACCUMULATOR FIELDS 22
Functional Description 22
Field Controls 22
Keying into Accumulator Fields 22
Operation 23
Record/Group Separator Control Characters 23
Auto-Separator Controls 24
Endof-Record Control 24
Print Format Function Characters 25
Manual Operation in Free-Form Mode 25
Input/Output Error's 26
ERROR MESSAGES 27
General Error Recovery 27
Input/Output Errors 27
Enter, Verify and-Batch Modes 28
Storage and Activation of Format Programs 28
Character Mode Control in the Enter or Verify Operation 28
Data Processing Cycle 29
Input 29
Processing 29
Enter Mode 31
Verify Mode 31
Batch Mode 31
Release 32
Output 32
Appendix A1 Free-Form Mode Dependent Function Keys
A2 Free-Form Mode Only Function Keys
A3 Enter Mode Dependent Function Keys
A4 Skip Key in Enter Programmed Control Operation
A5 Verify Mode Dependent Function Keys
A6 Skip Key in Verify Programmed Control Operation
A7 Batch Mode Dependent Function Keys
B1 DE 523 International Keyboard-ASCII Conversion
82 Format Program Control Characters
83 System Configurator
Figures 1 Basic System Organisation 4
2 ROM Layout 5
3 DE 523 Basic Machine 12
4 Data Processing Cycle 14
5 Enter, Verify and Batch Processing Cycle 30
 CONTENTS Page

Introduction 1
Contents 3
DE 523 TERMINAL 4
System Organisation of the DE 523 4
DE 523 EQUIPMENT 5
Programmed Micro-Processor 5
Buffer Storage 5
I CONTROL SWITCHES 6
I ON/OFF Switch 6
I The Cursor 6
I Reset Button 6
r OPERATING KEYBOARD 7
i Data Section (the keyboard) 7
^ Control Section 7
I Section A-Operational Modes Function Keys 8
i Section B-Record Control Function Switches 9
I Section C-Manual Executive Keys 9
Screen (CRT) 11
''W Cassette Compartments
t' Peripheral Devices
Devices Assignment Code
1211
12
Device Identification Code 12
- Input/Output Assignment Code 13
t Overlap of Device Operation 14
I Overlap Determination Rules 14
j Operational Modes of the DE 523 14
Free-Form Mode .15
I Format Programs 15
i Format Program Function Characters 16
f Continuation Characters 16
i Normal Field 16
f Left Fill Field 17
t Auto Duplication Fields 17
I Auto-Skip Fields 18
• Optionally Skipped Field 18
Auto-Increment Field 19
Omission Detection Fields 19
f Capacity-Controlled Field 19
^ Check Digit Field 20
f ' Operation 20
< Calculation 20
I Modulus 10 Algorithm 20
^ Modulus 11 (2-7) Algorithm 21
Modulus 11 (2-9) Algorithm 21
 THE DE 523 TERMINAL
SYSTEM ORGANIZATION OF THE DE 523

A logical organization of the DE 523 terminal system is shown In Fig. 1. Most of the
peripherals connected may be assigned as input or output devices as shown in the
diagram. Note that the printer cannot be designated as an input device. Data records
can be set-up on the output device either from the assigned input device or by manual
entry on the keyboard. This operation is controlled by format programs loaded into the
two program buffers either from the format device or the input buffer, via the keyboard.
Data contained in the input buffer and the format programs is displayed on the screen.
Also displayed is all relevant information as regards the type of data records that have to
be»set-up..Data records can be transmitted sequentially to two output devices.

Format
FMAT Buffers
DEV
2 X 217

Input
INPT Buffer
CRT
DEV 217
Characters
—I

I OUT
DEV
Output
Buffers
Keyboard
217
Characters II OUT
DEV

FIG. 1 BASIC SYSTEM ORGANIZATION

C.R.T. BRILLIANCE CONTROL

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 THE DE 523 EQUIPMENT

THE PROGRAMMED MICRO-PROCESSOR

The basic terminal is provided with 32K bits of MOS read only memory containing the
basic programs. These programs provide the functional logic for control of the system,
including the keyboard, the display unit and cassette device but excluding the other in
puts. Additional memory may be added to the system in 4K bits plug-in units to handle
additional peripherals. A pictorial representation of the memory organization is shown in
Fig. 2.

BUFFER STORAGE

The basic terminal is provided with 1K bytes of high-speed Random Access Memory
(RAM). This memory is divided into four 217 - character buffers, two for data and two for
format programs with the remaining locations reserved for utilization by the ROM
programs. THE MAXIMUM LENGTH DATA RECORD OR FORMAT PROGRAM WHICH
MAY BE CONTAINED IN EACH BUFFER AT ANY ONE TIME IS 216 CHARACTERS
SINCE AN END-OF-RECORD CODE MUST FOLLOW THE LAST DATA CHARACTER.
However it should be noted that special program chaining techniques can be used in
processing data where the format programs require more than 216 characters.

ROM A ROM B

8X4K BITS 8X4K BITS

CTL CTL Printer Tape

3 2

CTL Cassette Tape

5

Fixed

CTL CTL
Comm. Comm.
1 4

CTL CTL IPSO

IPSO
7 6

VARIABLE PLUG-IN

FIG. 2. R.O.M. LAYOUT

5
 CONTROL SWITCHES

ON/OFF SWITCH

The ON/OFF switch is beneath the front of the machine at the right hand corner. When
switched on, F-FORM is displayed on the first (status) line on the screen. Towards the
right of this line, two asterisks are also displayed. On the next line, the two arithmetic
registers are displayed. On the third line, towards the left of the screen, the cursor is
displayed in its 'home' position.

The Cursor

The Cursor indicates the current data entry or processing position on the screen. The
cursor symbol is displayed as a flashing underline alternating with the character con
tained in the cursor position. The cursor is only active when the keyboard is active and
operator keying is required.

RESET BUTTON

To the left of the ON/OFF Switch there is a button which, when depressed, completely
resets the DE fi23 system (program memory, data memory and screen), halting the
operation in progress.

TONE GENERATOR

A tone generator is incorporated to assist when operating the machine according to

format programs. For example, the tone generator bleeps if entries exceed the specified
capacity of a field. The tone generator is capable of generating either a short duration
click or the longer duration bleep. A volume control lever is located beneath the right
hand side of the machine.
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 THE OPERATING KEYBOARD
This has been divided into two main sections, the Data section and the Control section.

THE DATA SECTION (THE KEYBOARD)

This is the electronic keyboard which permits up to 2.500 strokes per minute. It is divided
into two sections, D and E. (as shown opposite page 7). Section E is the alphanumeric
keyboard with the shift key being used to encode, where indicated, upper characters of
the keys. Use of the shift key is ignored by single-character keys. The shift key also
affects, in the same way, character keys in section D.

Section D has:
1. Numeric character keys (0-9).
2. The minus sign key - this is depressed for a negative numeric field.
3. The Skip bar - the function of this bar varies according to the mode of
operation.
4. Three special function keys.

Dup. key - Depression duplicates last character or field keyed in.

Comp. key - End-of-record code.
Error Reset key - Depression acknowledges error and clears error
signal displayed.

5. Nine function control characters - BS, FS, RS. VT, FF, LF. EM, HT, CR,
ESC.

The keyboard is monitored by the format programs only when it needs data or control in
formation from the operator. Thus in 'automatic' terminal operation the alphnumeric and
numeric keyboards are locked out to the operator. To assist the operator in determining
the state of the keyboard, either of two audible responses is heard. When the keyboard is
locked, each keystroke results in an alarm to indicate that the key was not processed.
When the keyboard is active, there is a click to indicate a key has been processed. Elec
tronic Roll-over-Detection is provided to prevent two keys being processed
simultaneously.

THE CONTROL SECTION

j The control section is labelled A, B and C and is situated immediately above the
I electronic keyboard.
SECTION A - OPERATIONAL MODES FUNCTION KEYS

key function

FREE-FORM The terminal is set-up In the F-FORM mode when first switched
on, or the Reset or Free Form key depressed. This causes the
mode message F-FORM to be displayed and the cursor brought
to the 'home' position. It allows keyboard entry into the input
buffer (CRT): Input/Output Device assignment code entry;
manual control of the assigned l/O's and enables a choice of
the Enter, Verify or Batch operations.

ENTER When the Enter key is depressed the F-FORM message is

replaced by an ENTER message on the screen. Depression of
the Enter key, followed by the depression of either Prog 1 or
Prog 2 key, enables the operator to key in data under program
control.

VERIFY When depressed the F-FORM message is replaced by a VERIFY

message on the screen. Depression of the Verify key, followed
by the depression of either Prog 1 or Prog 2 key allows the
operator a second-entry verification of data under program
control.

PROG 1/PROG 2 When depressed, either PROG 1 or PROG 2 is displayed to the

right of either the ENTER or the VERIFY message. This
indicates the format program which is controlling the data
processing.
NEXT FMAT When depressed, this key does not display any additional
message. It loads the next two format programs from the format
device, usually a cassette, into the program buffers. The first
format program is styled PROG. 1 and the second PROG. 2. The
first line of each of the two format programs is then displayed.

ESC When depressed, this key releases the operator from any format
program controls. Also any program control status displayed is
cleared.

I/O SLOT When depressed, the message SLOT is displayed to the

right of the F-FORM message. After depression, an acceptable
devices' assignment code must be keyed in. This code is
displayed between the two asterisks on the screen. Once
assigned, the code remains effective until the I/O SIct key is
depressed again when another (or the same) code can be keyed
In.

BATCH When depressed, the message BATCH replaces the F-FORM

message displayed. This can oe described as a 'record search*
key. With a search format in PROG. 1 buffer, depression of this
key causes the machine to search records held on the input
device. When it encounters a record that matches the search
format, the record can either be written on the assigned output
device or be held and displayed on the screen. This kev is also
used in pooling records from the input device (e.g. cassettes) to
the output device (e.g. magnetic tape).

To process every record, tho Comp. key character is loaded into

Program 1 buffer before iho Batch key is depressed.
SECTION B - RECORD CONTROL FUNCTION SWITCHES

key function

AUTO REL When flipped to the right, this switch is ON and in that position
records are automatically transferred from the output buffer
onto the specified output device.

In the OFF position, the 'release* of records for outputing is

under keyboard control. Having set up a record with the End-of-
Record character at the end, a subsequent depression of the
Comp. key releases the record for output.

Optionally, and only in Batch operation, the depression of the

Skip key causes the record to be rejected and the next input
requested. The Free-Form and Esc keys are also active in this
state and perform their normal functions.

AUTO FIELD When flipped to the right, this switch is ON and specified fields
are automatically duplicated on subsequent records. The fields
are specified by the format programs being used. If in the OFF
position, the fields would have to be keyed in for each record.

II OUT When flipped to the right, this switch is ON and enables

automatic output to the specified second output device. In the
OFF position the specified second output device is ignored, this
allows the operator optional secondary output.

SECTION C - MANUAL EXECUTIVE KEYS

THESE ARE THE 15 KEYS LOCATED AT THE TOP RIGHT

HAND CORNER OF THE OPERATING KEYBOARD.

FMAT, INPUT. These are the device address keys. The machine should be in
I OUT, II OUT. FREE-FORM mode prior to the depression of any of these keys.
These keys condition the terminal for remote device operation
by positioning the cursor at the appropriate I/O assignment
position on the status line and awaits further direction via the
depression of one of the device operation keys listed below:

REW This Rewind key is depressed only if a device address key

condition is positive. Depression of this key rewinds, to the
beginning, the device medium e.g. magnetic tape cassette.

WRITE This Write key is depressed only if a device address key

condition is positive. Depression of this key loads and cloars the
input buffer into the output buffer and writes the output buffer
onto the assigned peripheral. In the next record position.

BACK ROD This Back Record key is similar in its function to the Rew key
except that instead of rewinding the medium to the beginning, it
only moves the medium back by one record space.
key function

ADV ROD This Advance Record key when depressed advances the
medium by one record, this record being loaded into the input
buffer and displayed on the screen.

INSRT This Insert key is similar in its function to the Write key except
that the output buffer writes onto the assigned peripheral in the
current record position.

END FILE This End-of-File character key is the last of the device operation
keys. Depression of this key writes an end-of-file character onto
the assigned peripheral in the next record position.
THE FOLLOWING FIVE KEYS ARE NOT DEVICE OPERATION
KEYS.

CLEAR SCRN This Clear Screen key, and the next three keys, can be
depressed in F-FORM, ENTER or VERIFY modes. They do not
require the prior depression off a device operation key.
Depression of the Clear Screen key fills the input buffer with
spaces and clears the screen.

CLEAR LINE Depression of the Clear Line key clears the remainder of the
current line on the screen from left to right from the cursor
position. This also clears the appropriate input buffer positions.

> Depression of this key normally moves the cursor one character
space to the right without affecting the contents of the buffer. If
depressed for a period, it moves the cursor at 20 character
spaces/sec.

Depression of this key normally moves the cursor one character

space to the left without affecting the contents of the buffer. If
depressed for a period, it moves the cursor at 20 characters/sec.

LOAD The Load key is operative in the F-FORM mode and when
depressed, conditions the terminal to load and clear either the
format program buffers or the arithmetic registers
(accumulators). The actual loading operation depends upon
which key is subsequently depressed.

THE FOLLOWING KEYS DESCRIBE THE LOAD AND CLEAR

FUNCTIONS

Loads and clears the contents of the input buffer (CRT) into
program 1 buffer and then clears the input buffer.

Loads and clears the contents of the input buffer (CRT) inio
program 2 buffer and then clears the input buffer.

Clears the S (left hand side) arithmetic register and sets it to

zero with the sign being a plus (i.e. a space).

Clears the T (right hand side) arithmetic register and sets it to

zero with the sign beir)g a plus (i.e. a space).

R Clears the optional record second counter, zeros are displayed

on the screen to the right of the register displays.

10
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THE DE 523 SCREEN (CRT)

This is a cathode ray tube located at the front of the machine, top left. Below the screen
is a knob which when rotated alters the light intensity of the characters displayed. The
size of characters on the screen can be altered by a service engineer.

The top (status) line of the screen displays:

a) the operational mode of the machine (displayed on the left).

b)^ the devices assignment code (between two asterisks in the centre).
c) any errors by the operator when making use of the machine (one error at a time
displayed on the right). Also any transmission message code is displayed to the right
of the status line.

Below the status line, the two arithmetic registers (S and T) are displayed with the S
register on the left and the T register to the right. Each has a capacity of 15 characters
including space for a sign. The registers are not shown in the photograph.

Other items that appear on the screen depend on the operational mode in which the
machine is being used. A maximum of 9 lines of thirty-one characters each may be
displayed below the arithmetic registers on the screen. Data in the input buffer is
displayed in the first seven of these lines depending on the number of characters. This
data could originate via keyboard entry or an assigned input device. The two lines
immediately below the last data line being processed, are used to display the
corresponding line of each of the two prevailing format programs loaded in the program
buffers. This, of course, happens only if operating under program control. If under
program 1 control, then the first of these two lines is a line from the format in program 1
buffer and the last line is from the format or data in program 2 buffer. Under program 1
control, program 1 buffer must contain an acceptable format program, while program 2
buffer may contain a description of the format in program 1 buffer or nothing at all. A
description in program 2 buffer could aid an operator as regards the field to key in next
or the field that has been incorrectly entered.

THE DE 523 CASSETTE COMPARTMENTS

The two cassette compartments are positioned at the top right of the machine. They are
fitted with doors which open to the right when the door catch is pressed downwards. The
standard DE 521 has only one cassette compartment. A cassette compartment in the left
hand position na.n be obtained as an optional extra on the HE 521.

11
^ kkk

I ^ 1 1 DE 523 EXTENSIONS
r dev 1 : DEV I 1
I
DEV I
I 1 1
I D 1 • c I I B I I A I IPSO PERIPHERALS
•"v1 t"' •V
I
i - PN 20
I I I— - LN 20. RC 2500
- ULS 50, ULE 50
I - UPE 30
r-5
CRU jO"! ]"IPSO" I
I INTRF 1
- SV 40 .C,
- CMC7 7300
10
iO'
uy.. 1 (4 X 256 bytes) I J

SV
RAM.
160
( -T I 1
CRR O' CRR
nu A
' SPEC j I SPEC I
1SV 40B;^
1C isV 160 I
o INTRF
I I I I

KEB
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;COMM I
1
I data"" 600-1200-2400 Bd
LOGIC UNIT
"Keyboard INTRF I INTRF r -*! SET
( I I I

1
! 1 I T

CRT 1 7TR ; 9 TR I I 9 TR 1
I or
r^QT
U n 1
INTRF I INTRF I
or
INTRF I I 1600 I

R.O.M.
I ' I
1
[formt]
I

(24K bits std) ,'TAPEN ^TAPEj /tape\

/
(up to 64K bits) \
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8 /
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8" V 8'
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FIG. 3 DE 523 BASIC MACHINE

THE DE 523 PERIPHERAL DEVICES

The DE 523 can accommodate up to 8 peripherals such as cassettes, computer tape,

printer, communications and the remainder are unspecified devices. These devices are
connected to the DE 523 via the standard Olivetti "IPSO" interface (see Fig. 3). The
"IPSO" devices may be 80 column punch and reader; paper tape punch and reader and
edge-punch card punch and reader. In the case of the standard peripherals, it is possible
to add them to the system by supplying an interface for 'plug-in' into the ROM (Read
Only Memory) board. For the optional devices, wiring of the back panel is required in
addition to the above. The limitation on the optional devices is that they can be
overlapped with the printer, their data rates are compatible with those of the printer and
their functional requirements can be accommodated within the structure of the basic
system and programmed within 4K bits of ROM. In short the slowest operating peripheral
determines the data rate during that particular peripheral operation.

DEVICES ASSIGNMENT CODE

The Devices Assignment Code must be keyed into the machine storage, via the
keyboard; it is displayed on the screen. The Free-Form key and the I/O SIct key must be
depressed before the device identification codes can be keyed in.

The various acceptable device identification codes are as follows:

DEVICE IDENTIFICATION CODES

Space No device to be used

1 Cassette Recorder No. 1
2 Cassette Recorder No. 2
P Printer (Formatted)
Q Printer (Unformatted)
T Computer Tape
U Unattended operation
L Communications Line (1200 baud)
M Communications Line (600 baud)

A 'IPSC (Device No. 1)

B 'IPSO' (Device No. 2)
C 'IPSO' (Device No. 3)
D 'IPSO' (Device No. 4)

12
I/O ASSIGNMENT CODE

* *

FORMAT

INPUT

OUTPUT 1
I OUT

OUTPUT 2
II OUT

When the F-FORM and SLCT are displayed on the screen and the cursor is in the I/O
assignment area (shown above) the operator is allowed to select the inputs and outputs
by keying a one-character device identification code into each of the four I/O assignment
code positions. Should the operator make an error in keying the assignments, he may
restart by depressing the I/O SIct key. As each assignment code is keyed in, the device
Identification code is displayed within the asterisks and the cursor advanced to the next
position until the final position is reached. Where a device is not used, a space may be
entered by the operator. The I/O selection sequence is terminated by depression of the
Free-Form key. It is not necessary to key into all four assignment positions. Unfilled
positions are to be treated as unused devices. There is an alarm to indicate that an
unacceptable device code is being keyed in. It will be obvious that some device
identification codes could not be used in ce"iain positions of the assignment code.
 o
r

Begin Output
Read INPUT Dev. to OUT I

NO"
Process Record
-According to
Mode of Operation
< Overlap Outputs?

YES
>
YES Overlap OUT I
r
with INPUT

Release Record
for Processing NO

Wait for OUT

to Complete
1 f

Wait for OUT II, then

OUT 1 Operations to
Complete
NO
OUT II Switch ON?

1 f YES

Chain Formats
i
as Directed Begin Output
to OUT II

NO
i r

^ Transfer Data to
Overlap OUT !i YES
Output Buffer
with INPUT?
>
NO
r

Inseft Record Wait for OUT 11

as Directed to Complete

6
Dots ProccssinQ Cycle
 OVERLAP OF DEVICE OPERATION

Whenever possible, in the Data Processing Cycle (shown in Fig. 4), the output operations
to the selected I OUT and II OUT devices overlap with the input operation from the
selected INPUT device. This is accomplished by initiating the output operations and
Immediately proceeding to the next processing phase or step. Then, prior to initiating the
next Input or output operation, the logic checks to see if the next device may be
overlapped with the current device. If it cannot be overlapped, then the first operation is
completed" before proceeding. Should complete overlap of both outputs and input be
possible then the output operations are allowed to proceed until the next input has been
prpcessed and released for output; at this point the terminal is waiting for output
operations to be completed. The rules for determining the overlap ability of the devices
are given below.

OVERLAP DETERMINATION RULES

1. A device may not be overlapped with itself.

2. Computer tape (T) may not be overlapped with cassettes.
3. Cassettes cannot be overlapped with cassettes, e.g. 1 with 2, or 2 with 1.
4. 'IPSO' devices may not be overlapped with a non-1 PSO printer.

Although these rules guarantee the physical overlap ability of the various devices, they
cannot guarantee that maximum data through-put rates are maintained. The priority
assigned to the devices is as follows:
Device Priority (0= lowest)

0 Processing Program
i
1r 1 Printer
2 Option A - MPSO'
3 Option B - 'IPSO'
4 Communications
t
5 Cassettes
w 6 Computer tape

OPERATIONAL MODES OF THE DE 523 SYSTEM

Having keyed in the device assignment code the terminal can operate in any of the four
following modes:

FREE-FORM MODE
ENTER MODE
VERIFY MODE
BATCH MODE

14
FREE-FORM MODE

The terminal is set-up in the F-FORM mode when
ON/OFF switch ON or Free-Form l<ey depressed.
and as stated previously it allows entry of the
control of the assigned l/O's and enables the
operation.
the power is switched on and with the
This mode is displayed on the screen
I/O device assignment code, manual
choice of the Enter, Verify or Batch

This is the mode in which format programs can be set-up either in the program buffers or
on the format program device. This device is almost invariably a specified cassette
which fits into the cassette compartments on the DE 523. Any necessary descriptions
used with format programs can be set-up in this mode.

FORMAT PROGRAMS

Formats could be of three different types:

1. Format program is used to specify the format of the data records to be

processed in the ENTER and VERIFY modes of operations. These
programs, which are made up of a string of format alpha control charac
ters (which divide the record being processed into data fields) control the
keying of data into these fields and activate automatic operations. These
characters are listed later as Format Program Function Characters.

2. Print format is used to specify how records read from an input device,
should be printed out. The print format is a string of alpha-numeric func
tion characters. These characters perform different functions from the
characters referred to in 1. above. See Print Format Function Characters
on (page 16.).

3. A search format is used to specify the exact nature and contents of any
record which is being searched for during the BATCH mode operation.
This format is usually keyed into the program buffer just before the
BATCH operation. A variation of this is the fact that in pooling records
from an Input device onto an Output device, the COMP. character must be
loaded into the program buffer for successful operation. (This operation is
explained on page 29.)

15
FORMAT PROGRAM FUNCTION CHARACTERS

CONTINUATION CHARACTERS

Two format control characters are provided to extend the length of the fields defined by
the field-start controls detailed below. These characters control the character mode on a
positional basis but do not affect or alter the definition of the field defined by the start
control character.

Character Function
\

, Field continuation allowing alphanumeric entry.

Field continuation allowing numeric entry only.

These characters must follow the start control characters listed below if the field
capacity is more than one character. The field size would be the number of these
characters plus the control character.

NORMAL FIELD

Afield is provided for the keying of normal alpha-numeric data. Depressing the Skip key
anywhere within this field results in the remaining positions, including the current
position, being filled with or verified as containing spaces.

Character Function

( Start Normal Field/Alpha-numeric Character mode.

16
 LEFT FILL FIELD

A format control is provided for defining a field to be right justified and filled with
leading zeros.

In the ENTER mode, the depression of the Skip key causes the field to be right justified
and left zero filled. In VERIFY mode, entry of the first key into the field causes the cursor
to be positioned to the first non-filled position and compared to its contents. Thus, the
Skip key in VERIFY mode is only valid when exiting from the field. With left zero fill
fields, numeric continuation characters must be used to continue the field.

Character Function
%

) Start field to be right justified and zero filled/Numeric Character mode.

AUTO-DUPLICATION FIELDS

Two field controls are provided for defining fields to be automatically duplicated from
the output buffer ( or verified against the output buffer). Encountering a character of
improper mode, in the output buffer or one resulting in a Verify error, terminates the
automatic duplication and the remainder of the field shall be treated as a normal field.
When the AUTO FIELD switch is OFF, this field shall be treated as a normal field.

Character Function

A Start field to be auto-duplicated/Alphanumeric Character Mode.

B Start field to be auto-duplicated/Numeric Character mode.

17
 AUTO-SKiP FIELD

A single field control is provided to automatically skip the defined field. Characters
within the field are unaffected, but are displayed when verifying. With the AUTO FIELD
switch OFF, this field is treated as an optionally skipped field.

Character Furjction

G Start field to be Auto-skipped/Alphanumeric Character mode.

OPTIONALLY SKIPPED FIELD

I

A single field is provided which may be wholly or partially skipped upon operator
decision. Depressing the Skip key anywhere within the field results in the remainder of
the field, including the current position to be skipped. Data skipped within the field is
unaffected; but is displayed in the case of VERIFY mode.

Character Function

H Start Optionally-skipped Field/Alphanumeric Character mode.

18
 AUTO-INCREMENT FIELD

A field control is provided for defining an auto-increment field. The field is automatically
processed by skipping to the end and then duplicating (moving right to left) the contents
of output buffer incremented by one for entry into or verification with the field. The field
is assumed to contain an unassigned number with leading zeros. Mode errors are
detected as the cursor passes left to right, and requires manual escape from machine
program control for correction and an exit from the field prior to reactivating program
control. When the AUTO FIELD switch is OFF, this field is treated as a normal left zero
fill field. THIS CONTROL CHARACTER WILL NOT ACCEPT THE MINUS SIGN.

Character Function
\

T Start of Auto-Increment field/Numeric Character mode.

OMISSION DETECTION FIELDS

Two function characters are provided which require the keying in of at least one
character into the field. It is not possible to skip out of these fields while the cursor is in
the first position. With this exception, these fields behave identically with the normal
(alphanumeric and numeric) and zero fill (numeric) fields defined above. Depression of
the Skip key in the first position results in a SKP error requiring an error reset before
continuing. Depression of Skip in any other position results in the field being space filled
or right justified and left zero filled.

Character Function

C Start of Omission Detection Field to be right space filled/Alphanumeric

Character mode.
D Start of Omission Detection Field to be right justified and left zero
filled/Numeric Character mode.

CAPACITY - CONTROLLED FIELD

Two function characters are provided which require entry or verification of all positions
within the field. It is not possible to skip out of these fields. Depressing the Skip ke/
anywhere in the field results in a SKP error requiring an Error Reset before continuing.
The field control characters used to define capacity-controlled fields are as follows:

Character Function

E Start Capacity-Controlled Field/Alphanumeric Character mode.

F Start Capacity-Controlled Field/Numeric Character mode.

19
 CHECK DIGIT FIELDS

Three check digit field function characters are provided which allow the entry and
checking of numbers ending in Modulus 10 or Modulus 11 check digits. The following
three characters are used to define the check digit fields:

Character Function

I Start of Numeric Capacity Modulus 10 check digit field.

J Start of numeric capacity Modulus 11 (2-7) check digit field.

K Start of numeric capacity Modulus 11 (2-9) check digit field.

Operation

With respect to keying, these fields are treated as capacity-controlled fields. However,
upon exiting from the field, the appropriate Modulus 10 or Modulus 11 check digit is
calculated on the keyed number and is compared with the check digit which is the last
digit of the keyed number. If disagreement is found, then the cursor is placed at the
beginning of the field, 'CHK' is displayed in error position of the status line on the
screen, and an Error Reset key depression required before continuing. Upon resetting,
the number may be re-keyed and the check digit is again calculated and checked. Upon
obtaining agreement between the calculated check digit and the last digit of the keyed
number, the cursor advances to the next field.

Calculation

In performing the check digit calculation, the algorithm outlined below is employed.
Positions containing a space or minus is skipped in the check digit calculation. It is
required that numeric field continuation control charactcrs be used in defining the field.
The algorithm assumes that all characters in the field are numeric. Non-numeric charac
ters result in an erroneous calculation which is not necessarily detected if the format is
wrong.

Modulus 10 Algorithm

1. Multiply by two the number formed by the odd digits of the number to be checked
(begin with the least significant digit excluding the check digit which is the last
digit).

2. Multiply by one the even digits of Ihe number.

3. Sum the products and divide this sum by 10.

4. If the remainder is 0, then the check digii is 0. Otherwise, subtract ihe remainder
from 10 to obtain the check digit.

20
Modulus 11 (2-7) Algorithm

1. Beginning with the least significant digit of the number to be checked {excluding the
checl< digit), assign weights of 2 through 7 to the digits of the number. If there are
more than six digits in the number, continue assigning weights beginning again
with 2.

2. Multiply each digit by its corresponding weight.

3. Sum the resulting products and divide the sum by 11.

4. Subtract the remainder from 11 to obtain the calculated check digit.

Modulus 11 (2-9) Algorithm

Same as Modulus 11 (2-7) using weights 2 through 9.

NOTE: THE NUMBERS WHICH RESULT IN A CHECK DIGIT OF 10 ARE NOT UTILIZED
IN THE DE 520 STANDARD MODULUS 11 CHECKING SYSTEM. THIS FEATURE AND
OTHER SPECIAL CHECK DIGIT ALGORITHMS CAN BE OPTIONALLY SUPPLIED.

21
 ACCUMULATOR FIELDS

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

As stated previously, the terminal has two arithmetic accumulators which are displayed
on the screen below the status line. These accumulators are referred to as the Sub-total
(S) and the Total (T) accumulators. Each accumulator is 14 digits long with a 15th digit
reserved for a space or a minus sign. The accumulators are set to zero upon switch on or
machine reset.

FIELD CONTROLS

Seven format field control characters are provided to define fields which affect the
contents of an accumulator. It should be noted that no provision is made to comparethe
two accumulators directly without affecting any fields. (See second paragraph of
accumulator field operation on next page.)

Character Function

L Start of field to be keyed and added to the T accumulator.

M Start of field to be automatically compared to the T accumulator.

N Start of field to be automatically compared to the T accumulator, followed by

the accumulator being cleared.

P Start of field to be keyed and added to the S accumulator.

Q Start of field to be automatically compared to the S accumulator.

R Start of field to be automatically compared to the S accumulator, followed by

the accumulator being cleared.

S Start of field to be automatically compared to the S accumulator, followed by

the accumulator being cleared and the field being added to the T
accumulator.

KEYING INTO ACCUMULATOR FIELDS

In ENTER mode the keying of a plus sign (SPACE) or a minus sign (-) into the
accumulator fields results in the field being right justified with leading zeros, the sign
occupying the least significant position, in VERIFY mode, the keying of the first
character into these field positions the cursor to the first non-zero character, while the
final character keyed into the field is assumed to be the sign. In both ENTER and VERIPt'
modes, keying of any character other than the sign into the last position, when exiting
from the field, results in the cursor being held at this position v/ith a MODE error
requiring an Error Reset key depression, allowing re-entry of the correct sign.

• 22
The function of the Skip key in accumulator fields is dependent upon the position of the
cursor. In the first field position, the Skip key depression results in the field being zero
filled and the accumulator operation defined by the field bypassed. Operation of the Skip
key in any other field position results in a space (i.e. plus sign) being entered into the
field. If the minus key is depressed the number entered is subtracted from the specified
register. If the result is negative a correct negative balance is held, not a tens
complement sum. The minus sign is displayed in the least significant position of either
the register or the field or both.

OPERATION

Upon completion of those fields calling for an addition, the field is added into the
accumulator defined by the field start control. The sign of the number determines
whether it will be added or subtracted from the accumulator. Numeric field continuation
characters must be employed in defining accumulator fields. The accumulating
algorithms assume that all characters are numeric. Non-numeric characters in the field
result in an erroneous accumulation with non-numeric values in the accumulators.
Should the capacity of the accum.ulator be e.xceeded as a result of an addition, the ten's
complement of the accumulator is taken and its sign changed.

Upon completion of those fields calling for a comparison, each field is compared to the
accumulator. If the field and accumulator are equal the accumulator is added to T and
then cleared; the cursor advances to the next field start control function character.
Otherwise, the cursor is positioned to the first unequal position (reading right to left) and
a CHK error displayed making an Error Reset key depression necessary.

RECORD/GROUP SEPARATOR CONTROL CHARACTERS

A single character field control is provided which, upon operator direction, enters or
verifies a Record Separator (RS) or Group Separator (GS) or an End-of-Media (EM) in the
input buffer. This control appears in the last position of the format program and allows
the operator a choice of format program to be used in setting up the next record.
Depression of the Comp. key, in ENTER mode, while in this field position, results in an
RS character being generated and allows the operator to use the prevailing format
programs in setting up the next record. Depression of the Next Fmat key results in a GS
character and automatically loads the program buffers with the next two format
programs from the format program device (Cassette). Simultaneous depression of the
Shift and Em keys results in an FS character and automatically rewinds the format
program device (Cassette) and loads the program buffers with the first two formats on
the device.

Character Function

W Record Separator/Group Separator/End-of-Media Control.

23
AUTO-SEPARATOR CONTROLS

Three format controls are provided to automatically enter or verify the Record Separator
(RS), Group Separator (GS) and End-of-Media (EM) ASCII control characters. These
characters, in effect, perform the three different functions listed above for the W charac
ter with the operator having no choice of action. These controls are not followed by field
continuation controls. When the AUTO FIELD Switch is OFF, these fields are filled with
their corresponding characters and a SKIP exit is required to advance to the next step -
usually setting up or verifying the next record.

Character

X Record Separator Control

Y Group Separator Control

Z End-of-Media Control

These control characters assume that descriptive data is in the program 2 buffer and
their function is as follows:

X Character X would be encoded at the end of the format program in program 1

buffer, if this is the only format to be used in entering or verifying all the
records involved in a job.

Y Character Y would be encoded at the end of format program in program 1

buffer, if the format and description used in setting up or verifying the next
record are to be read from the next two format program positions on the
format device (usually a cassette).

2 Character Z, is similar, in its function, to the Y character except that the

format device is rewound; the format and description being read from the
first two format program positions.

W Character W, when encoded, would allow the operator a choice of one of the
above three processes.

END-OF-RECORD CONTROL

A special format character is provided to signify the end of the format program. In the
ENTER mode, this control causes the data record to be completed by entering an end-of-
record identifier B In the final position of the output record (under the control of the
AUTO REL switch). !n VERIFY mode this control verifies that the data record ends Vvith
an end-of-record identifier B and then outputs the record.

Character Function

H End-of-Record control

24
This character is not a part of any record and therefore it is not transferred to any output
device, it is generated through the use of the Comp. key and is automatically added to
all input records. Space is always reserved in the input buffer for this character. Thus the
maximum size of a data record process at any one time is 216 characters.

If an attempt is made to move the cursor beyond the end-of-record character at the end
of the seventh data line, an 'OFL' message is displayed and an alarm is sounded.

PRINT FORMAT FUNCTION CHARACTERS

Character Function

Pn Print next (n) characters from data buffer.

Zn Print next (n) characters from data buffer suppressing leading zeros.
Dn Ignore next (n) characters in data buffer.
Sn Space printer (n) positions.
Xn Ignore next (n) characters in data buffer and space printer (n) positions.
" Print constant data, in Print Format, following the (") until next (") or EOR (H)
is encountered.
B End printing of data buffer and end-of-Print format.
Ln Line Feed and Carriage Return (n) lines.
An Advance printer to line (n).
V Output a Vertical Tab control (VT).
H Set printer line count to zero (i.e. define head of form).
F Set printer line count to zero, carriage return and form feed.

MANUAL OPERATION IN FREE-FORM MODE

Manual operation of the terminal peripherals is possible during the F-Form mode
operation. In fact, this is the technique used to load format programs and descriptions,
print formats and search formats either onto format program devices or directly onto
program buffers. Addressable devices are those assigned on the status line. To operate
a device it is first necessary to address the device by depressing one of the four device
address keys (see page 9). Depressing one of these keys causes the cursor to be
positioned under the corresponding I/O assignment position on the status line and the
terminal to be linked to the peripheral identified by the device code entered in that
position. It is then possible to perform the desired sequence of operations on the
peripheral by depressing the appropriate device operation keys (see page 9). The
operations performed as a result of the depression of these keys are dependent upon the
device being addressed. (To determine this relationship refer to the appropriate
peripheral functional specification). To restore normal operation it Is necessary to
depress the Free-Form key. This restores the terminal to the F-FORM mode with the
cursor in the home position. To switch control from one peripheral to another, it is only
necessary to depress the appropriate device address key. While operating in the I/O
control mode, the only keys that are accepted are the Device Address. Device Operation
and Free-Form keys.

25
INPUT/OUTPUT ERRORS

Upon completion of each input and output operation, whether manually or automatically
initiated, a chec<< on the status of the operation is performed. If an error has occurred,
then the appropriate error message is displayed on the screen, the cursor is positioned
below the appropriate device on the status line and an alarm is given. At this point the
six device operation keys are activated and the operator is expected to correct the
problem through manual operation of the offending peripheral. Depressing Error Reset
clears the error condition and restores the operation in progress at the point the error
occurred. Should no corrective action be taken prior to depressing Error Reset, the error
I& accepted by the terminal as if corrected.* Should the operator so choose, the error
may also be over-ridden by depressing the Free-Form key and reverting toF-FORMimode,

As long as the error is indicated on the status line, the active keys on the keyboard are
confined to the Device Operation keys: Free-Form and Error Reset. Furthermore, data
transfer operations directed through the device operation keys are confined to the buffer
addressed in the operation resulting in the error. This enables the recovery of the data
transferred to the output buffer.

All input and output errors are indicated by one of five standard error messages regard
less of the peripheral involved. The exact cause of the condition and meaning of the
message is dependent upon the peripheral involved.

*As standard treatment all records read into the terminal and classified as
read errors will have their first data position replaced with an@character.
Records exceeding the buffer capacity (216 characters) are not to be con
sidered as errors. Overflow characters shall be lost and an EOR code placed
In the 217th position.

Table of errors shown on next page.

26
 ERROR MESSAGES
GENERAL ERROR RECOVERY

In ail modes of operation the operator is presented with the following recovery choices
when an error message is placed on the screen:

1. Depress Error Reset to clear the message and resume operation

2. Depress Free-Form to clear the error message and revert to F-FORM
mode operation
3. Optionally for I/O errors: correct the error through use of the I/O operation
keys then depress Error Reset
' 4. Optionally for Format Program Operations: depress the Esc key to clear the
message, de-activate the format and resume operation.

In Batch operation, with the auto release switch ON, errors indicated on the CRT are
accompanied by a continuing alarm while awaiting reset, in all other operations, a short
duration alarm is given initially when the error occurs.

INPUT/OUTPUT ERRORS

Messages Definition Action Required'^

RD "Uncorrectable" read error en (1) To reread depress Back
countered during the input of data. Record and Advance Record
keys.

(2) To skip depress Adv Red key

WR "Uncorrectable" write error en (1) To repeat insert, depress

countered during the output of Insert key
data.
(2) To repeat write, depress Write
key

EOT End-of-Data Media encountered. Provide additional data media by

reloading

EQP Equipment Problem encountered Correct problem and manually

with the addressed device. repeat operation iosi wrien error
occurred.

EOF** End-of-File read on the INPUT (1) To continue processing next

device and recorded on the outputs. file, depress Error Reset

(2) To discontinue, depress Free-

Form key

*For more detailed information refer to the description of the operation in progress and
the appropriate peripheral specification. ^

**The End-of-File condition is detected in the basic processing cycle and is not a device
error.

27
ENTER, VERIFY AND BATCH MODES

The machine must be in F-FORM mode before the operator can initiate the ENTER,
VERIFY or BATCH mode. In the ENTER, VERIFY, or BATCH mode, data is entered into
the input buffer (either via the Input device or the keyboard), and transferred to an output
device via the output buffer.

STORAGE AND ACTIVATION OF FORMAT PROGRAMS

Focmat programs can be loaded into the two program buffers either before or during
processing in the ENTER, VERIFY or BATCH modes. This loading could be via a format
device (e.g. a cassette) or via the keyboard. Activating the programs stored in these
buffers is accomplished through the use of the Prog. 1 or Prog. 2 key when operating in
the ENTER or VERIFY mode. In the BATCH mode it is not necessary to depress either
Prog. 1 or Prog. 2 as the terminal automaticallly uses the search format in program 1
buffer when pooling records, and the print format in program 2 when printing records. As
regards the ENTER or VERIFY modes, the currently active format is always held m
program 1 buffer. Whenever Prog. 2 is activated (or de-activated), the contents of the
two program buffers are exchanged and the selected program will begin operation at the
currently cursored position. De-activating a selected program is accomplished by
depressing the Esc key. Control is returned to the operator at the first non-automatic
keying position.

CHARACTER MODE CONTROL IN THE ENTER OR VERIFY OPERATION

Keying is controlled on a position-by-position basis, by the format programs, as to the

type of character which may be entered. Two character modes are defined to control
the keying. An attempt to key a character in the incorrect mode results in the keyboard
being locked and a MOD error message being displayed, requiring an Error Reset key
depression. The two allowable character modes are as follows-

Alphanumeric Any character.

Numeric Numbers (0-9) except with accumulator
fields which allow the keying of a minus
sign.

28
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Aflow diagram of the Enter, Verify and Batch Data Processing Cycle is shown in Fig. 5.
The steps involved in this cycle are detailed below;

INPUT

As a first step in the Data Processing Cycle a record is read from the peripheral unit
specified as the INPUT device into the input (CRT) buffer. In ENTER mode operation this
input serves as an auxiliary source of information to be overlaid by keying. Input is
performed conditionally under control of the first character in the currently active format
program. If this character is an Auto-Skip field start control (G), the input serves as the
source of the data to be verified. Because of the special 'blind keying' requirements of
Verification all records read into this buffer during VERIFY mode operation do not
appeai_on the screen. Should the DE 523 leave the VERIFY mode, then this data is
displayed on the screen. In BATCH mode this input is either compared with the search
format in program 1 buffer or printed out according to any printer format present in the
program 2 buffer. Following the reading of the INPUT device the first character of the
recorded record is compared to the File Separator (FS) code. If it matches, then End-of-
File records are recorded on the assigned outputs, 'EOF' status displayed on the CRT,
and an Error Reset required by the operator to continue. The Free-Form key is also
active while awaiting a reset. Any other key depression results in the alarm signal.

29
 o o
^ NO
< ENTER Mode?

YES
Transfer Input Buffer
to Output Buffer

NO Program Format
Begin with (G)?
NO

YES A- During Verification /

YES
Read INPUT Dev.
f
Into Input Buffer
Set Machine to
VERIFY Mode Operation

>KD
INPUT Record

< —FS?

NO
r

Insert Output Buffer

on INPUT Device

Process Record
According to
Mode of Operation 1 f

Write Output Buffer

on OUT 1 Device

1^ AUTO REL SWITCH ON?

NO
f

NO
±
Wait for Keyboard
SKIP KEY
<OUT II SWITCH ON?

< Release YES

COMP KEY
Write Out Buffer
Last Data Character NO on OUT II Device
—GS or EM?
>
YES

Read Two Records

from FMAT Device
Into Program Buffers
(5
FIG. 5
ENTER. VERIFY & BAiCH PROCESSING CYCLE
 0
Write FS Record
on OUT 1 Device

OUT II SWITCH NO

\ °N? /
YES

Write FS Record
on OUT Device

"EOF" Message
to Status Line

Wait for
Keyboard RESET

L 1

FIG. 5 (continued)

30
PROCESSING

In ENTER mode the process consists of keying data into or overlapping the data
contained in the input buffer. In VERIFY mode the process consists of 'verifying* the
contents of the input buffer by re-keying the data and comparing it with the buffer. In
BATCH mode the process consists of matching records for processing. Each of these
processes is explained in more detail below.

ENTER IVIode

In fhe Entry operation the operator uses the screen controls and the Data Section of the
keyboard to enter records into the input (CRT) buffer. This operation may be performed
with the aid of format programs. Keyed characters are placed in the input buffer at the
current cursor position and the cursor automatically advances to next position. Upon
completing the entry of each record, the record is released for recording on the assigned
output devices.

VERIFY Mode

In Verify operation, the operator is allowed the limited use of the screen controls and the
use of the Data Section of the keyboard to verify the contents of the input buffer (CRT).
The format programs need not be identical to the format programs used to set-up the
records which are to be verified. Keyed characters are compared to the characters
contained in the input buffer at the currently cursored position. If the character com
pares with the character in the input buffer then the character in the input buffer js
displayed and the cursor advances to the next position. If the characters do not com
pare, then the character in the input buffer is displayed, a VFY error message displayed
on the screen, the alarm sounded, and an Error Reset required to continue. Upon reset
ting VFY the operator must again key at the same cursor position. If the new character is
the same as the previously keyed character, then it is entered into the buffer, a 'Re-write
flag* set indicating the record must be inserted on the input device, and the cursor ad
vanced to the next position. If the new character now agrees with the character
contained in the input buffer, then the cursor advances and operation allowed to
proceed. Otherwise, the Verify error sequence must be repeated until either agreement
is obtained or the character in the buffer changed. Upon completion of the verification
each record, through the use of the Comp. key, is released for error correction insertion
and recording onto the assigned output device/s.

BATCH Mode

In Batch operation the data contained in the input buffer is compared to a 'search key'
contained in the Program 1 buffer. This is accomplished by comparing the data
contained in the two buffers beginning with the first position and continuing until an
End-of-Record code (B) is located in either buffer. Should the program buffer contain an
underscore ( ) character, then the comparison on that position is skipped. If the End-of-
Record is reached without finding an inequality, then the 'matching' record is released
for output. Otherwise, upon encountering the first inequality, the 'non-matching' record
shall be rejected and the process shall return to the input phase to obtain another
record.

31
RELEASE

Following process completion, each record is 'released' for output, which is either
automatic or under keyboard control. This is determined by the setting of the AUTO REL
switch; in the ON position, the release is automatic, in the OFF position a key depression
is required. While awaiting keyboard control, the cursor is positioned at the End-of-
Record (B) verifier in the data buffer, and a depression of the Comp key releases the
record for output. In BATCH mode, the depression of the Skip key causes the record to
be rejected and the next input requested. The Free-Form and Esc keys are also active in
this state and perform their normal functions. All other keys are treated as errors with an
alarm and ignored.

OUTPUT

As a first step in the output phase, the input buffer (CRT) is transferred to the output
buffer and the input buffer is cleared.

The second step is to check the status of the Verify rewrite flag. This flag is set
whenever the contents of a Verification record has been changed or the mode of the
machine is switched from VERIFY to ENTER. If this 'flag' is ON, then the record is
inserted onto the input device. Furthermore, the status of the machine is forced to
VERIFY mode. Thus, should the operator switch from VERIFY to ENTER mode to re-key a
record, the terminal automatically restores itself to VERIFY mode upon completing the
entry.

The final step in the output phase is to transfer the contents of the output buffer to the
output devices.This record is first written onto the selected 1 OUT device. Then, if the 11
OUT switch is ON, the record will be written on the selected II OUT device. Following
these operations, the terminal then returns to the input phase.

32
 APPENDIX A-1

FREE-FORM Mode Dependent Function Keys

Key Function

FREE-FORM Home the cursor to the 1st position of the screen (buffer)

ENTER Place the mode message ENTER on the status line, go into Enter mode
operation without program control and home the cursor

VERIFY Place the mode message VERIFY on the status line, go into Verify mode
operation without program control and home the cursor

BATCH Place the mode message BATCH on the screen and begin Batch mode
operation

CLEAR SCRN Clear the input buffer (CRT) by filling with spaces and home the cursor

CLEAR LINE Clear the remainder of the current input buffer (CRT) line with spaces

• Moves the cursor one character space to the right. If held depressed for
250 msec it will move at 20 characters per second. Give an OVFL error if
end of buffer reached

Moves the cursor one character space to the left. If held depressed for
250 msec it will move at 20 characters per second. Hold position if
beginning of buffer reached.

PROG 1 Inactive

PROG 2 Inactive

ESC Home the cursor

DUP Duplicates one character from output buffer and if key held depressed
for 250 msec duplicates at 20 characters/second

SKIP Enters an underscore character and if key held depressed for 250 msec
enters underscores at 20 characters/second

COMP Enter an EOR code without advancing the cursor

NEXT FMAT Read the next two data records from the FMAT input device into
Program 1 and 2 buffers and home the cursor
 APPENDIX A-2

FREE-FORM Mode Only Function Keys

Key Function

LOAD Condition the terminal to load/clear the program buffer/accumulator

specified by the next key depressed as described below. Following this
operation home the cursor and return to normal operation

Key Function

1 Load and clear the contents of the input buffer (CRT) into the
first program buffer

2 Load and clear the contents of the input buffer (CRT) into the
second program buffer

R Load 01 into a clear record counter (when fitted)

S Clear the S accumulator by setting it to zero and its sign to a

plus (i.e., a space)

T Clear the T accumulator by setting it to zero and its sign to a

plus (i.e., a space)

Other Alarm and reset the load condition

I/O SLOT Prepares the terminal to accept the selection of I/O peripherals.

FMAT, INPUT These keys prepare the terminal for Remote device operation by
I OUT, ANS positioning the cursor to the appropriate I/O assignment position on the
II OUT status line and awaiting further direction via the device operation keys
defined below.

Key Function

ADV ROD Load and clear input buffer into output buffer, then read
record from assigned peripheral into input buffer

BACK ROD Backspace assigned peripheral one record

WRITE Load and clear input buffer into output buffer and write output
buffer onlo assigned peripheral

INSRT Load and clear input buffer into output buffer and insert the
output buffer onto assigned peripheral

END Write an end-of-file mark or record on the assigned

FILE peripheral

REW Rewind the assigned peripheral

 APPENDIX A'3

ENTER Mode Dependent Function Keys

Function:
Key Program Control Off Program Control Activated
FREE-FORM Place the mode message F- Same, but if Program 2 active
FORM on the screen, home the first exchange program buffers
cursor, and revert to Free-Form
operation
ENTER Home the cursor Same

VERIfT*' Place the mode message VERIFY Same

on the screen, home the cursor,
and go into Verify mode
operation
BATCH Inactive Inactive

CLEAR SCRN Same as Free-Form Same as Free^Form

CLEAR LINE Same as Free-Form Same as Free-Form

• Same as Free-Form Same as Free-Form, but stops at

end of each field. Field
definitions being maintained

< Same as Free-Form Same as Free-Form, but stops at

PROG 1 Display program status message
PGM 1 and activate program 1
control
beginning of each field. Field
definition is set to "normal" on
crossing field boundary
Same, but If Program 2 active:
first swap program buffers

PROG 2 Swap program status buffers, Same, but if Program 2 already

display program status message
PGM 2 and activate program 2
control
ESC No operation
DUP Duplicate one character from
output buffer and if key held
depressed for 250 msec
duplicates at 20 charac
ters/second
active don't swap program buf
fers
If Program 2 active, swap
program buffers. In all cases,
clear program status message
and deactivate program control
Duplicate field or remainder of
field from output buffer

SKIP Same as Free-Form See Appendix A-4

COMP Enter an EOR (Q) and under Same, but first complete the
control of the AUTO REL switch record by automatically skipping
release the record for output the remainder of the current field
and all remaining fields in the
record. Same rule outlined in Ap
•

pendix A-4 apply to automatic

skipping

NEXT FMAT Same as Free-Form Same as COMP key (See page 7).
 APPENDIX A'4

SKIP Key In Enter Programmed Control Operation

Cursor in first Cursor positioned Cursor at end of

Field Type field position within field filled field

Normal Fill field with spaces Fill remainder of Advance to next

field with spaces field

Left Zero Fill Rll field with zeros Right justify field Advance to next
with leading zeros field

Omission Detect SKP error Fill remainder of Advance to next

Normal field with spaces field

Omission Detect SKP error Right justify field Advance to next

Left Zero Fill with leading zeros field

Capacity- SKP error SKP error Advance to next

Controlled field

Check Digit SKP error SKP error Advance to next

field if check digit
OK; else CHK error

Accumulator Fill field with zeros Enter plus sign (i.e. MODE error (im
and bypass ac space) and perform proper sign in field)
cumulator operation accumulator
operation

Optionally Skip field leaving Skip remainder of Advance to next

Skipped contents unaltered field leaving con field
tents unaltered
 APPENDIX A'5

VERIFY Mode Dependent Function Keys

Function:
Key Program Control Off Program Control Activated

FREE-FORM Same as Enter, but first unblank Same as Enter, but first un-blank
CRT CRT

ENTER Place the mode message ENTER Same

on the screen, unblank CRT, set
the rewrite flag,*home the cur
sor, and go into Enter mode
operation

VERIFY Home the cursor Same

BATCH Inactive Inactive

CLEAR Inactive Inactive

SCRN

CLEAR LINE Inactive Inactive

• Inactive Inactive

< Same as Enter Same as Enter

PROG 1 Same as Enter Same as Enter

PROG 2 Same as Enter Same as Enter

ESC Same as Enter Same as Enter

DUP Verify character in output buffer Verify field or remainder of field

against character in input buffer against output buffer
and if key held depressed for 250
i msec verify at 20 characters/
second

* NOTE: Setting rewrite 'flag' causes terminal to revert to VERIFY mode upon com
pletion of Entry and record to be inserted on INPUT dovice

Continued on next pQgc

 APPENDIX A'5 (Continued)
VERIFY Mode Dependent Function Keys

Function:
Key Program Control Off Program Control Activated

SKIP Verify an underscore in current

position and if key held
depressed for 250 msec verify
underscore characters at 20
characters/second

COMP Verify an EOR code (D) and un
der control of the AUTO REL
svt^itch release the record for out
put
Same, but first complete the
record by automatically skipping
the remainder of the current field
and all remaining fields in the
record. Same rules outlined in
Appendix B-6 apply to automatic
skipping

NEXT FMAT Same as Free-Form Same as COMP key

(1
 APPENDIX A-6

SKIP Key in Verify Programmed Control Operation

Cursor in first Cursor positioned Cursor at end of

Field Type field position within field filled field

Normal Verify field filled Verify remainder of Advance to next

with spaces field filled with field
spaces

Left Zero Fill Verify field filled SKP error Advance to next
with zeros field

Omission Detect SKP error Verify remainder of Advance to next

Normal field filled with field
spaces

Omission Detect SKP error SKP error Advance to next

Left Zero Fill field

Capacity- SKP error SKP error Advance to next

Controlled field

Check Digit SKP error SKP error Advance to next

field if Check Digit
OK; else CHK error
displayed

Accumulator Verify field filled Verify current MODE error (im

with zeros and position contains proper sign in field)
bypass accumulator plus sign (i.e. space)
operations and perform ac
cumulator operation

Optionally Skip field displaying Skip remainder of Advance to next

Skipped contents field displaying con field
tents
 APPENDIX A-7

BATCH Mode Dependent Function Keys

Key Function

FREE- Place the mode message F-FORM on the screen, home the cursor, and
FORM revert to Free-Form Operation

ENTER Inactive

VERIFY Inactive

BATCH Inactive

CLEAR
SCRN Inactive

CLEAR
LINE Inactive

• Inactive

Inactive
<

PROG 1 Inactive

PROG 2 Inactive

ESC Same as FREE-FORM key

DUP Inactive

SKIP Skip outputting record displayed on CRT and continue

search for next record

COMP Accept record displayed on CRT for outputting

NEXT
FMAT Inactive

•
 APPENDIX B-1
DE 523 INTERNATIONAL KEYBOARD-ASCII CONVERSION
"7 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1- 1 0 0 1 1
05 0 1 0. 1 0 1 0 1
\COL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
M "3 "2 "1 ROW\
0 0 0 0 0 SP^pE 0 @ P
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 A Q
0 0 1 0 2 2 B ^R
0 0 1 1 3 W or £ 3 C S
0 1 0 0 4 $. 4 D T
0 1 0 1 5 % 5 E U
0 1 1 0 6 & 6 F V
*
0 1 1 1 7 7 G w
1 0 0 0 8 BS { 8 H X
1 0 0 1 9 HT EM ) 9 1 Y
★
1 0 1 0 10 LF J z
1 0 1 1 11 VT ESC + 1 K I
1 1 0 0 12 FF FS > L
1 \
1 1 0 1 13 CR GS CO M ]
1 1 1 0 14 RS < N T
1 1 1 1 15 / ? 0 —
 APPENDIX B-2

FORMAT PROGRAM CONTROL CHARACTERS

Character Mode Function

, A Continuation
N Continuation

( A Normal
) N Left Zero Fill

A A Auto-Dup
B N Auto-Dup
%

I C A Omission Normal
I D N Omission Left Zero Fill

f E A Capacity-Controlled
F N Capacity-Controlled

? ® I N Mod 10 Check Digit Standard

I J N Mod 11 Check Digit 2-7
I K N Mod 11 Check Digit 2-9
L N Add to T
i M N Compare to T
N N Compare to T and Clear
I

? P N Add to S
? ON Compare to S
R N Compare to S and Clear
S N Compare to S, Clear, and add to T

G A Auto-Skip
H A Optional-Skip
T N Auto-Increment

W A Record/Group Separator
X A Record Separator NOTE: SEE PAGE 24 FOR
Y A Group Separator FULL DESCRIPTIONS.
Z A End-of-Media

A End-of-Record
N(A) Special Check Digit (optional)
 APPENDIX B-3

The DE 521

The DE 521 basic unit consists of the following modules:

-Central logic and Control Unit
-Micro-program memory (R.O.M.)
- Program Memory
-Data Memory
- Keyboards
1. Alphanumeric
»2. Numeric
3. Control
- Display
-one magnetic cassette read/record unit
-connection for second magnetic cassette read/record unit
The only optional extra is a second cassette read/record unit (CRU 10).

The DE523

The DE523 basic unit consists of the following modules:

-Central Logic and Control Unit;
-Micro-program Memory (R.O.M.);
-Program Memory;
-Data Memory;
-Connections for three two-way channels for connecting data input/output units;
- Keyboards;
1. Alphanumeric
2. Numeric '
3. Control
-Display (C.R.T.);
—magnetic cassette read/record unit;
-connection for second magnetic cassette read/record unit;
 APPENDIX B-3 continued

The DE523 Accessories and Devices

CRU 10
Second magnetic cassette read/record unit

UN812/NRZ/7
7-track computer magnetic tape deck
This is connected to the DE523 via the A503 interface
Recording density 556-800 bpi '
Recording method: NRZI
Recording Code: BCD (International)

UN812/NRZ/9
9-track computer magnetic tape deck
This is connected to the DE523 via the A504 interface
Recording density: 800 bpi
Recording method: NRZI
Recording code: EBCDIC (International)
 APPENDIX B-3 continued

The DE523 Accessories and Devices

UN812/PHE/9
9-track computer magnetic tape deck.
Tliis is connected to the DE523 vja the A505 interface and the FRM-PHE
formatter unit. The formatter unit FRM-PHE is for 1,600 bpc density with
phase encoding recording system.
Recording density: 1,600 bpc
Recording method: phase encoding
» Recording code: EBCDIC (International)

SV 40/B
40 characters per second printer.
Connected to the DE523 via the A502 interface.

SV160
160 characters per second printer
Connected to the DE523 via the A507 interface
 APPENDIX B-3 continued

The DE523 Accessories and Devices

Communications
Binary Synchronous procedures
A510 interface is required
Half-duplex transmission
600,1200 and 2400 bps
Contention type connection in ASC11 code

Non-Standard Check digit verifier

Only one special check digit verifier can be fitted onto each machine
in addition to the standard check digits.
D500-D529 interfaces can be specified
consult IDP marketing for the option

Record Counter (D550)

Record counting in no way alters the contents of the record (and
therefore there is no automatic transfer onto the output medium) and
is displayed on the status line of the display. In the "Enter" and
"Verify" modes the records entered/verified are counted; in "Batch"
mode, only the records actually processed are counted.
 APPENDIX B-3 continued

The DE523 Accessories and Devices

The following Devices can be connected to the DE523 via the "IPSO" Interface A501, up
to 4 devices can be attached in a festoon arrangement.

SV40C
40 characters per second printer with sprocket feed and vertical tabulation and
IPSO interface.

Ul,S50
80 column card reader, nominal speed 42 characters per second, IPSO in
terface.

ULE50
Edge punched card reader, nominal speed 42 characters per second, IPSO in
terface.

UPE 30
Edge-punched card punch, nominal speed 30 characters per second, IPSO in
terface.

LN20
Eight-channel paper tape reader. 20 characters per second, IPSO interface.

PN20
Eight-channel paper tape punch, 20 characters per second. IPSO interface.
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