Hukum Thermodinamika II Dan Siklus Carnot
Hukum Thermodinamika II Dan Siklus Carnot
dan
SIKLUS CARNOT
Hukum Termodinamika II
Hukum Termodinamika II
W Qh − Qc Q
e= = e = 1 − c
Qh Qh Q h
Hukum Termodinamika II
• refrigerator adalah
mesin kalor yang
bekerja secara
terbalik
Refrigerators
• Alat ini bekerja dalam
sebuah siklus, dimana
kerja dilakukan untuk
mengambil energi panas
|QL| dari dari reservoir
temperatur dingin
• Coefficient of performance
C dari refrigerator
didefinisikan :
Pompa Kalor
• Pompa kalor mentransfer panas dari media
temperatur rendah ke media temperatur
tinggi
• Coefficient of performance pompa kalor :
Proses Reversible
2
4 3 3
The Carnot Principles
• The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less
than the efficiency of a reversible one operating between the
same two reservoirs. ηth, irrev < ηth, rev
It has been proven that ηth = 1-(QL/QH )= 1-(TL/TH) for all Carnot
engines since the Carnot efficiency is independent of the working
substance.
Efficiency of a Carnot Engine
W Qc
e= = 1−
Qh Qh
Karena siklus carnot bekerja pada dua
daerah isothermal dan adiabatis maka
Qc Tc
=
Qh Th
Tc
eCarnot = 1−
Th
Carnot Efficiency
0.8
T 300 Lower TH
η =1− =1− = 0.667 = 66.7%
Efficiency
L
th 0.6
TH
900 Th( T )
0.4
Fixed T = 300( K ) and lowering T
L H
0.2
300
η (T ) = 1 −
th H
0
200 400 600 800 1000
T
H
T
Temperature (TH)
The higher the temperature, the higher the "quality"
1
of the energy: More work can be done
0.8
Efficiency
0.6
Fixed T = 900( K ) and increasing T
H L TH( TL )
0.4
T
η (T ) = 1 −
th H
L
0.2
900
0
200 400 600 800 1000
TL
Temperature (TL)
Carnot Efficiency
• Similarly, the higher the temperature of the low-
temperature sink, the more difficult for a heat
engine to transfer heat into it, thus, lower thermal
efficiency also. That is why low-temperature
reservoirs such as rivers and lakes are popular for
this reason.
Carnot Efficiency