Find Mean,

Median, Modal
Class from
Grouped Data
Session - 4
Measures of Variability

 Range
 Variance
 Standard deviation
 Coefficient of variation
 Mean from a Frequency Table
Calculating the Mean: If there are large amounts of data, it is
easier if it is displayed in a frequency table.

Example 1.
The number of Games won by KKR in IPL in first 10 days was recorded in a
table. Calculate the mean and the mode.

Game won x Frequency, f fx

0 2 0
1 4 4 Mean = ∑fx
2 8 16 ∑f
3 3 9
= 42 = 2.1
4 2 8
20
5 1 5
∑f= 20 ∑fx= 42
Mode
 Grouped Data
Large quantities of data can be easily managed if placed in groups in a
frequency table. Grouped data does not enable exact values for the
mean, median and mode to be calculated.

Example 1.
During 3 hours at Delhi airport 55 aircraft arrived late. The number of
minutes they were late is shown in the grouped frequency table below.

Data is minutes late frequency

grouped 0 - 10 27
into 6 class 10 - 20 10
intervals of
20 - 30 7
width 10.
30 - 40 5
40 - 50 4
50 - 60 2
 Grouped Data
Estimating the Mean: An estimate for the mean can be obtained by
assuming that each of the raw data values takes the midpoint value of
the interval in which it has been placed.

Example 1.
During 3 hours at Delhi airport 55 aircraft arrived late. The number of
minutes they were late is shown in the grouped frequency table below.

minutes Late Frequency,f midpoint(x) fx

0 - 10 27 5 135
10 - 20 10 15 150
20 - 30 7 25 175
30 - 40 5 35 175
40 - 50 4 45 180
50 - 60 2 55 110
f  55 f x  925
Mean estimate = 925/55 = 16.8 minutes
 Grouped Data
The Modal Class

The modal class is simply the class interval of highest frequency.

Example 1.
During 3 hours at Delhi airport 55 aircraft arrived late. The number of
minutes they were late is shown in the grouped frequency table below.

minutes late frequency Modal class = 0 - 10

0 - 10 27
10 - 20 10
20 - 30 7
30 - 40 5
40 - 50 4
50 - 60 2
 Grouped Data
The Median Class Interval

The Median Class Interval is the class interval containing the

median.

minutes late frequency

0 - 10 27 (55+1)/2
= 28
10 - 20 10
20 - 30 7
30 - 40 5
40 - 50 4
50 - 60 2

The 28th data value is in the 10 - 20

class
 Grouped Data
Example 2.
A group of JKBS students took part in a Sports Day. The number of laps
completed is given in the table below. Use the information to:
(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean number of laps.
(b) Determine the modal class.
(c) Determine the class interval containing the median.

number of laps frequency (x)

1-5 2
6 – 10 9
Data is
11 – 15 15
grouped
into 8 class 16 – 20 20
intervals of 21 – 25 17
width 4. 26 – 30 25
31 – 35 2
36 - 40 1
 Grouped Data
Example 2.
A group of JKBS students took part in a Sports Day. The number of laps
completed is given in the table below. Use the information to:
(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean number of laps.
(b) Determine the modal class.
(c) Determine the class interval containing the median.

number of laps frequency midpoint(x) mp x f

1-5 2 3 6
6 – 10 9 8 72
11 – 15 15 13 195
16 – 20 20 18 360
21 – 25 17 23 391
26 – 30 25 28 700
31 – 35 2 33 66
36 - 40 1 38 38
f  91  fx  1828
Mean estimate = 1828/91 = 20.1 laps
 Grouped Data
Example 2.
A group of JKBS students took part in a Sports Day. The number of laps
completed is given in the table below. Use the information to:
(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean number of laps.
(b) Determine the modal class.
(c) Determine the class interval containing the median.

number of laps frequency (x)

1-5 2
6 – 10 9
11 – 15 15
16 – 20 20 Modal Class 26 - 30
21 – 25 17
26 – 30 25
31 – 35 2
36 - 40 1
 Grouped Data
Example 2.
A group of JKBS students took part in a Sports Day. The number of laps
completed is given in the table below. Use the information to:
(a) Calculate an estimate for the mean number of laps.
(b) Determine the modal class.
(c) Determine the class interval containing the median. 

number of laps frequency (x)

1-5 2 f  91
6 – 10 9 (91+1)/2 =
11 – 15 15 46
16 – 20 20
21 – 25 17
26 – 30 25
31 – 35 2
36 - 40 1

The 46th data value is in the 16 – 20

class
Weighted Means

 Grade point average (GPA): JKBS assign "weights" to

the individual course grades in the form of credits. A
grade in a 4-credit course affects your GPA more
than a grade in a 3-credit course. For example,
suppose Joe took the following courses:
 COURSE CR GR
Calculus 4 C
Discr. Math 3 A
English Lit. 3 A
Chemistry 4 D
Comp. Sci. 3 B
 Most colleges use the scale: A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1,
F = 0. To compute Bharat’s GPA, we multiply each
course grade (converted to the number equivalent)
by the course credits, then divide the sum by the
total number of credits:

COURSE CR GR
Calculus 4 C 4*2 = 8
Discr. Math 3 A 3*4 = 12
English Lit. 3 A 3*4 = 12
Chemistry 4 D 4*1 = 4
Comp. Sci. 3 B 3*3 = 9
---- ----
17 45
GPA = 45 / 17 = 2.65
 Example: Grades are often computed using a
weighted average. Suppose that homework
counts 10%, quizzes 20%, and tests 70%. If Seema
has a homework grade of 92, a quiz grade of 68,
and a test grade of 81, then find Pat’s overall
grade

Pat's overall grade = (0.10)(92) + (0.20)(68) + (0.70)(81)

= 79.5
Range

•Range is simply the difference between the

largest and smallest values in the sample
•Range is the simplest measure of variability.
•Note that range is highly sensitive to the
largest and smallest values.
 Example: Apartment Rents

Seventy studio apartments

were randomly sampled in
a small college town. The
monthly rent prices for
these apartments are listed
in ascending order on the next slide.
Range
Range = largest value - smallest value
Range = 615 - 425 = 190

425 430 430 435 435 435 435 435 440 440
440 440 440 445 445 445 445 445 450 450
450 450 450 450 450 460 460 460 465 465
465 470 470 472 475 475 475 480 480 480
480 485 490 490 490 500 500 500 500 510
510 515 525 525 525 535 549 550 570 570
575 575 580 590 600 600 600 600 615 615
Variance

The variance is a measure of variability that

uses all the data
Thevariance is based on the difference
between each observation (xi) and the
mean ( x for the sample and μ for the
population).
 The variance is the average of the
squared differences between the
observations and the mean value

 ( x   ) 2
For the population: 2  i
N

 ( x  x ) 2
s2  i
For the sample: n 1
Standard Deviation

 The Standard Deviation of a data

set is the square root of the
variance.
 The standard deviation is measured
in the same units as the data,
making it easy to interpret.
 Computing a standard
deviation

( xi   ) 2
For the population: 
N

( xi  x ) 2
For the sample: s
n 1
Coefficient of Variation

Computing the coefficient

of variation:

100 For the population


s
100 For the sample
x
Broker-Assisted 100 Shares at 50 per Share

Range 45.05
Interquartile Range 23.98
Variance 190.67
Standard Deviation 13.8
Coefficient of
Variation 38.02

25th percentile 6
75th percentile 18
interquart 25 24.995
interquart 75 48.975
Mean 36.32
Online 500 Shares at 50 per Share

Range 57.50
Interquartile Range 11.475
Variance 140.633
Standard Deviation 11.859
Coefficient of Variation 57.949

25th percentile
75th percentile
interquart 25 13.475
interquart 75 24.95
Mean 20.46