DENSITY INDEX (RELATIVE DENSITY) SOIL MODIFICATION (USDA)

𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒𝑜 % 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑅𝐷 = ∗ 100% 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑛 100% − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
1 1 % 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡
𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑖𝑛) − 𝛾𝑑(𝑜) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 % 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑖𝑙𝑡 =
100% − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑅𝐷 = ∗ 100%
1 1
− % 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦
𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑎𝑥) 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 % 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑦 =
100% − % 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝛾𝑑(𝑜) − 𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑎𝑥)
𝑅𝐷 = [ ][ ] ∗ 100%
𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑎𝑥) − 𝛾𝑑(𝑚𝑖𝑛) 𝛾𝑑(𝑜)
Group Index (GI)
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
𝐺𝐼 = (𝐹200 − 35)[0.20 + 0.005(𝐿𝐿 − 40)] + 0.01(𝐹200 − 15)(𝑃𝐼 − 10)
1. Percentage retained on any sieve, r
𝑀𝑟
𝑟= ∗ 100%
𝑀 LIQUID LIMIT:
2. Cumulative percentage retained on each sieve, R 𝑁 𝑥
ONE POINT METHOD: 𝐿𝐿 = 𝑤𝑁 (25)
𝑅 = ∑𝑟
x=0.092; LL<50%
X=0.120; LL>50%
3. Percentage finer, F

𝐹 = 100 − 𝑅 PLASTIC LIMIT:

∑ 𝑃𝐿
LD1: 𝑃𝐿 = 𝑛
∗ 100%
2∆𝑤
UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT, 𝑪𝒖 LD2: 𝑃𝐿 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑀 & 𝑃𝐿 = 𝐿𝐿 − 4.2∆𝑤
log 2
𝑀1
𝐷
𝐶𝑢 = 𝐷60
10

COEFFICIENT OF GRADATION, 𝑪𝑪 SHRINKAGE LIMIT

(𝐷30 )2
𝐶𝑢 = 𝐷 𝑀 − 𝑀𝑠 𝑉 − 𝑉𝑑
60 ∗𝐷10 𝑆𝐿 = − ∗ 𝜌𝑤
𝑀𝑠 𝑀𝑠
SORTING COEFFICIENT, 𝑺𝒐
𝜌𝑤 1
𝑆𝐿 = ( − )
𝐷 𝜌𝑑 𝐺𝑠
𝑆𝑜 = √𝐷75
25
4. PLASTICITY INDEX

𝑃𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑃𝐿
5. SHRINKAGE INDEX

𝑆𝐼 = 𝑃𝐿 − 𝑆𝐿
6. LIQUIDITY INDEX
𝑤 − 𝑃𝐿
𝐿𝐼 =
𝑃𝐼
7. CONSISTENCY INDEX
𝐿𝐿 − 𝑤
𝐶𝐼 =
𝑃𝐼
8. TOUGHNESS INDEX
𝑃𝐼
𝑇𝐼 =
𝐹𝐼

ACTIVITY OF CLAY:
𝑷𝑰
𝑨=
𝝁
where μ is the percentage of clay sizes, i.e. of particle sizes less than
0.002mm.