REVISION MAP

Surface Chemistry
This branch of chemistry deals with the chemistry at the boundary of two bulk phases.

Adsorption Catalysis Colloids

It is the process of accumulation of It is the process of alteration of rate of These are heterogeneous systems of dispersed phase
a species at the surface of other a reaction in the presence of an DP(solute) and dispersion medium DM (solvent).
rather than in its bulk, e.g. another substance which does not
adsorption of water vapour over involve in the reaction.
silica gel. Classification Method’s of Preparation
These are prepared by
Catalyst Bredig's arc, chemical
Thermodynamics of Substances which change the rate of method and peptisation.
On the Basis of
Adsorption the reaction without being consumed Physical States
For adsorption, DG = –ve, in the reaction.
DP DM Colloid Properties of Colloids
DS = –ve.
So, D H = –ve, i.e. it is an S S Solid sol
Activity
exothermic process. It is the ease with which a catalyst S L Sol Tyndall Effect
catalyses a reaction. S G Aerosol It is the process of
L S Gel scattering of light when it
Types of Adsorption passed through the sol.
L L Emulsion
Selectivity Due to it, path of light
It is the ability of a catalyst to direct a L G Aerosol becomes visible.
Physisorption reaction to give a particular product. G S Solid foam
? It is due to van der Waals' forces e.g. CO+ H2 Cu ® HCHO G L Foam Brownian Motion
and is reversible and Ni
CO+ 3H2 ® CH4 + H2O Here, S = Solid, It is the zig-zag motion of
non-specific in nature. L = Liquid and G = Gas colloidal particles. It is due
? It has low D H and is favoured by to the unbalanced
low temperature. bombardment of the
Types of Catalysis On the Basis of particles of DM.
Interaction between
DP and DM
Chemisorption
? It is due to chemical bonding and Homogeneous Catalysis Charges of Colloids
hence, highly specific and Here, reactants and catalyst are in +ve charge Hydrated
Lyophilic Colloids
irreversible in nature. same phase (physical state). metal oxide, blood, oxide,
These are water loving
? It has high D H and favoured by colloids. etc.
high temperature. e.g. Gum, gelatin, etc. –ve charge Metal sol,
Heterogeneous Catalysis sulphide sol, starch, gum,
Here, reactants and catalyst are in the gelatin, etc.
Adsorption Isotherm different phase. Lyophobic Colloids
It is a curve showing variation of These are water hating Hardy-Schulze Rule
extent of adsorption with pressure and unstable. It states greater the
Shape Selective Catalysis These are irreversible
at constant temperature. valency of oppositely
It depends upon the pore size, e.g.
and prepared by charged ion, more is its
zeolite (alumino silicate) ZSM-5
specific methods. coagulating power.
converts alcohols into gasoline.
e.g. Au, S, sol, etc.
Freundlich Isotherm
x 1/n
— = kp Emulsions
m Enzyme Catalysis
x = extent of adsorption. In these, DP and DM both
Here, —
m ?
In it, reactions occurring in human On the Basis of
Particles of DP are liquids. These are of
x = kp body (or living beings) are catalysed
? At low p, — two types:
m by some proteins, called enzymes. On this basis, these are
x e.g. Invertase, zymase, maltase, classified as (i) Oil in water type, e.g.
? At high p, — = k milk, vanishing cream.
m etc. multimolecular,
x 1/n
?
These are also called biocatalysts. macromolecular and (ii) Water in oil type, e.g.
? At intermediate p, — = kp
m associated colloids. butter, cream, etc.