Chapter 1

The Problem and It's Background

Introduction

Material and visual aids are means of communication tools which can greatly

influence the reception of transmitting messages and information. trough them the

transmission of information is more effective, so that learners are able to learn in the

best way. Teachers interd use of instructional materials to facilitate better

understanding of the learners.

The adoption, purchase and use instructional materials is an important and ongoing

process. The stimulates the learning of the students to have a better and fruitful

understanding of the lesson. In a survey by Cisco (2010), the multimedia company

emphasizes the trends in the relationships between technology education and

innovations are to develop a culture of innovation and excellent education design

practice, go provide a charging balance to scaffolding learner use of the internet,

social networking and new media and to support sustainable organic growth through

encouraging grass roots development.

However, far too frequently teachers using instructional materials and content

delivery systems for schools mistakenly assume that Instructional materials are too

much consuming time if it is not use appropriately. The effectiveness of instructional

materials depends upon the manner and the degree to which they meet the needs of

teachers and students, (Baltimore, 2008).

Contradictory to this, children in pre- school or primary grade aged students have a
limited ability to focus only a matter a fifteen minutes (Tyler 200) this result to

students boredom and misbehavior, which actually hampered the full capacity of

students to understand and absorb the learning.

In addressing this problem, teacher's device Instructional materials to catch and

retain and students attention. Moreover, according to Allwright (2000), Instructional

materials are useful in aiding the transmission of information from teachers to

learners. Instructional materials as defined by Bel (2008) are objects or mean

communication process that stores and distribute human experience and knowledge.

in teaching, it consists of all forms of information carrier, which can be used to

promote an effective learning in teaching teaching activities.

The quality of instructional materials directly impacts the quality of teaching. One of

the biggest in the classroom is the disengagement of the students; traditional methods

of teaching such as writing role on the chalkboard and direct questioning can

exacerbate and disconnect students from the lesson proper. Contrary to that, non -

traditional methods of teaching such as video presentation and multimedia engage

students in study.

Regrettably, Instructional materials in teaching in most cases are only limited or

completely lacking which leads to insufficient performance on the part of the teachers

according to NTI ( National Teachers Institution) Investigation. The persistent

problem on non- availability or inadequacy of most instructional is that materials in

teaching are a great concern of the society (Kiosko 2010).

However, the Department of Education issued memoranda to address the problem

with regard to instructional materials to specifically address the problem with regard

to instructional materials. Precisely, DepEd memorandum order No. 13 S. 2012 titled

Guidelines on the Allocation, Delivery and Distribution of Instructional Materials

(MI) which aims to establish a policy development process that provide s a systematic

, evidence - based and participatory mechanisms and procedures for the formulation,

adoption and review of policies Issued by DepEd Central Office (CO). in support to

the K to 12 curriculum and DepEd No. 1 S. 2012 titled Policies and Guidelines on the

Allocation of Basic Learning Package that Bureau of Elementary Education (BEE)

provide selected elementary schools with kindergarten classes with story books as part

of the Kindergarten Basic Learning Packages in SY 2010. In addition to these

packages, IMCS shall provide supplementary reading materials (SRMs), manipulative

toys, and workbooks that were selected and/or developed by the BEE, Regions, and

Divisions for Kindergarten Classes.

In addition to this, DepEd created a special agency, Instructional Materials Council

Secretariat (IMCS), to provide technical assistance to the Instructional Materials

Council (IMC) for the formulation and adoption of policies and guidelines in the

development, evaluation, and documentation of textbooks and other Instructional

materials that made available to all public elementary and secondary schools.

The researchers, who are majoring in the Early Childhood Program , choose this

topic in absorbance of the fact the most of the Instructional tional materials are

ineffective and inappropriate for pre - schools and pre - elementary students. The

result of this study will definitely help the researchers themselves when they practice
their professions as future teachers.

Objective if the Study

The Study aims to examine the Instructional materials as determinant of students

improved r performance so as to find out its effectiveness in the academic

performance if grade 7 students of Sandiat National High School.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to find out the effectiveness of instructional materials in the

academic performance of grade 7 students of Sandiat National High School.

Specifically, the study aims to:

 Determine the socio-demographic information of grade 7 students.

 Determine the computer literacy of the Grade 7 students of Sandiat National

High School.
 Determine the effectiveness of instructional materials in the academic

performance of grade 7 students of Sandiat National High School.

Research Question

1. To what extent would the use of instructional materials influence the students

performance in the teaching and learning of social studies?

2. To what extent would the selection of relevant materials influence the teaching and

learning of social studies?

3. To what extent are Instructional materials available to students of social studies in

Sandiat National High School?

4. To what extent do teachers improvise Instructional materials to facilitate the

teaching and learning of social studies.

Hypotheses

In order to give answers to your the research questions, the following null hypothesis

were formulated.

1. There is no significant relationship between the use of instructional materials and

the overall performance of student in the teaching and learning OS social studies.

2. There is no significant relationship between the selection of relevant materials and

their usage in the teaching and learning of social studies.

3. There is no significant relationship between the availability of instructional

materials and effective implementation in the teaching and learning of social studies.

4. There is no significant relationship between the teaching and learning of social

studies where there are no improvised teaching aids.

Purpose of the Study

This study focuses primarily on the effect of instructional materials on the teaching

and learning of teachers and Grade 7 students of Sandiat National High School.

Specifically, the Study set out to achieve the following objectives.

1. To determine the effectiveness of instructional materials in the academic

performance of Grade 7 students.

2. To find out why secondary schools teachers find it difficult to select relevant

instrucrional materials toward the teaching and learning social studies.

3 To find out what extent Instructional materials are available in teaching and learning

social studies.
Significance of the Study

Students- this study is very important to students for them to know the importance

and effectiveness of instructional materials towards studies.

Teachers- they will be beneficial in this study because it will measure the

effectiveness of instructional materials in teaching process.

Parents- by this study, it will be helpful on them in knowing the academic

performance of their children.

Future Researchers- this study will be a useful l to for it will serve as a guide in

making another t research.

Definition of Terms

Effectiveness- the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired

result.

Instructional Materials- are any collection if materials including animate and

inanimate objects and human and non-human resources that a teacher may use in

teaching and learning situation.

Academic performance- is the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has

achieved their goal.

Instruction- detailed information telling how something should be done, operated or

assembled.

Effectiveness- power to be effective and the quality of being able to bring about an

effect.

Teaching- the activities of educating or instructing a activities that impart knowledge

or skill.

Competencies- the quality of being adequately or well qualified physically and

intellectually.

Development- is the act of improving by expanding, enlarging or refining; the

merging of two university department night lead to the development.

Learning- the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study or being

taught.

Lesson- an amount of teaching given at one time

or a period of learning or teaching.

Performance- an act or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task or

function.

Facility- a place amenity, or piece if equipment provided for a particular purpose.

PowerPoint- a software package designed to create electronic presentations consisting

of a series of separate pages or slides.

Resources- a stock or supply of money, materials, staff and other assets can be drawn

on by a person or organization in order to function affectively.

Discussion- the action or process of talking about something, typically in order to

reach a decision or to exchange ideas.

Frequency Distribution- a mathematical function showing the number of instances in

which variable takes oach of its possible values.

Frequency- the rate of which something occur or is repeated over a particular period

of time or in a given sample.

Respondent- a defendant in a lawsuit,especially one in an appeals or divorse case.

Sample- a small part of quantity intended to show what the whole is like.