ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF VIJAYAWADA CITY

T.VIDYASAGAR1 AND NAGESWARA RAO**

Introduction:

Vijayawada city (city) is located at Latitude – 16O 31’0N & Longitude –

80 37’0E with an altitude of 11 Meters. The city is spread over 58 Sq.kms.,
O

and the city was upgraded to Municipal Corporation in the year 1981. The
population of Vijayawada city is 7,01,827 as per 1991 census and is
9,46,650 as per the 2001 census. The Fig 1 indicates that there is increase
of 34.88% population in the Vijayawada city during the last decade. By
extrapolation of above data, it may be foreseen that the population might
have crossed around 12 Lakhs by year, i.e., 2011. It is one of the important
commercial cities of the South India connecting National Highways (NH5
and NH9) and many important Railway routes. It is a major Railway
junction connecting important rail routes of South India.
Prakasam barrage was constructed across River Krishna in the year
1852 and the irrigation canals are serving for both irrigation as well as
drinking water supply to long distances upto Channai. Irrigation canals
starting from Prakasam Barrage are passing through the city and are
receiving discharges from the various locations. Three Sewage Treatment
Plants (10MLD STP at Ramalingeswara nagar, 27MLD STP at Azith singh
nagar, 10MLD STP at Jawahar Autonagar and 15MLD STP (Sullage) at
Purnanadam peta) are constructed to control the municipal sewage joining
the irrigation canals. The Wastewater generation is 70.6 MLD; the Solid
waste generation is 253 TPD as per 1991 Census. In the year, 2008 the city
has generated 550 TPD of Solid waste and the Sewage about 150 MLD.
Due to the increased population in and around Vijayawada City, the
established capacities of STP’s are insuficient for treatment of sewage/solid
waste generated by the city.
The city is connected by National Highways linking South, North, East and West. The
Commercial as well as Non commercial vehicular movement along the city is notable. The Fig 2
provides the statistics (obtained from RTA) indicating the increase of 227% in the commercial
vehicles category during the years 2000 – 2008 and 192% growth in the Non commercial
vehicles. About 74% of growth is registered in case of 2 & 3 Wheelers. The growth in the
vehicular movement and increased population is causing increase in pollution. The Autonagar
Industrial Area has been ear marked for establishment of small and medium auto ancillary units,
as the city is the hub of commercial vehicular traffic. The details of industries in and around city
are also contributing pollution, are given in graphical representation in Fig 3.
Criteria for measurement of AAQ, AAQNL, Traffic and Water Quality and Site Selection:

Owing to the increase of vehicular population, industrial as well as commercial activity,

monitoring Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) at locations Autonagar, Benz Circle and Police Control
room, near R.T.C. Bus station in Vijayawada is being carried out for assessment of pollution

1
AP Pollution Control Board, Zonal Laboratory, ZO Hyderabad, H.No.
1-8-269, Balasamudram, Warangal 506 001.
** School of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam . 530 003
levels by the AP Pollution Control Board, Vijayawada. A sample AAQ monitoring is carried out
representing Residential area in close proximity with commercial (Brundavan Colony) and
Sensitive area (Government General Hospital, New – GGH New). The Ambient Air Quality
Noise Levels (AAQNL) in Vijayawada City is monitored using Noise Level Meter (Quest make)
for a duration of 24hr study conducted for getting noise levels along with traffic data at 5
prominent places representing different activity zones namely Industrial (Autonagar), Heavy
traffic (Benz Circle), City traffic (Police Control Room), Residential area in close proximity with
Commercial (Brundavan Colony), Sensitive [Government General Hospital, New (G.G.H New)]
near NH5 and Rural Residential area (Vishnupuram Colony, Poranki) by the taking due
precautions in eliminations of interferences. This is a one time preliminary study taken up under
Environmental Schemes of AP Pollution Control Board, March, 2010. For these stations, Noise
level monitoring with Sound Level Meter (SLM), Model 1900 (Quest Technologies, USA) is
curried out and the represented data downloaded through the Quest software, that is provided
along with the instrument. For these places, traffic data is also assessed. The quality of water
resources, effluent, sewage and its treatment facility is also assessed form the available sources
along with category wise statistics of industries. The graphical representation is made to
accommodate large data. This type some relevant study is done at Visakhapatnam city is
published in NEERI Journal1
Results and Discussions:

The trends in the AAQ indicate that the Respirable Suspended

Particulate Matter (PM10 or RSPM) and Suspended Particulate Matter
(SPM) values are decreasing at Benz Circle and Autonagar, but Police
Control Room shown increasing trend during 2004 to 2008. However at
Patamata the values are almost constant for the years 2002 and 2003.
Despite the increase of 50% growth in the number of vehicles there is no
significant rise in the levels of RSPM and SPM. As per the new standards,
the average annual values of RSPM are exceeding the stipulated limit i.e.,
60g/M3 by 30% to 70% but are in decreasing trend. The sample average
measurements for 24hr for RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NOx concentrations in the
ambient air for Brundavan Colony and Government General Hospital,
New(G.G.H New) near NH5 are within the stipulated standards. Average
concentrations (Conc.) of RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NOx (microgram/cubic
meter) at Brindavan Colony and G.G.H New are placed at Table 1 for impact
study. At both the places, Brindavan Colony and G.G.H New the RSPM is
around 60ug/M3 and SPM is 140ug/M3 and 130ug/M3 correspondingly. The
trends in the AAQ at above diferent locations are given at Fig 4 to Fig 9
along with standard and trend lines (polynomial). For assessing seasonal
impact on pollution graphical presentation of monthly average for SPM,
RSPM, SO2 and NOx for Autonagar, Benz Circle and PC Room for the year
2009 is at Fig 10 and Fig 11. For winter season the SPM and RSPM
concentrations are remarkably higher for Autonagar, Benz Circle and PC
Room with comparison of other seasons.

The applicable new ambient Air standards2 notified by CPCB, New Delhi on 18th Nov
2009 for annual averages of RSPM (PM10) are 60g/M3, SO2 are 50g/M3 and NO2 is 40g/M3
to Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Zones and more stringent standards for ecologically
sensitive area notified by the Govt. of India. The values of corresponding parameters for
ecologically sensitive area are 60g/M3, 20g/M3 and 30g/M3 respectively. However there is no
separate standard for SPM.
 AAQNL monitoring and traffic data collection are carried out at each point for a period of
24hrs. The persons involved in monitoring are trained to take proper precautions in eliminating
interferences on selection of site and also during monitoring. To eliminate human error in record
generation, only the recorded logged data from the instrument is processed. Manual counting is
carried out for traffic data collection and the expected error is less than 10% and the actual traffic
would be up to 15% more. In brief the LN90 values represent the levels of noise on 90% of
monitoring time in dBA scale and LN10 values represent the exceeded levels of noise on 10% of
monitoring time in dBA. Lpeak is the highest noise attenuation at any time in the monitoring period.

Table 2 represents AAQNL processed data of the instrument for the monitoring points
and Table 3 represents AAQNL of some of the Theatres in city. Table 4 to Table 6 represents
traffic data for the monitoring points namely Benz Circle, Police Control Room, Brundavan
Colony and Autonagar in Vijayawada. The detailed expansion of the terms: Peak – peak value in
30 sec, Max – maximum average value of 30 sec scans, Min – minimum average value of 30 sec
scans, ‘L’ – Noise Levels in dB (A) – (decibels), ‘A’- mike response (vide frequency) with 30 sec
scan period, ‘N’ – percentiles (exceedences on percent time). LN90 represents the base line
while LN10 represents the annoyance limiting to Peak value. Graphical presented of vehicular
traffic is presented at Fig 12 to Fig 15 and Noise data is at Fig 16 to Fig 21.

Surface and Ground Water Quality in and around the Vijayawada

City:

The monitoring of ground water in Autonagar area was taken up by the Board due to
Commercial as well as Industrial activity and is situated down stream of city collecting sewage
for treatment. The data of the ground water quality at Autonagar are provided in the Table 7.
The surface water quality data of Krishna River at Prakasam Barrage is also presented as trends
for pH, DO and BOD at Fig 22 to Fig 24. The pH, DO and BOD concentrations of Krishna river
at Prakasam Barrage are within the permissible levels and Total Dissolved Solids exceeds
600mg/L. In summer, the BOD and TDS are further increases but within limits. The higher
concentrations of BOD and TDS are due to the industrial discharges in the catchments. The
ground water quality at the monitoring points in urban area is partially contaminated with NH 3
Nitrogen presence and the deterioration of ground water is more at Autonagar. Hence, the ground
water is not suitable for drinking purpose with out pre-treatment.
Conclusions

1. Benz Circle, Vijayawada:

 The area is newly developed and has become new centre of the city. The vehicular traffic
of NH5, NH9 and city is concentrated at this point. AAQ Monitoring is being carried out
near this point under NAMP programme. Traffic study was carried out first time at this
point along with AAQNL (Ambient Air Quality Noise Level) monitoring. The Brief
abstract is as follows:

 LN10 values range on daytime is 75-85dBA and at nighttime it is 70-80dBA (23.30hr to

5.00hr). LN90 values in daytime are in the range of 70 + 2.5dBA and at nighttime it is 65
+ 2.5dBA (23.30hr to 5.00hr). The range of Lpeak values is 95-105dBC and frequently it is
144dBC irrespective of day and night. The Noise values exceeded the standards by 5dBA
 to 20dBA with respect to LN90 and LN10. The Noise values at nighttime exceeded the
standards by 10dBA to 25dBA causing more annoyance.

 Traffic of more than six wheeler vehicles is passing at stable frequency with little higher
intensity after dawn and at an average of 210 per hr. The six wheelers including buses are
passing at higher frequency during the period 7.00hr to 22.00hr and the average is 550
per hr. The 4 and 3 wheelers are passing at the same trend of 6 wheelers with higher side
i.e., around 750 on an average frequency during 7.00hr to 22.00hr. The 2 wheelers
frequency is more than 1250 per hr on an average during 7.00hr to 22.00hr.

 The monthly average RSPM values in the year 2009 are ranging from 64g/M3 to
72g/M3 except higher values in August month due to BT Road works. The monthly
average SPM values in the year 2009 are in the range of 153g/M3 to 214g/M3 except
higher values in August month due to BT Road lay works.

2. Police Control Room, Vijayawada:

 The location is a narrow cross link connecting North and South India by rail line, East and
West by road and rail line, separated by NH9 near the state bus bay/city bus terminal. From
this point up to Indrakeeladri hill with a narrow road separating East city with West city
and in between one town by railway line on the other side. The impact of heavy vehicular
traffic is negligible because it is a parallel traffic junction away from the NH9. The main
contributors of noise are city buses, 4 wheelers, 3 wheelers and 2 wheelers and some extent
railway traffic.

 LN10 value range on daytime is around 79dBA and at nighttime it is 74dBA. LN90 values
in daytime are around 71dBA and at nighttime they are 61.6dBA. L peak values are
intermittently reaches to 144dBC irrespective of day and night. The Noise values are
exceeded the standards by 6dBA and 14dBA in respect of LN90 and LN10.

 Traffic of more than 6 wheelers is nil as the same is permitted only on NH9, parallel to this
point separated by State major bus bay / City bus terminal. The traffic of all other vehicles
is gradually increasing from 4.00hr to peak level during 15.00hr to 19.00hr and gradually
decreasing to lowest at 2.00hr. The lowest hourly traffic frequency for 6 wheelers, 4
wheelers, 3 wheelers and 2 wheelers are 16, 57, 135, 305 and 180 correspondingly in this
period. The peak hour traffic frequency for 6 wheelers, 4 wheelers, 3 wheelers and 2
wheelers are 437, 630, 1270 and 1625 correspondingly in the evening period.

 The monthly average RSPM values in the year 2009 are ranging from 71g/M3 to 98g/M3
except in April 2009. The monthly average SPM values in the year 2009 are ranging from
189 to 274 g/M3 except higher values in March and April 2009. Frequently the SPM
values exceeded the standards. The contribution is mainly by petrol and diesel driven
vehicles. Many of the city buses are being operated with CNG fuel. Very few 3 wheelers
are also operated with CNG.

3. Autonagar, Vijayawada:

 This is a major Industrial Estate in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh with majority units
of automobile service along with oil reclamation. The area is situated 1 KM away from
NH5 with more than 4 approach roads from NH5 with in a span of 2.5 KM and adjacent to
 NH9. The area is surrounded by residential localities. The monitoring point is situated in
the clustor of workshops. Hence this point does not represent the traffic passing through
Autonagar area. Thersfore further study is required.

 LN10 values during daytime are in the range 74 - 77dBA and at nighttime 72dBA. LN90
values in daytime are around 63dBA and at nighttime 61.6dBA. L peak values are
intermittently reaches to 144dBC during daytime. The Noise values exceeded by 2dBA in
respect of LN90.

 The frequency per hour for all other vehicles excepting 2 wheelers is not exceeded 22 at
peak time i.e., mid day and meagre at mid night. The 2 wheelers frequency is very little
from 24.00hr to 6.00hr which gradually reaches zero at 3.00-4.00hr. The 1 st peak value is
observed during 9.00-10.00hr which is around 250, then decreases to a minimum of 50
during 14.00-15.00hr and raises steeply to 455 as observed in 2 nd peak during 19.00-
20.00hr.

 The monthly average RSPM values at this location in the year 2009 are ranging from
83g/M3 to 98g/M3 except in May 2009. The monthly average SPM values in the year
2009 are ranging from 189 to 285g/M3 except higher values in March and April 2009.
Frequently the SPM values exceeded the standards for residential AAQM but not for the
industrial standards.

4. Brindavan Colony, Vijayawada:

 The location is a residential colony situated in between NH5 and NH9 (these two high
ways are joined to a single lane for about 3KM) and Gandhi Road (connecting Benz Circle
and Police Control Room and is parallel to NH9). The area is in Vijayawada Urban and
adjacent to Commercial Zone. Near by the monitoring site an electronic industry is located.
Hence monitoring is carried out on public holiday to nullify the industrial activity impact
during the monitoring.

 LN10 values range during daytime is 63 - 66dBA and at nighttime it is 61.6dBA. LN90
values throughout the day are 61.6dBA. The range of Lpeak values is 143dBC frequently in
daytime. The Noise values exceeded by 6.6dBA irrespective of day /night and the
annoyance is less in nighttime.

5. Govt. General Hospital (New), Vijayawada:

 This is located adjacent to the NH5 and is associated with NTR Medical University and
belongs to silent zone.

 LN10 values are in the range of 62 - 65dBA. LN90 values are 61.6dBA. The range of L peak
values is 82.2 to 123dBA in daytime, fluctuating frequently. All the noise levels exceeded
more than 11 dBA on comparision with silent zone standards.
6. Noise levels of some of the theatres:

 12 Theatres are monitored for a period of approx. 10min each. For the modern theatres
the recorded noise range is high i.e., 51dBA to 133dBA.
  The peak noise level is around 133dBC for DTS and INOX theatres. L min value is 51dBA
for modern theatres. Lmin value for other theatres is in the range of 57 – 69dBA. L max
value range is from 94 – 100dBA. LN10 value range is from 81 to 88dBA. LN90 values
range is 51.6 to 78dBA.

7. Vistnupuram Colony, Poranki, Vijayawada:

 This monitoring point represents residential rural city area away from 0.6KM from NH9
with little traffic pertaining to residences and a part of Poranki village, Penamalur
mandal.

 The values for Lpeak, Lmin, Lmax, LN10 and LN90 are 133dBC, 51.6dBA, 108dBA,
64.5dBA and 51.6dBA respectively. The intermittent values of L peak and Lmax values cause
more annoyance to the residents. LN90 and LN10 values indicate the noise levels are
within the permissible limit.

The Projected Population of Vijayawada City upto year 2011 from the year
1991

1200000
Population

1000000
946650

800000

701827

600000
Y1991 Y2001 Y2011
Census Year

Fig 1: The Projected Population of Vijayawada City upto year 2011 from the year 1991
 Details of Commercial/ Non commercial vehicles in Vijayawada city as per
RTA Dept., Vijayawada
20000
Number of Vehicles

15000

10000

5000

0
2000 – 2001 – 2002 – 2003 2004 – 2005 2006 – 2007 - 2008 –
2001 2002 2003 – 2004 2005 – 2006 2007 2008 2009
No.of Commercial 875 1050 1541 1580 2327 2195 2990 2865
No.of Non commercial 1155 1152 1403 1536 191 2164 2615 3380
No.of 2 & 3 Wheelers 10365 12615 14358 12942 14821 15407 16328 18068
Financial Year

Fig 2: Details of Cwifi hd cameraommercial/ Non commercial vehicles in Vijayawada city

as per RTA.

Industries in diferent category in Vijayawada City and surroundings

120

100
Number of Industries

80

60
40
20

0
Y2001 Y2008 Grouth% Y2001 Y2008 Grouth% Y2001 Y2008 Grouth%
Red Orange Green

Large Scale 19 30 58 5 7 40 0 0 0
Medium Scale 18 29 61 5 7 40 4 6 50
Small Scale 15 32 113 17 25 47 8 11 38
Category, Year and Growth percent

Fig 3: Industries in different category in Vijayawada City and surroundings

Table 1: Average Conc. of RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NOx.

(microgram/cubic meter) at Brindavan Colony and Govt. General
Hospital, Vijayawada.
 Param Sft1 (6 - 14 hr) Sft2 (14 - 22hr) Sft3 (22 - 6hr) Avg. (24hr)
Brindavan Colony (A sample Monitoring on 16-10-2010)
RSPM 60.1 71.8 48.6 60.2
SPM 140. 162. 127. 143.2
3 3 0
SO4 BDL BDL BDL BDL
NOx 11.0 13.0 11.0 11.7
Govt. General Hospital (A sample Monitoring on 16-10-2010
and 18-10-2010)
RSPM 55.7 75.9 43.2 58.3
SPM 121. 157. 111. 130.1
4 1 7
SO4 BDL BDL BDL BDL
NOx BDL 4.0 5.0 4.5
BDL represents Below Detectable Level of Concentration.
 YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND SPM AT
AUTONAGAR (ug/ cubic meter), Vijayawada City
400.0 360.4 362.9 356.9
335
350.0

300.0
244.8 239.4
ug/ cubic meter

233.6 236
250.0
200.0
130.5

126.8

123.2

119.4

100.1
150.0

92.6

92.3

89.1
100.0
50.0
0.0
Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009

RSPM SPM Year Std RSPM 120

Std SPM 360 PM10(RSPM) NewStd 60
Fig 4: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND SPM AT
AUTONAGAR (ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada
YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND SPM AT BENZ
300.0
CIRCLE (ug/ cubic meter), Vijayawada City
ug/ cubic meter

250.0 241.7 242.3

233.9

204.7
196.6
200.0 181.5
179.4 179.5
105.3

105.1
97.4

150.0 93.1
87.7

85.0
81.0

69.7
100.0

50.0

0.0
Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009
Year
RSPM SPM StdRSPM 60
StdSPM 140 Trend SPM Trend RSPM

Fig 5: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND SPM

AT BENZ CIRCLE (ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada

Fig 6: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND TSPM

AT PATAMATA (PAT) AND POLICE CONTROL ROOM (PCRoom)
(ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada
 YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF RSPM AND SPM AT
PATAMATA (PAT) AND POLICE CONTROL ROOM (PCRoom)
250.0 (ug/ cubic meter), Vijayawada City 217.4 219.3
191.3 188.2 185.6
200.0 179.3
ug/ cubic meter

164.6 169.0

150.0

95.2
90.1
77.0
75.2
73.2
70.0

69.4

69.0
100.0

50.0

0.0
Y2002- Y2003- Y2004- Y2005- Y2006-- Y2007- Y2008- Y2009-
PAT PAT PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR
Year
RSPM SPM RSPM-STD 60 SPM-STD 140

YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT

AUTONAGAR (ug/ cubic meter), Vijayawada City
100.0

80.0 72.2
62.2
ug/ cubic meter

58.2 59.2
60.0

37.5 36.6
40.0 32.6

20.0 14.0
6.4

6.1

5.8
4.0

4.1

4.1
3.7

2.8

0.0
Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009
Year
SO2 NOx Std 80 SO2 New Std 50 NO2 New Std 40
Fig 7: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT
AUTONAGAR (ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada
 YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT
100.0
BENZ CIRCLE (ug/ cubic meter), Vijayawada City

80.0
70.6 69.5
62.0
ug/ cubic meter

60.0

40.0 35.5 35.8

32.2 31.3

20.0
11.0

5.9

5.2
4.9
4.4
2.7

2.9

2.5
2.2

0.0
Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008 Y2009
Year
SO2 NOx Std 60 SO2 New Std 50 NO2 New Std 40
Fig 8: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT
BENZ CIRCLE (ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada

YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT

80.0
PATAMATA AND POLICE CONTROL ROOM (PCRoom) (ug/ cubic
meter), Vijayawada City
60.0
49.4 50.2
ug/ cubic meter

47.7

40.0 36.6 34.7

33.7 31.5

20.0 16.2
6.2
5.2
3.8

3.6
3.2
2.1
2.0

2.0

0.0
Y2002- Y2003- Y2004- Y2005- Y2006- Y2007- Y2008- Y2009-
PAT PAT PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR PCR
Year
SO2 NOx Std 60 SO2 New Std 50 NO2 New Std 40
Fig 9: YEARLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2 AND NOx AT PATAMATA
AND POLICE CONTROL ROOM (PCRoom) (ug/cubic meter), Vijayawada
 350
Conc in micro-grams/ cubic meter
300

250

200

150

100

50

 AVERAGE
Aug-09
Apr-09
Jan-09

Jun-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Dec-09
Feb-09

Jul-09

Nov-09
Mar-09

May-09

Time span
Benz CircleRSPM Autonagar RSPM PC Room RSPM
Benz CircleSPM Autonagar SPM PC Room SPM

Fig 10: Monthly average conc. for SPM and RSPM for Autonagar,
Benz Circle and PC Room for the year 2009

25
Conc in micro-grams/ cubic meter

20

15

10

0
Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09
Jan-09

Feb-09

Jul-09

 AVERAGE

Time span
Benz Circle SO2 Autonagar SO2 PC Room SO2
Benz Circle NOx Autonagar NOx PC Room NOx

Fig 11: Monthly average conc. for SO2 and NOx for Autonagar,
Benz Circle and PC Room for the year 2009

Table 2: Noise level Data at some places, Vijayawada

Start Start End End Lpea Lma LN1 LN3 LN6 LN9
Lmin
Date Time Date Time k x 0 0 0 0
1.Noise level Data of Benz Circle, Vijayawada
 13/03/1 10:3 13/03/1
0 2 0 14:14 116.5 96.3 64.9 80.1 76.2 73.3 70.5
13/03/1 14:1 13/03/1
0 5 0 14:29 109.9 92.4 61.6 80.2 76.2 73.3 70.1
13/03/1 15:1 13/03/1
0 7 0 21:00 143.5 116.4 61.6 80.7 76.7 73.6 70.3
13/03/1 22:5 14/03/1
0 0 0 9:45 143 103.5 61.6 77.7 73.3 69.3 63.5
2.Noise level Data of Brindavan Colony, Vijayawada
14/03/1 11:2 14/03/1
0 2 0 20:29 143.7 109.3 61.6 65.9 61.6 61.6 61.6
14/03/1 20:4 15/03/1
0 6 0 7:02 143.5 103.9 61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6 61.6
15/03/1 07:2 15/03/1
0 1 0 11:02 143.2 106.4 61.6 62.9 61.6 61.6 61.6
3. Noise level Data of Police Control Room, Vijayawada
15/03/1 14:3 15/03/1
0 9 0 21:03 142.9 104 62.5 80.5 77.1 74.3 71.6
15/03/1 21:3 16/03/1
0 6 0 7:09 143.5 107.7 61.6 74.4 70.1 65.4 61.6
16/03/1 16/03/1
0 7:53 0 14:56 143.5 104.6 61.6 78.6 75.3 72.6 70
4.Noise level Data of Autonagar, Vijayawada
18/03/1 13:1 18/03/1
0 6 0 13:28 133.5 99.2 57.6 67 62.1 60 58.8
18/03/1 16:0 19/03/1
0 7 0 8:10 143.7 113.1 61.6 72 64.3 61.6 61.6
19/03/1 19/03/1
0 8:22 0 10:49 143.7 108.2 61.6 74.1 68 62 61.6
19/03/1 11:2 19/03/1
0 1 0 16:07 143.8 114 61.6 77 71.8 67.8 63.1
5.Noise level Data of Vishnupuram Colony, Poranki, Vijayawada
30/03/1 12:2 31/03/1
0 3 0 7:58 133.7 107.1 51.6 64.5 53 51.6 51.6
31/03/1 10:4 31/03/1
0 4 0 13:15 133.7 108.1 51.6 64.6 53 51.6 51.6
6.Noise level Data of Govt. General Hospital (New), Vijayawada
11/03/1 19:1 12/03/1
0 5 0 22:57 142.6 99.8 61.6 64.8 61.6 61.6 61.6

Table 3: Noise level Data of some of the Theatres in Vijayawada

Sl Star
No t Start End End Lpea Lma Lmi LN1 LN3 LN6 LN9
Name
Dat Time Date Time k x n 0 0 0 0
e
1. INOX A-1 (Screen-1)
18:3 19/03/1
19/03/10 1 0 18:48 133.6 99.8 51.6 81.7 76.1 71.3 63.9
 18:4 19/03/1
19/03/10 9 0 18:53 133.4 90.8 51.6 81.6 78.1 72.7 59.1
2. INOX A-2 (Screen-2)
18:5 19/03/1
19/03/10 4 0 18:59 133.5 99.6 51.6 73.5 61.9 54.3 51.6
19:0 19/03/1
19/03/10 0 0 19:04 133.5 99 51.6 74.7 64.7 53.9 51.6
3. INOX A-3 (Screen-3)
19:0 19/03/1
19/03/10 5 0 19:12 133.4 97.6 52.7 82.9 71.4 63.6 54.9
19:1 19/03/1
19/03/10 3 0 19:18 133.4 101.2 62.4 88.8 76.3 72.3 67.3
4. Vinayaka Theater
16:1
7/04/10 2 7/04/10 16:13 110 90.4 68.7 87.2 85.3 81.8 75.6
16:1
7/04/10 8 7/04/10 16:21 117.5 96.6 64.4 91.4 88.3 84.4 75.1
16:2
7/04/10 2 7/04/10 16:30 114.7 97.3 63 91 88.2 83.8 75.1
5. Durgamahal, Patamata
18:2 24/04/1
24/04/10 1 0 18:40 123.2 94.3 69.4 87.9 85.6 83 78.9
6. Mohandas Theater, Patamata
18:4 24/04/1
24/04/10 8 0 19:08 132.7 94.2 68.9 82.4 81 79.4 77.1
7. Apsara Theater, Governorpet
30/04/10 11:5 30/04/1
4 0 12:06 118.8 94.5 67.6 89.8 87.4 82.9 78.4
8. Venkataswarna Palace, Governorpet
30/04/10 12:1 30/04/1
6 0 12:19 111.7 94.9 71.2 91.5 86.8 83.6 77.8
30/04/10 12:3 30/04/1
5 0 12:49 108.8 95.1 51.7 90 85.9 79.7 72.3
9. Sri Venkataswara Palace, Governorpet
30/04/10 12:5 30/04/1
1 0 13:04 103.6 87.1 57.2 81.1 78.4 75.6 71.4
10. Swarna Palace, Governorpet
30/04/10 13:0 30/04/1
7 0 13:21 113.8 99.7 65.3 84.1 82.1 80 75.8
11. Sakuntala Theater,
30/04/10 13:3 30/04/1
2 0 13:45 108.1 92.9 66.4 81.2 78.2 76.2 73.4
12. Annapurna Theatre,
30/04/10 13:4 30/04/1
7 0 13:52 109.6 90 53.7 85.1 81.7 75 68.5

Table 4: Benz Circle, Vijayawada – Hourly Traffic Trends on a day

Benz circle from S-
W ways
Benz circle from N-
E ways
Combined Trafic at
Benz circle
Benz circle from S-
W ways
Benz circle from N-
E ways
Combined Trafic at
Benz circle
Benz circle from S-
W ways
Benz circle from N-
E ways
Combined Trafic at
Benz circle
Benz circle from S-
W ways
Benz circle from N-
E ways
Combined Trafic at
Benz circle
Benz circle from S-
W ways
Benz circle from N-
E ways
Combined Trafic at
Benz circle
 wheelers

6 wheelers

4 wheelers

4 wheelers

3 wheelers

3 wheelers
6 wheelers

6 wheelers

4 wheelers

3 wheelers

2 wheelers

2 wheelers

2 wheelers
wheelers
wheelers
>6

>6
>6
hr

00-
01 145 120 265 158 151 309 101 98 199 78 138 216 111 143 254
01-
02 130 85 215 86 65 151 36 43 79 24 51 75 21 60 81
02-
03 155 114 269 109 110 219 71 82 153 38 61 99 35 50 85
03-
04
04-
05 75 105 180 105 140 245 70 45 115 120 100 220 145 80 225
05-
06 101 170 271 125 130 255 95 72 167 160 113 273 205 165 370
06-
07 170 165 335 107 207 314 104 167 271 107 200 307 195 325 520
07-
08 115 77 192 135 201 336 140 235 375 100 187 287 300 515 815
08-
09 165 266 431 210 320 530 205 355 560 255 332 587 495 475 970
09- 159
10 99 155 254 133 390 523 135 537 672 180 450 630 380 0 1970
10- 104 139
11 164 125 289 201 231 432 278 571 849 271 778 9 511 0 1901
11- 159
12 119 130 249 235 250 485 277 395 672 314 423 737 530 0 2120
12-
13 190 125 315 240 223 463 325 280 605 349 295 644 450 525 975
13-
14 130 65 195 285 160 445 320 265 585 430 185 615 560 375 935
14-
15 195 114 309 316 403 719 296 482 778 291 573 864 630 905 1535
15-
16 133 92 225 194 315 509 311 395 706 275 270 545 440 535 975
16-
17 145 132 277 223 419 642 305 569 874 236 534 770 573 875 1448
17-
18 125 105 230 207 315 522 220 580 800 265 280 545 465 880 1345
18-
19 125 41 166 244 133 377 335 150 485 210 150 360 610 270 880
19- 112
20 190 184 374 220 325 545 210 430 640 250 411 661 440 5 1565
20-
21 270 115 385 230 193 423 200 340 540 320 535 855 315 845 1160
21- 104 120
22 194 387 581 215 485 700 225 580 805 305 744 9 430 5 1635
22- 280 280 240 240 245 245 240 240 440 440
 23
23-
24 178 178 235 235 215 215 211 211 302 302
Tota 341 305 646 421 540 961 450 688 113 481 702 118 828 142 2250
l 5 0 5 8 1 9 4 6 90 8 1 39 1 25 6
 Represents trafic reaching from the direction: N – Eluru Road (NH5),
E – Bandar Road, S – Guntur Road (NH5) and W – Gandhi Road

Table 5: Police Control Room, Vijayawada - Hourly Traffic Trends

on a day
wheelers>6 PC Room from N-W ways

4 wheelers PC Room from N-W ways

3 wheelers PC Room from N-W ways

2 wheelers PC Room from N-W ways

6 wheelers PC Room from N-W ways
6 wheelers PC Room from S-E ways

4 wheelers PC Room from S-E ways

3 wheelers PC Room from S-E ways

2 wheelers PC Room from S-E ways

Trafic at PC Room

Trafic at PC Room
Trafic at PC Room

Trafic at PC Room

Trafic at PC Room
PC Room from S-E ways

wheelers>6

4 wheelers

3 wheelers
6 wheelers

2 wheelers
wheelers
>6

hr

00-01 0 0 0 25 9 34 45 13 58 185 200 385 160 68 228

01-02 0 0 0 45 4 49 50 7 57 240 145 385 125 55 180
02-03 0 0 0 15 1 16 40 17 57 170 135 305 120 145 265
03-04 0 0 0 55 2 57 55 8 63 150 188 338 220 112 332
04-05 0 0 0 45 30 75 60 40 100 125 170 295 195 210 405
05-06 0 0 0 24 65 89 80 60 140 300 195 495 170 205 375
06-07 0 0 0 107 155 262 239 91 330 579 370 949 524 265 789
07-08 0 0 0 190 57 247 92 42 134 325 195 520 255 190 445
08-09 0 0 0 103 195 298 79 90 169 247 250 497 330 265 595
09-10 0 0 0 160 160 320 123 124 247 305 300 605 400 335 735
129
10-11 0 0 0 173 105 278 197 145 342 475 280 755 745 547
2
11-12 0 0 0 145 170 315 147 747 100 247 420 327 480 450 930
12-13 0 0 0 96 140 236 270 880 151 421 550 330 525 473 998
13-14 0 0 0 153 125 278 265 840 170 435 470 370 465 520 985
14-15 0 0 0 155 145 300 160 870 250 410 340 530 360 575 935
127 101 161
15-16 0 0 0 195 229 424 365 265 630 640 631 605
1 0 5
106 155
16-17 0 0 0 150 240 390 270 256 526 440 627 940 612
7 2
17-18 0 0 0 140 185 325 206 185 391 540 480 102 103 593 162
 0 5 8
112 103 151
18-19 0 1 1 125 205 330 210 216 426 625 500 483
5 0 3
19-20 0 0 0 235 202 437 260 210 470 340 525 865 480 505 985
20-21 0 0 0 175 170 345 410 125 535 350 390 740 580 415 995
21-22 0 0 0 150 202 352 210 245 455 365 345 710 323 543 866
22-23 0 0 0 125 128 253 180 177 357 325 233 558 470 277 747
23-24 0 0 0 145 77 222 190 127 317 435 190 625 705 126 831
293 300 593 420 311 731 894 790 168 116 857 202
Total
0 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 7 1 6 47 47 4 21

Table 6: Brundavan Colony and Autonagar in Vijayawada - Hourly Traffic Trends on a

day
Brundavan Colony Autonagar
wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers

wheelers
6 wheelers
>6

>6
hr

2
00-01 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 7 0 15
01-02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 8
02-03 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 7 8 0
03-04 0 0 0 0 0 4 6 3 10 7
04-05 0 0 5 2 4 3 15 5 7 15
05-06 0 0 12 6 7 6 9 4 3 15
06-07 0 3 17 9 13 5 4 9 17 35
07-08 0 2 12 8 14 5 7 13 6 75
08-09 0 0 8 11 30 2 8 12 8 157
09-10 0 0 17 15 33 6 14 22 16 272
10-11 0 0 20 5 25 7 12 13 13 180
11-12 0 0 3 7 17 10 13 25 18 145
12-13 0 0 30 8 35 13 9 17 14 260
13-14 0 0 25 3 40 8 17 13 13 145
14-15 0 0 25 0 20 4 4 6 3 80
15-16 0 0 15 5 20 15 25 20 20 150
16-17 0 0 40 9 33 0 15 15 0 37
17-18 0 0 47 15 30 10 15 50 20 345
18-19 0 0 12 3 14 7 16 22 6 319
19-20 0 0 24 0 20 4 14 20 13 455
20-21 0 0 27 14 24 6 13 25 12 305
21-22 0 0 23 10 17 7 10 16 15 195
22-23 0 0 22 3 14 2 4 5 2 60
23-24 0 0 17 0 3 0 0 10 0 30
Total 0 5 404 133 413 126 230 342 227 3305
 2500
Number of Vehicles Crossed Vehicular Frequency at Benz Circle, Vijayawada

2000

1500

1000

500

0
00-01

04-05

10-11

14-15

16-17

20-21
02-03

06-07

08-09

12-13

18-19

22-23
Time span

>6 wheelers 6 wheelers 4 wheelers 3 wheelers 2 wheelers

Fig 12: Vehicular Frequency at Benz Circle, Vijayawada

1800 Vehicular Frequency at Police Control Room, Vijayawada

1600
Number of Vehicles Crossed

1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
00-01

04-05

10-11

14-15

16-17

20-21
02-03

06-07

08-09

12-13

18-19

22-23

Time span
>6 wheelers 6 wheelers 4 wheelers 3 wheelers 2 wheelers
Fig 13: Vehicular Frequency at Police Control Room, Vijayawada
 50 Vehicular Frequency at Brundavan Colony, Vijayawada
45
Number of Vehicles Crossed

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

22-23
00-01

02-03

04-05

06-07

08-09

10-11

12-13

14-15

16-17

18-19

20-21
Time span
>6 wheelers 6 wheelers 4 wheelers 3 wheelers 2 wheelers
Fig 14: Vehicular Frequency at Brundavan Colony, Vijayawada

500 Vehicular Frequency at Autonagar, Vijayawada

450
400
Number of Vehicles Crossed

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
04-05

08-09

18-19
00-01

02-03

06-07

10-11

12-13

14-15

16-17

20-21

22-23

Time span
>6 wheelers 6 wheelers 4 wheelers 3 wheelers 2 wheelers
Fig 15: Vehicular Frequency at Autonagar, Vijayawada

B Noise Trend Analysis

 Noise trend at Benz Circle, Vijayawada (Monitored on 13th and 14th March 2010)
150

130
dB A (for peak dB C)

110

90

70

50

30
10:50

11:55

16:16

17:21

18:26

19:31

20:36

21:41

23:46
13:00

14:05

15:11
4:20
0:00

1:05

2:10

3:15

5:25

6:30

7:35

8:40

9:45

Time (00-00hr)
Lmax Lpeak LN10 LN90

Fig 16: Noise trend at Benz Circle, Vijayawada (13.3.2010 and

14.3.2010)

Noise trend at Police Control Room, Vijayawada (Monitored on 15th 16th,

March 2010)
150
dB A (for peak dB C)

130
110
90
70
50
30
6:40

9:20

16:00

18:40

22:41
0:00
1:20
2:40
4:00
5:20

8:00

10:40
12:00
13:20
14:40

17:20

20:00
21:20

Time (00-00hr)
Lmax Lpeak LN10 LN90
Fig 17: Noise trend at Police Control Room, Vijayawada (15th 16th,
March 2010)
 Noise trend at Autonagar, Vijayawada (Monitored on 18th 19th, March 2010)
150

130
dB A (for peak dB C)

110

90

70

50

30

11:50
13:01

15:23
16:34

18:56
20:07

22:29
23:40
1:11
2:22

4:44
5:55

8:17
9:28
10:39

14:12

17:45

21:18
0:00

3:33

7:06

Time (00-00hr)
Lmax Lpeak LN10 LN90
Fig 18: Noise trend at Autonagar, Vijayawada (18th 19th, March
2010)

Noise trend at Government General Hospital, Vijayawada (Monitored on 11th and 12th
March 2010)
150

130
dB A (for peak dB C)

110

90

70

50

30
10:30

12:50
14:00
15:10
16:20
17:31
18:43
19:54

22:14
11:40

21:04

23:24
1:10

3:30

5:50

8:10
0:00

2:20

4:40

7:00

9:20

Time (00-00hr)
Lmax Lpeak LN10 LN90
Fi
g 19: Noise trend at Government General Hospital, Vijayawada (11th and 12th March
2010)
 Noise trend at Brindavan colony, Vijayawada (Monitored on 14th and 15th March
2010)
150

130
dB A (for peak dB C)

110

90

70

50

30
10:48

12:00

13:12

14:24

15:36

16:48

18:00

19:12

20:24

21:36

22:48
0:00

1:12

2:24

3:36

4:48

6:00

7:12

8:24

9:36

Time (00-00hr)
Lmax Lpeak LN10 LN90

Fig 20: Noise trend at Brindavan colony, Vijayawada (14th and

15th March 2010)
 Noise trend at Vistnupuram Colony, Poranki, Vijayawada (Monitored on 30th 31st, March 2010)
150

130

110
dB A (for peak dB C)

90

70

50

30
0:58
1:55
2:52
3:49
4:46

6:40

8:34
0:01

5:43

7:37

9:31
10:28
11:25

13:19

15:13
16:10
17:07
18:04
19:01

20:55

22:49
23:46
12:22

14:16

19:58

21:52
Time (00-00hr)

Lmax. Lpeak LN10 LN90

Fig 21: Noise trend at Vistnupuram Colony, Poranki, Vijayawada

(30th 31st, March 2010)

Table 7: Ground Water Quality in Autonagar, Vijayawada City

(All values in mg/L except the parameters with * mark)
Paramete Oct Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr
r 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
pH* 7.5 7.7 7.5 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.0 7.3 8.0
EC* 975 1295 1071 1178 1206 1210 1174 1653 1209
TA 315 330 280 ---- 210 310 ---- 160 80
NO3 1.91 2.11 6.68 4.49 3.94 3.52 27.4 20.8 ----
9 1
NO2 ---- ---- ---- 0.09 BDL BDL 0.02 0.12 BDL
6 4 4
BOD 4.0 4.2 0.9 1.0 1.02 1.2 1.7 0.8 2.2
COD 40.0 4.0 12.0 ---- 18.0 15 ---- 4 8
Cl- 125 160 210 ---- 182 176 ---- 415 325
SO4 50 101 68 ---- 58 54 ---- 74 122
Na ---- ---- 290 ---- 108 86 ---- 84 53
2+
Ca 60 28 60 ---- 23 90 ---- 20 60
2+
Mg 50.0 13 90 ---- 27 230 ---- 420 260
TH 110 42 150 ---- 168 320 ---- 440 320
NH3-N 0.5 0.29 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- BDL
TDS 620 840 770 ---- 800 810 ---- 1650 810
PO4 --- ---- ---- ---- 0.06 0.06 ---- 1.40 ----
Paramete Oct Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr Apr
r 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
8 6 7
Fe --- ---- 0.04 ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.13 ----
8 8
Pb --- ---- BDL ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.05
3
Cd --- ---- 0.00 ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.00 ----
2 7
Cu --- ---- BDL ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Ni --- ---- BDL ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Cr --- ---- BDL ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.00 ----
9
Zn --- ---- 0.10 ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
5
Mn --- --- --- ---- --- ---- ---- 0.23 ----
5
TSS ---- ---- ---- ---- 10 10 ---- 10 10
F- ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.62 0.50 ---- 0.42
0.89
K ---- ---- ---- ---- 2.9 2.21 ---- 1.18
2.8
B ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- 0.64 ---- 0.51
----
Turbidity ---- ---- ---- ---- 6.0 5 ---- 5.0 8
*
Name of sampling point, when there Date p Cond. BOD
is migre flow in the river H: : DO
Krishna river at Amaravathi 03/01/20 7 533 2
09 7.5
krishna river near prakasam barrage. 08/01/20 9 521 1.8
09 8.2
Down stream of krishna river at 16/01/20 9 572 2.2
Vedadri 09 7
 Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of pH
10

8
pH

5
Y2000 Y2001 Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008

Max-pH 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.6 9 8.5 8.6 8 8.8

Min-pH 8.1 7.7 7.1 7 7.8 8 7.2 7.3 6.9
Avg-pH trend 8.3 8.2 7.5 7.46 8.3 8.2 8 7.65 7.9

Fig 22: Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of pH

Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of DO

14
12
10
mg/ L

8
6
4
2
0
Y2000 Y2001 Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008

Max-DO 8.4 12 8.4 9.9 9 7.2 6.8 8.6 11.3

Min-DO 7 6.8 6.2 5 0.8 3.9 4.8 6 5.5
Avg-DO trend 7.2 8 6.9 7.2 5.6 5.3 5.7 7.3 8

Fig 23: Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of DO

 Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of BOD

mg/ L 4

0
Y2000 Y2001 Y2002 Y2003 Y2004 Y2005 Y2006 Y2007 Y2008

Max-BOD 3.5 1.3 1.5 5.7 5 1.6 1.4 1.8 4

Min-BOD 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8
Avg-BOD trend 2.5 1.1 1.01 2.01 2.9 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.5

Fig 24: Surface Water Quality of Krishna River At Vijayawada interms of BOD

REMIDIAL MEASURES:

 At Benz Circle the traffic is very high and causing Noise pollution along with heavy
pollution due to vehicular emissions. Police Control Room is the next point for higher
pollution levels. In side the city and residential localities 4 wheelers traffic is considerably
high along with 3 wheelers and two wheelers. The Govt General Hospital experiences
higher levels of noise even it is to be silent zone due to its location. People are suffering
from noise generated due to unnecessary use of horns.

 Many of the city bus services and some of auto-rickshaws are operated with CNG and
causing lesser pollution. Hence, the remaining city buses and auto-rickshaws to be
operated with CNG.

 The non-worthy road conditioned vehicles are to be eliminated.

 People are to be educated for cautious use of horns.

 All the vehicles moving in the city/entering in to city limits to be warned for not to exceed
the speed limits for proper control at speed breakers and signal points.

 People are to be educated for cautious use of horns through public address system and
display boards for avoiding punitive measures by concerned authorities.

 The provisions for imposing penalties by the regulating authorities are to be implemented.

Short falls:

1. The monitoring is commenced on 10-03-2010 with inadequate manpower. The

monitoring persons discontinued monitoring, as they have to cross in between
 signals for counting the vehicles as well as to move along with instrument for
monitoring on day one. However, the data is included for observation purpose in
Table 4.1.

2. During the continuous monitoring at the Govt Maternity Hospital (Old),

Vijayawada the data could not be retrieved from the instrument because of deep
discharge of batteries.

3. There are short gaps in monitoring resultant of shift over/ refreshment purpose.
4.
Recommendations:

 The study is to be continued for observation of seasonal variations and to identify any
difference during working days/non working days.

 Uniform monitoring for all the locations has to be taken up in parallel for other correlating
environmental factors such as SPM, RSPM, CO, Frequency of different types of vehicles.

 Engaging technical personnel for monitoring over a period of one year may improve the
quality of generated data.

Conclusion:

The rise in vehicular traffic has been due to increase in number of educational
institutions in and around Vijayawada city with increased self-mode of transportations i.e., 2
and 4 wheelers etc. The monitoring of municipal dumpsite at Ramalingeswara Nagar,
Pathapadu are also taken up by the Board for assessment of Ground water quality. There is
one power plant in private sector based on the municipal solid waste at Ajitsingh Nagar.

The APSRTC is plying local services with CNG fuel in many routes. Three wheeler
auto services were also introduced with CNG facility. These are resulting in the reduction of
Automobile pollution in the city. Sulphur free fuels resulted to lower concentrations of
Sulphur-dioxide levels.

The higher values of average RSPM and SPM levels at Benz Circle
may be attributed to the trafic, which includes NH5, State highways and
city. However, these values during the years from 2005 to 2009 were
showing decreasing trend even after increase in the trafic year by year.
The same trend was observed at Police control Room also with an
exception during the year 2008 may be bad conditions of road and repair
works. Despite the increase of 50% growth in the number of vehicles
there is no significant rise in the levels of RSPM and TSPM. As per the
new standards, the average annual values of RSPM are exceeding the
stipulated limit i.e., 60g/M3 by 30% to 70% but are in decreasing trend.
The trends in the AAQ indicate that the NOx values are decreasing at
Benz Circle, Autonagar and increasing at Police Control Room during the
years 2004 to 2007. But for Police Control Room it has shown decreasing
trend during 2008. The trends of SO2 are negligible though they are in
the increasing order and are with in the limits of new AAQM standards.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author thanks the Member Secretary and Oficials of Andhra

Pradesh Pollution Control Board, Hyderabad and Zonal Ofice, Vijayawada
for allowing information from diferent sections and special finance to
carry out the Noise study.
1
References:

NEERI Journal “JOURNAL OF ENVIRON. SCIENCE & ENGG.” VOL. 48, No. 2, P. 139 –
142, April 2006.
2
No. B-29016/20/90/PCI-L - In exercise of the powers enforced by sub-section (2) (h) of
section 16 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981), and
in super session of the Notification No(s). S.O. 384(E), dated 11 th April, 1994 and S.O. 935(E),
dated 14th October, 1998, the Central Pollution Control Board hereby notify the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards with immediate effect, namely:- NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR
QUALITY STANDARDS.