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SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, Haryana
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Abstract
Next to rectangular and circular columns, L-shaped columns may be the most frequently
encountered reinforced concrete columns, since they can be used as a corner column in
framed structures. The behaviour of irregular shaped reinforced concrete columns has been
a constant concern for a structural engineer, to design a safe and economic structure in
modern buildings and bridge piers. L-shaped reinforced concrete column subjected to biaxial
bending and axial compression is a common design problem. Axial load capacity and
Moment capacity of rectangular and L-shaped reinforced concrete columns have been done
in this work. A computer program has been developed to obtain the axial load capacity and
moment capacity of reinforced concrete columns of rectangular and L-shaped.
*Corresponding Author
E-mail: nitindahiya1@gmail.com
simple equations and gives satisfactory Plane sections normal to the axis
results.[4] remain plane after bending.
1 1 1 1 The maximum strain in concrete at the
= + −
𝑃𝑖 𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑜 outermost compression fibre is taken
as 0.0035in bending.
where Pi = Ultimate axial load capacity The relationship between the
under biaxial eccentricities ex and ey compressive stress distribution in
Px and Py=Ultimate axial load capacity concrete and the strain in concrete may
under uni-axial eccentricities ex and ey, be assumed to be rectangle, trapezoid,
respectively parabola or any other shape which
Po = Ultimate concentric axial load results in prediction of strength in
capacity substantial agreement with the results
of test. For design purposes, the
The second method used the load contour compressive strength of concrete in the
method and gives a general non- structure shall be assumed to be 0.67
dimensional equation, which has been times the characteristic strength. The
used by IS 456-2000 for design of partial safety factor 𝛾𝑚 (= 1.5) shall be
biaxially loaded columns.[5] applied in addition tothis.[8–11]
𝑀𝑥 ∝ 𝑀𝑦
𝛽 The tensile strength of the concrete is
( ) +( ) = 1.0 ignored.
𝑀𝑥𝑜 𝑀𝑦𝑜
The stresses in the reinforcement are
derived from representative stress-
However, this equation has been modified
strain curve for the type of steel used.
by Bureau of Indian standards.
For design purposes the partial safety
factor 𝛾𝑚 (= 1.15) shall be applied.
Ramamurthy and Khan (1983) presented
The maximum strain in the tension
two methods to represent the load contour
reinforcement in the section at failure
in L-shaped columns. First method is
shall not be less than:
based on the failure surfaces in the column
(Fy/1.15 Es)+0.002
and second method proposes to be
replaced by the simple analysis of an The maximum compressive strain in
equivalent rectangular section.[6] Thomas concrete in axial compression is taken
Hsu in 1985 presented a computer as 0.002.
program which has been developed to The maximum compressive strain at
determine the ultimate axial load capacity the highly compressed extreme fibre in
of L-section. In 1992, Mallikarjuna concrete subjected to axial
presented a method based on limit state compression and bending and when
analysis. A computer program has been there is no tension on the section shall
developed to determine the axial load be 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain
capacity of L-shaped section under biaxial at the least compressed extreme fibre.
bending and axial compression. There are The maximum compressive strain at
less design aids for L-shaped reinforced the highly compressed extreme fibre in
concrete column subjected to axial load concrete subjected to axial
and biaxial bending, manual analysis of L- compression and bending, when part of
shaped column was lengthy and the section is in tension, is taken as
cumbersome process.[6,7] 0.0035. In the limiting case, when the
neutral axis lies along one edge of the
CODAL PROVISIONS section, the strain varies from 0.0035
IS 456-2000 recommends the following at the highly compressed edge to zero
assumptions at the opposite edge.[12–17]
Example 2
Design a short column under biaxial
bending with dimension 450 mm × 450
mm nominal cover of 50 mm and
subjected to an axial load of 1000 kN and
a factored moments of 75 and 60 kNm
about x- and y-axis, respectively.
Compressive strength of concrete (Fck) is
15 N/mm2 and yield strength of steel (Fy)
is 415 N/mm2
Example 3 Solution
Design a short column under biaxial The moment capacities about x-axis and y-
bending with dimension 400mm × 400 axis are slightly different due to the fact,
mm nominal cover of 50 mm and the proposed method uses equilibrium
subjected to an axial load of 1300 kN and equations for analysis and, while Pillai and
a factored moments of 190 kNm and 110 Menon uses interaction curves given in
kNm about x-axis and y-axis respectively. SP-16.
Compressive strength of concrete (Fck) is
25 N/mm2andYield strength of steel (Fy) is The value of alpha is well comparable in
415 N/mm2.[20–23] both the cases.
Solution
The proposed method compute moment
capacities about x-axis and y-axis using
equilibrium equations while S.K. Sinha
uses interaction curves developed by him.
S.K. Sinha gave only area of longitudinal
steel. The value of L.H.S of inequality
equation is 0.99, and the result is well
comparable with the result reported by
S.K. Sinha.
Example 5 Solution
Design a short column under biaxial Using the proposed method the moment
bending with dimension 190 mm × 150 capacity, axial load capacity, area of
mm × 75 mm nominal cover of 20 mm and longitudinal reinforcement has been
subjected to an axial load of 106.7 kN and calculated and results are checked with the
a factored moments of 13.56 and 4.14 results of Hsu.
kNm about x- and y-axis, respectively.
Compressive strength of concrete (Fck) is Hsu used value of alpha (α) as 1.5 for all
25 N/mm2 and yield strength of steel (Fy) the cases, whereas value of alpha (α)
is 415 N/mm2. depends on the value of Pu/Puz. It can be
seen that value of interaction equation is
0.99 whereas value of interaction equation
reported by Hsu is 1.02.
CONCLUSIONS REFRENCES
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