DOCUI\·rENTATION CENTRE OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA 8UREAU OF GOV(mNMENT OF RS ,Ii'OR RELATION WITH [,CTY UANJALUKA

Report about case Sr brenica (the first part)

DOCUMENTATION CENTRE OF REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT OF RS FOR UEl .. ATION ''''1TH .ICTY BAN'JALUKA

REp:ORT AB,QUT CASE SREB,RENIC.A (THE FIRST PART)

Bauja Luka, september 200l

Report about case Srebrenica (the first part)

PUB.L1SHERS:

DOCOMl!.NTAT[ON CENTER OF REP, BUC OF UPSKA FOR WAR. CRIMES RESEAR H

BUREA . or GOVERNME 'f OF RS FOR RELATION WITH iNTERN TrONAL TRII3 NAL FOR WAR CRIMES IN THE IIAGUE

BANJA LUKA

FOR PUBLI.IIERS:

Ph.D. Pejo Dm"lsi'llovic Dejan .Mjlcti6

PREP,\RED BY ..

Mr. DUTko Trifunovic. M L

OMPU1ER EDITING:

Janko Vclimirovid

PRJNl1NG IIOUSE:

"ORA-FIn" Banja Lukn

COP/'S: 500

Do umentation Ccntcr wa established with Ih aiHl of collecting clara on crimes again l humanity and international war Jaw during intcmal armed conflicts and civil war ill Republic o.f Srpskaand Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

\i b page: hllp;//www.dcrs. rg e-mail: dcrs@blic.net

REPUBl,fC OF SRPSKA

Bureau of Government of RS for relation with International Tribunal for War Crimes in The Hague

CASE: Report about case Srebrenicajthcufirst part)

lLjrer conducted investigationin past several year. and gathering information referred to case Srebrenica from side of agencies with jurisdictions and institutions, Bureau of Republic of Srpska for retations with lnternational Tribunal for liFtir irimes ill The Hague presents the evidences and positions referred W case Srebrenica. The goal ofthis report is to present the whole truti« about crimes commiued in Srebrenica region regardless nationality of p rpetuators of crimes and time when they were committed.

To make whole picture about events it must be ionsidered the following.

1. Events ill and around Srebrenica cannot be seen as S ilective and separat d [rom corps of crimes that were committed in Bosnia. and Herzegovina

2.. The events connected with. Srebrenica can no! be seen as selective and separated in relotion to events in Srebrenica ami Srebrenica - Bratuuac region;

3.. Theevents in Srebrenica cannot be seen separated by the time in relation to events from l ltl: of July 1995 and everything tho: had happened/rom /992 - .1995;

4. Tile events in and around Srebrenica cannot b seen as separated by nationality in relation to crimes committed by members of so-called Army oj Bosnia and llerzegovina comprised mostly by Moslem'« Jihad warriorsand to possible crimes (~f members of the Army of Republic of Srpska.

5. Having seen that every perpetuator of crimes that could b J put under 'Cllegor)' (?l illternatlonal crimes, especially the 01l(~· that arc under jurisdiction of I 'T), and ICC, belong to universal categories of criminals. against the whole humankind sJIO,uld fight and it should be taken into consideratioe that this universal categ(1)J does not have nationality but onlv one name - iriminal, Government of Republic of Srpska - presents fir" fa Is that are important in order to determine exactl» what had happened ill mentioned r igion. the whole truth about mentioned events lias its line timased signiftcance for process of recoil 'illation becaus tile e tabl! ""new of pea ie and reconcilialion between nationalities in Bosnia and HeJ'7c tovina i pas ible only H iih re. peel 0/ just; e.

5

6. This repor is the first ill Iine until makitu: the /intd report ,.efen·il1,~ case Srebreni a that has been inflow.

7.. For crimes that had been committed ill period ]992 - } 995 whose victims were mostly civilians of Serbs .Iuutmlaliry,. exist .trutl!ful il!fbnnation ai>o.ulwllo ,w~,.e the victims and who were the perpetrators. U is nonsense that 1)(!}pctralOrs uf those crime are still free today. ewm 011 1993 lllcIuU i'l.{ornuuion. with names Qf victims audpcrpetratori) \vas delivered to the General As:umlbly DfUN and (0 Security Counse], {{'1W! miss 10 show aU crimes ttuu had been committed then if outd not have been reached the whole .m,a!t abou: what had haPl)(med. Abol~t crimes that are being a: sumed ttuu rftey had been eommltted since 11111 July 1995 stilt doe nor exist the lull information ,vilit names of victims, the ~vay how the» had Sl~tj,er, th« time when they had :I'I.UIe,. as well as il~formalioa abota direct perpetrators uf (;. rim e. 11,e. e il~fonnall(}n are exactty IVIUIl Bureau of Govemtnent of R 'pulJU 0/ Srpska for relation with Internationalad hoc Trf/).!UI.al.fol' War Crimes wam to discover

Jleport IIbOll1 {Jlm! SrebrelliC(l (the (iT,' p1lrt)

Contents

The current situation of Srebrenlca: Despair of erbs 9

Depressive History of Serbs in Srebrenlcar 11

Er)lTI the majorily to the m.inQrity

Nasi's Handzar Division" and Srebreniea I J

AUJa Izetbegovic and Srebrenlca 11

Srebrenica area: Strategic Importance for Muslims 13

Creation of Cordon (Geographical . nlel' of Islam)

Mutual Fear 13

Start of EUmic Cleansing of' Stlrhs 14

Ethnic Cleansiln.g of S~rbs 15

Reliance on Serb' Supply ane! Clean ing of Serb:

Cruelty of violent ethnic cleansing 15

Absence of Bosnian Serb Forces 17

Large Territorial Gain and Limltatlon 18

Safe Area 19'

Srebrcnica as .. temporal"v !la. »1' luslim tlUack

Involment of 19

Normal War En.gagcmcllt 22

F~ll1l of Sr,ebrel1i1cu 23

Chaotic Muslim Soldier); .

. AUegedMnss~\cre27 -I-Ieeh'lg Inuslim Soldiers

-Muslims that were Imn,Jerf_eel h~ u.

~St1mmary Execution ror Personal Rcvange

- Summary ExeclIl ion of Muslim Soldiers Who Were Cnpl.urcd in Fleei nil Ihr()Ugh Woods

-M:i.s in!! List

-Erdemovlc

Consequence of AUegll:!d Srebrenlea Massacre and Collectlve Responsibility of Serbs 35 -ReapRearance 01' Muslim War Crirninlll"in 'IQ98

-Quasi·P'l'OLCC(I'ate ,of Republic of Srnsk

-ColllcClivc .1~csponsIhilit" of Serbs

Role of internationa! media's 39

Facsimile of Top-secret Bosuian Muslim Army document 49

IRee Lis' 4",r .MissilJg pers OJiIS -Example of llUIII:Jipulati.flus 57

Testimonies of survivors S9

Rl!:POUT OF TtrR SECRF:rARY·GENERALPURS ANT TO ec RITY COtJNCU.RhSOLUTJON 10190995) ON VIOL'TJONS OFm'N1'.ll!RNATmNl\L Hi l'Il/\Nn. ARJAl"l! .LA \1\r IN TIm ,!\REAS (no' SREURl!.!. rc ,ZEr., BAN.JA L KA ~\J'm SI\NSKJ MOST 77

Il'nc 'imile of doeument of Uosnhlll Muslha J\I'IU~' (B riA) 79

DECLARATIO 8l

Phut.u·docnmcntation 83

Report about Cas'£ Srebreuicu (tile first 1Illl'Il

Summary

The current situation of Srebrenicar Despair of Serbs

The town of Srebrenica, which is located at the emil of the entity l r Bosnian S rbs or Rcpubli 01' Srp ka in Bosnia, has the population of approximntely 20 thousands now. Eighty p rcCUI. of In ' current population i lnternally Displaced Persons (lDPs) particularly Ir III arajevo in Bosnia lind rcfug es mostly from Krajina in Croatia. Although almost three year' hav pas ed 'incl.: the end of d war in Bosnia, no sign to restore Srebreniea can be seen, Water is till limited in supply, and n.ol. 'uirablc 1'01' drink. Broken windows and doors make pcopl shivering in winter. The school buildings in ih elementary school have disgusting stench of damaged toilets. There ar almost no ec 11 mit II tivities to hire (he population [0 sustain the life although this ar 'U i r i h ill land and mineral, such as lend and zinc, Under these circumstances refuge' or IDPs have 10 endure the lowe L level of the livina conditions and most of them are left al ne without any mean, of inc m . The local rep nl , arn xl tha the rare of suicide: and sudden death among (he refugee. and lDPswa' high in Sr ebrenica ,II' ,,2 [ ssibly because of the combination of despair and malnutrition. Th report continued t 'ay thar til year r 1996 paniculady saw the high nile of moria lily of [he refugees and mrs in Ih(: 'U"I,m, citi Ilg (he d <HI'!' of more.than ] 50 IPDs :il1 Braumac, a relatively large town in th area,

Aid, which ha recently begun to tr.i kle down into Republic of Srpska due to its apr; r'II1 willingness 10 cooperate with Wel tern countries, carefully avoids Srebr ni a area 110t In make it a beneficiary. The reason is the atlcacd massacre of Muslim, ill Srebrenica in 1995. Fur the count!'; ill~islillg [hal III bad guys Serb" carried OUI cruel ethni <:J. ansina of poor Muslims in Srebrenica ar n Ih' emoti nul COil cience is .0 c nvincing that they do not WHItI 10 hurt Muslims by rewarding arbs, no mauer he w many r fugees and IDPs ar living in Srcbrcnica area. In general, however, emotion i. often shaped by temporary hy teria and. bia sed or un uflrrned infor:mution. C! nscience driven by cmoti )I), tim, , tend: to be deceived fairucs .. Th ca. eof 'ulleged Srebreniea Jl1a~s.ucr,e"is not an exception.

Ma. II Mirada u Bratunacu" Revija 2. May 2, 1 ~!)7, Bcog 'ad

'l~1l this, pap r, 'rcbrcnica area means old Srebrenica county which coy I' rnujor t WIl' such as Brarunnc Srebrenic. and Skelani,

9

Report a/mill case S,.(!lmmiclI (the firsllJarl)

Depressive History of Serbs in Srebrenica:

From the ma.jori[vlO the minority

Srebrenica has a sad history for Serbs particularly during 'World War H, and their sorrow i: 1 ,ne 'led in the number of Serbs population in Srebrenica. Before the WorJd WHr £1, Serbs account '(1 for 50.6'Y and Muslims for 49.4% of the total population, or 36,000. ill Srebrenica area. How vcr, b ~ ausc of the atrocities of German Nazi' s collaborators against Serbs in the mea during Ihe war and it. resultant low growth of the population afterwards, the ratio of Serbs to the t ( J population, or 80.000. dropp d to 35.6% and the ratio of Muslims increased to 61.9% in 1991 according to the censu: of the former republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina (BH).

Nazi's "ss Handzar Di.vision"and Srebreniea

Nazi collaborators in BH. which belonged to Independent 'Iute of Croatia. or a puppet tare of Fascist Germany, were called "ss Handzar Division' of 'stu ha. Tile Division wa: 'slablish d in February 1943, by the order of Hitler and with th blesslnz of Jerusalem Mufti, Hitler' . clo e <ISS ci: l . ill order to Iight against Tito' s partisans, The role of "SS H ndzar Di vision" was I c.mdicUI erb .• and it COl' isted of 20,000 soldiers, mainly MuslimsJ. The techniqu S of' ,I rror that it us d were ~IPI ,,11- inSly crud, being inherited Irom Turk' in the period of Ouoman Empire". According 10 F'lon~lJlin Manuc15, the most usual techniques were raping women, removing eyes andcurtiu t ·slit:1. '8 falive men, and the action of "ss Handzar" was more like an armed band than a military lIUi16. It is said that their cruelty was such that even G rrnan SS officers accused a ti ns of (hose P pi? '.. renica area was under he direct assault or thi "ss Handzar Divi 'ion" durin: World War 11.

AIija Izetbegovic (President of' Bosnian Muslim .) and Srebrenica

In the history of Srebrenica, Alija Jzetbcgovic, the CUITcnr Presi lent of Bosnia and Iler .eg villa, i' the person who connects the present and rh.e World War H. During the World War 11. he was it 1.)'1'I;n actor for "ss Handzar Division' . He joined the organization "Young JI.·Jiuslims 'in Sarajevo on 'larch 5,1943 and was cngag da, a m mber of the crganization in cruiring young Muslims for "'"

:l Las LC2iones Musulmanas del Tercer Reich, Muanuel. Floret tin. Hi. oriu Y Vida .'Jo. 349. B(lr~cl )11:1. II ·'Ibid.

5 Ibid.

(-Ibid.

, Ibid.

II

Handzar Division" in cotlaborationwith Hiller' s imelliaencc service (ABWERand Gt:·Tt\PO). In

~-

1946, however, he was sentenced by rormerYug.~).'I::lV Supreme MiJi,I<1rj' Ct urt to three years of im-

prisonmem and two year's of deprivation of civi] rights, hecaus e of his fascist ucljvi,liess, Thi~ criminal record or lzetbegovic .v. published by Russian gazenc' Izve lija" dated 17 November or 199_.

"Islamic Declaration" "as another criminal record or 120 etbcgovic. ria ing shown hi!': fundamentolism or intolerance of other r ligions?" he was sentenc id to tw lve year' imprl: onrnent )' Suprem ourt of Bosnia OB March J4, 19H3. Howev 'r. in spit of the prohibition of it publication. "Islamic Declaration' was reprinted in 1990. Two years later, it ecmed lha. he began to r sum the activities of

'ss Handzar" ba cd on hili Islamic fundamenrali rrn partl ularly in Srebrcnica area, intentionally r unirucnticnally.

R R 'oistt!f f Military curt of • rrner Yugoslav rm_. Mus lim f Victims of CCI1Ud Ie. Beograd.

'/ In "Islainic i eclaration." inl(}lcr lIIC~ of other religionswa: hown in the foil wing scntencer'Thcre is no , "ICC :'111([ co-existence amung I. larnic 1\ ligion nnd '11011-1. lamic social and political in 'liluliC)Il,

12

[{eRnrl about en.Wl Srebreuicll (tile al'S( "ari)

Srebrenica area: Strategic Importance for Muslims

CrC<Hlon of Cordoll (Geographical Center Qr Ishlm)

According to Muslim National Council established on the eve of Bajram ([he end of February in 1992, the goal of all radical Muslims led by Jzetbegovlc Wal 10 create [he Islamic Slate withi the borders of BHw. The largest concern to achieve this goal was the geographical andethnical clo cncss b ,tween eastern Bosnia and Serbia in Yugoslavia. Taking into the consideration the fact that south eastern Bosnia already had demographic and I larnic connection to Sandzak and Kosovo in Serbia the crious problem lay in • north eastern Bosnia', where Srebrenica area stretched over. Therefor ,then; was an urgeol necessity to drawa cordon between Serbs ineastern Bosniaand Serbs lin Scrbia11,'nderthese circumstances, a huge numbel' of invitations to the gathering in Bratuna ' in Srebrenica area were distributed among Muslims throughout Bosnia at the beginning of ,1992, and the large galh 'ling was held in Bratunac on Ihe first day of Bajram the celebration to end Ramadan, in the pre nee or lzetbegovic, There, Bratunac was proclaimed 'Geogruphiccenrer 0(' 1uslim for the whol (form .r) Yugoslavia,' and to arm Muslims was openly declared.

Mutual Fear

III the middle of the radical T larnic and militant activities, however, the general Mu: lim citizens in Srebrenica area were afraid of this abrupt militant move in their area: in the same way that Serbs were frightened. As Besim lbisevic (Muslim), former President of Township Assembly" in rebrcnica, told a focal magazine in Sarajevo, the general Muslim citizens had shouted 'peace at any cost' in the big, crowded hall of culture club in Srebrenica in April 199213. People in Srebrenica, therefore, did n I allow Muslim extremists, such as Naser Oric and Zulfo Tursunovic, to enter the Srebrenica area at the beginning. According. to the confession of Naser himself he had 1.0 hide in forests I. gcther wiih hi fellows, and gel food secreuy". Behind the scene, however, rifle and u.oiJorms had ben already sent

III Political plasform of Muslim National Council snid Muslim National Council was cstublishcd co 'rclIt MU'Jim State 011 Balkan Peninsula, and that the creation or Muslim Stall: On Balkan Peninsula had been a dream of Mu - lim for centuries.

II De Groene Amsterdammcr. £\·farch ]3, J996. Holland.

12 Besim lbisevic had been President of Township Assembly of Srcbrcnica \lntil April 17. 1992. I. Njsam probjcgao. Nego am olicfl'lO. L.iiljan. Augu t 21,1996. Sarajevo,

I~ fspo rijest N'lsera Orlen (I); Pred(di p kvareno oruzjc. O.lobodjclljc. August 24·25 1996. Sarajevo.

13

10 ever)' township •. t::;::;e.:m1blyand SDA (or Mustlms ' )parli) .. Ioaddition .. Vox, raJi:i:cnl Nlt"Hm magazine ill Sarajevo, published (he name of Serbs Ito ht~ killed ill Srebrcuica iIO threat en Serbs under 111.c excuse of " .... I<lr Criminals' '01.'110 fO\.lght ru '!:ito' . partisuns against "s 1-1 a 11(1 Z::1r, . Only a lillie' provocative pLI 'n\ViiS necessary 1.0 dd ve people to ·onnicls.

AI 1.llc end of 199 L when Muslun National Council wa. on mhe las! staae to prepare insurgence ag.aillt th'" Former Yugoslavia, Izcibcgovic and his followers decided to depend on criminals' power, For Srebrcnica, they found Naser Oric and Zulfo Tursunovlc ali the !,!"SOIlS whom the)r could depend on. NasiJr, hom in Srebreniea .1I'Ca,. wa a policeman in Beograd in erbia, and worked ason ~ or the bodyguards of Milosevic, the current President or Yugoslavia, Howe er, when Ode wa tired Ior theft ill me end of 1991, Izerbegovic' s group picked him up, and appointed him as the Commander of Terrilorial Defense for Srebrculca, ~ile:lnwhi~e" Zulfb TUI"SlIllO,vi • wa. il;n the jail in Zcnica in 1991 becau. e he had killed three Muslim, in 1986. Although he did nor frnt h the service of J 5 y·ar-ilnpri. onmem, lxctobegovic ordered [he r elcssc of Zullo, nnd app inlet! him ~IS Deputy DOJlllnilllder· r 8 H Army in Srebrenica at the end of 199L Inihu beginning of 1992 Naser and Zulfo got together in rder t sneak into Sre br mica, They hid in rhe \ v ·00 Is. and succeeded W sneak into [rebrcnicu in Spring 19( 2.

Start of Ethnic Cleansing of Serbs

Mutual distnn tand feur between 'e:rb and fhlS11 m. were mounting high in 'r~hn~nic,1. Armed ill!·· lim gangs among which 'Ihe PilIl'io[ league was form. d In Vias nicu ncar Srebrenica area started rai - ins mutuul fear among people from April 1992)(', Serbs alread beean to be fired from ~( vcnuncnrs. pnlkc,. schools, he~lhhinsl'i.(uti()us! and business, A );Rmp of Mu: lim lQcals in til> dlsguisc of Arkan soldiers, a. erbian para-rnilitury bfOUP, carne 10 Srebrenicu area and raised the :ft:ar in ' uslim civili.ans"" . Theil, 011 M;lY S 1992. Judge Goran Zekic, President of SDS Bosniun Serbs' poluicul P':lI'1Y) 1.11 S!' breniea area and Bosnian Serb represcntativ ofSrcbrcnica to HI-:!! Parliament was ambushed ani killed. A mass xodus of Serbs from Srebreuica to\VI1 to Bnuunuc started immcdi:ltely'R.

IS Ni flm prohi,cgao .. ego sam uti ran. tjiljllll.. All"~lsI21> 1996, Sarakvo 1(, I)c Groene ,,'\.Il1Sl ·nhtmmcr. March I. , 1996. Holland;

1'1 Hal.1 Ibi 'lwi • (l9;\I),'l Muslim wumall \vho fled rrol'll Srebreniea 10 Saraj \'0011 July 1'1}95, s:11:c1 eo Ii1C ::mth I' in Sarajevo Oil Ianuary J I this, • car, "This military "roup con usied of local Muslims illlhe disgui.e of r!<llil Imops.

is There arc several e ·plumuions on Ihi" pe iod. However. aU of them havec ntradietiens. One; r I.h..: ···umpl~ !my a I'ollnws; rorll1cJ' Yugcstuv Army had shelled Mlllsli.m villag.c,;. Zekic was lruppcd in I.hl:: lighti,"g and killed ill hi' fighling. Eventually, 101:<111 Mu,lims were strong enough to will. HavIII.g realized Ihe strcngth of Muslims, Serbs in Srcbren ica su fledrl flee. (Fir. l of ~II, there is JlO r'1CI that former . lIsosla\' Army showed up around Srebrealca, Secondly. il\ v ould have been irrational if Serb:; I fld foughL a~;linl';l Mudims in Srebronlca

14

Rtwort about case Srebrell.ictl (tile fir~'/ pat1)

Ethnic Cleansing of Serbs

Reliance on Serbs' SuppJ,y .ancl Cleansing of Serbs

According 1.0 Sefer Halilovic former Chief of Staf]' of DB Army. Muslim" s military strategy for Srebrenica area was the total dependence on the Serbs' supplies and properues'". He continued to. ay

"The only source of our supply was chetnik' s (Serbs' ) tores and tbeir production." !~I 11) ihcr words. it was nothing more than the robbery of bandit groups .. Muslim started their ·atllt against the smallest Serbian hamlets and then against the villages where Serbs arc minority. Afrer. ... ards th ) targeted Serbs villages surrounded by Muslim villages. Finally, I!.uge Serb ill'ages were targeted. On May 6, 1992, jUS[ two days before Zekic W;.IS killed. small hamlets, Bljeceva and Gnlona, had he en alread}' robbed and burnt asa sign indic!):ting what: would happen from now 011. On Moy 7 .. CYC.rI rbs who tried LO escape from Srebrenica were ambushed and killed. On May 15 the village, of Viogor, Orahovica, Kama, Civevci, and Radossevi were attacked. In this way, from May 1992 to Jan I 94, as many as 192 villages were robbed and burnt21, During the period. 8.000 Serbian houses had b 'en assaulted, and 5400 houses were completely demolished into rubble. 22.. The number or the killed w re more than 1,000. including women, children. and the clclerIY.:lnd 90'* or those W I" killed purricularly during the first six months from May 1992 in sphe of the fact that 1)1 st of [hem wert: civilian. ?

Cruelty of violent ethnic cleansing

The wild cruelty of Muslim soldiers in Srebreniea area W~IS very similar [0 file techniques of "SS Handzar" ill the: period of World Wa.r n. Rather than using bullet: • Muslin'! . oldiers 1I cd dull obj . '1 ' all weapons and gradually killed Serbs. mostly ci v Hiuns, by mutilating, taking off an eye. ca trating, crucifying, or burning. The traces of the torture were so visible 011 corpses [hal most of th autopsy pr04;e5S was videotaped and photographed by Serb doctors who conducted aut p, y24. Meanwhile. th top Muslim commander in Srebrenlca, Naser Oric, who orchc urared [he attack. together \ ith Zulfo Tursunovic, also videotaped the scene as trophies of war. Washingt n Post dated P: bruary 16, 1994

'wh ne many Serbs were stil] living, Ifit were the case, what Mllslim5 wouhl do should he totaxe Serbs 1\:"; hostages in Srebrenicu.)

I' LlIk;\Va Srrqtegija. Halilovic. Serer. 1997. Sarajevo, 2G Ibid. P34 I 1-7.

21 Hronika Naseg .roblin. lvanisevic. Milivoje, 1993. Bratunac, Dc Groene til Icrdarl]mcr. March 13. 1996. Holland.

-~ Hrorikn scg GmbHa, Ivanis vi . Milivoje, 1993. Braiunac

Ibid.

2,1111C videotapes and photos belong to ·oml1li. ion of Legal '~xPCI1S to Republic of . nska.

l5

said: "BUTnl Serb nou es headless Serb men, their bodies crumpled in a pad!clic heap" Z)' was 011 H videocnsseue rape. III the arricle, Naser said, "We had to use cold weupoll. that night' and explained as scene of dead IT] sn sliced by knive roll over IlL 2l~-ilnc;h Sny?(· ,1'1..1'> l'VIu, Em ldiersdid nor carry \J1is kind of tapes with them ill fleeing, Bureauof Republic of Srpska Government 1:01' r slations with leTY kept most of them a. evidences.

Documents which Muslim otdiers did not have time to take. with them in fleeing Srebrenica revealed hidem.ls crimes commiued tmdcr the orderof Naser One, On ofthe Muslim force roponof No. O()-08f95 explained about [he deuihof a Serb, Milko Markovic, who remained in Ole W\Vl1 0'1' Srebrenica even aft:e.r the death of Judge Zekic, as follows; "Mi.:lko Markovic was arrested, and delivered [0 .~is. Mis maltreated him, stung him by knife" and cut his throar, HOWI.!VCI',. because ~'nlko was slill alive, ' ~is brought Milko to a. small! stream, uud tortured him again .. As Mil ko 10SI consciousne, ,Mi$ awoke Milko by pouring water on him. Then M:i. burned hlmalive." 11 i' said [hal Mi' is living in Tuzla now willilotltt .un)' troubles. There were some Serbs who received an illogical notice on the <I6a:Ul of their families from Musliml} eurhonrie . For instance the daughter of Riidmran Mlaril1kovk received the death notice or her rather through rCRC (Iuteruational Committee of Reel Cross) on September 24, L992. The notice with. the Signature of Zullo Tursunovic said that her l'aU1Cl'\l;'aS killed as a Serb suI· die): in Iron; of his hous e .. Howev r, her father wa: 10 old in fact to be a soldi . r, and jl[ is\\'eird for any soldier 10 carY)' our mi I. it a !"}' actions in front of his house.

II is n mystery why the intemalionalrnediomnls.ocictyhardlypaid.l11·uli.oll 1<"1 this savage behaviour although a 'eric or attacks were soevident rhar even it local l\'lnslilR citizen':!J explained iLO the author \!"ilhoUl any hesitarlon .. More strangely, Prof, Chord' ,Bassiouni.· haaman of the Commission of sxpens, avoided to mendon the MlIslims' attacks on Srebrenica in Final Repores• aud 'ubmiucd it to Security Council !hWl1g~1 Secretary-General OIl May 27. 1994.,. It sh uld be noted [hat Drazcmir Djokic,. then Yugoslav Charge d~ affaires 10 UN, tmd submitted the criminal report an 1 relevantevidences on the Muslims' attacks on Srebrenica to General Assembly of 'CCllf.ily ouncil in June 93 .. and that th Dr, Stankovic, a world-famous doctor uf forensic medicine who hadimp] ment d most nf the auiopsie .. for rhe Serbs victim in Srebrcnica in 1993., had directly handed over III same reportasd

'lid 'nce. to Bas, ioun]. As the report became a basis for the indictments or war criminals ill the territory of fonner Yugoslavia later those cri rninals evaded aceu ations, find they are still Jree to do any-

13 Wcapnn.. ash .md Chao l,cnd Clout to Srebronica's Tough Gu~ Pomfret, jolm. Wm;hillgton 1'0'[' ;. bruary 16, 1.994. \1./" hinglcm. IJC

16 [bid.

21 Schra IlJisevic. a M.lIs'lim 11 fUll: who has been living in Sarajevo alter necil'lg Srebrenica in July 1995, CX.,Iained to the alllh,or in the interview on JUIIUHI)' 311.1998 in Sarnje\·o.

~ ma'lllc· (Itt of (he COlHmission of E,"'p.s.:oE.:f!, tabU, had PlII'.qmnt 10 S 'emily COUflc,;i.! H.c~olll!icm 780 (I \)92) 1ay 27, 1.994. Sfl994f674}

16

thing. TherespollsibUhy of Prof, Bassiouni is enormous if Ihey repeat: crimes of this kind particularly because he intentionally avoided accusing those crlmlnals,

Absence of Bosnian Serb Forces

From 1992 to January 1993, Bosnian Serb citizens In Srebrenica area were at. the mercy of Muslim forces .. Wlm.t Bosnian Serb citizens did was to defend themselves individually by the oldweapons Ihal they could find in the house, and wait. tbrthe Former Yugoslav Armytobelp lilern. However, it rtever came,

In. 1992, the Former Yugoslav Army (FYA) was in confu 'ion to see former Yugoslav republics receive the rc:cQS.Iliti.on of hldependellcc from interna[iomll society. Allhough PV A hadbeen in Bosnia since the birth ofthe FOrmer Yugoslavia, FYAwas suddenly Jeft alonein [he territory of (he enemy after the independence of Bosnia April 1992. One "Her another Musl.im! and' Croal soldiers deserted the Army. At ,the decision of' the withdrawal from Bosnia i!n .May 4 1992,FYA started towithdrawand completely withdrew from Bosnia by May 15. 1:992, leavlne Bosnian Serbs behind.

Meanwhile, Bosnian Ser'b citizens, acccunting more Ulan 30% of the Bosnian popslation, completely relled on thearrival of f'Y A .. Their trust ill FYA was so firm thm they couldn>t' (believe the withdrawal of :FYA. lin Q,ther words, they didn'[' understand the seriousness of the situation. pal1icll!larb incourreryside, Thus, they failed [0 organize self-defence in the absence of leadership .. In Srebrenica area. even after the killing of Judge Zekic, Bosnian Serb citizens jUS'[ waited for (he arrival of FY A wimout taking anyall-cut defence measures.

In order tofiU the absence of FYA" Republic of Srpska Army was set Ill) in ~May 12, 1992. Serb PYA soldiers of Bosnian origin joined Republ,ic of Srpska Army aftel' qaltring the job in FY A .. Bctngconcerned about Bosnian Serb citizens, PYA Ientile weapons for Republic of Srpska Army. However, 61. the formation of Republic of Srpska Army was not well-planned and make-shift innature due 10 the

udden withdrawal of PYA. Republic of Srpska Army was not able to take effective action in an organized way until the autumn of 1992. Evenafter the autumn. Republic of Srpska Army. being inferior in number to Muslim Army, had (0 narrow down the areain whichjheyceuld be torallycngagcd .. As Bosnian Serb civilians in western Bosnia were severely assaulted by Croat Army, Republic of Srpska Army focused on WCS[, and it could 1\0[ defend Bosnian Serb civilians ,ineas!l Bosnia.

It was january 70f 199'3 when Bosnian Serb citizen« finally realized that they had to organize themselves to defend, 'D.rinlil. Corps' was created in Srebrcnica area under the direction of Mladizic. Having looked at fire on their houses, Severa] Serbs of Bosnian origin joined 'Drina Corp' afterqultling ;.y A' ..' Drina Corps,' which was stationed in Serbia, Howev 'r, FY A' s Drina : orr s I

17

nev I' moved La Srebrenica area and never directed their v capons aL Srebrcnica area across Drina Riv r from Serbia.

Serb paramilitary forces wen; not .in Srebrenica from the beginning of (he \)";11" to the end ofthewar although there arc some r 'P rl! on S b. paramilitary fore s in Srebrenicu. A. cording I. til' 1 'port of UN29 for example. "Drina Wol 1;." Sesclj Militia, Specialn: Policia, White Eagles. Ark. n Tioers and Krujina Serbs" W£I said 10 b :se,en in {be area. However 'Sc'dj Militia" WeI ,I regular unit f R publi . of rpska Army as Karadzic prohibited p.trarnilihry g"OUP nod rder d them (II the end of 1992 10 join the regular R public of Srp ka Armyin order 10 put them LInder control. "Drina 'l;V J " va: the name f:it regular unit. of Republic of Srpxka from I'll beginning. Til re were no

"Specialna Policia' exce] l Military Police of'R public ofSrpskn, "\Vhi.te Eagles' .comprising of

only about SO members, never approached to eastern 130. nia, N ither did "ArkanTigers." "Krajiaa

" erb ' did not have any ene .. gy to defend places other (han Krajina in Croatia .

.

Large Territorial Gain and Limitation

By pursuing the savuse policy or fighting, Muslim force. acquir d a" much <1. lJ5% or Srebrenica areu by the end of' December I 992J(). Sefcr Halilovic b ustcd of the expansion I f th t rrirory i11 hi. book, sayinu that Sr brenk a . and Zepa had b 'com an unreali sed dream 1'01' aliv and dead chernikx (Serbs) in spring 199331, However, serious problems I egan to change the course or th ' war from the spring of 1993. The most imponanr problem was lack of food, H(wing faced the vast territory ,'It:>[clling 70 mite. (upprox.I !3km)) from the vi I lage of Zcpa in (he S uth to Kamenica inrue nonh by the md of January 199 .. , . Ilu slims did not have any more Serb village' In attack in 0 'd 'J" I I obtain food.~2 A hug amount of food thai Musli m forces had tak 'n from S rbs was consum ~d lip by the end of (11 .pring in 1 93, and the shortage f food became evident The sc and problem WH. the en ilr lemont of Srcbr nica, Geographically, Srehrenica town had l n urround d by villas s th'U had the relatively larze .rh populati HI. ince III I\~u. !lm. drive 1 mop up erbs wa initiated fr m the inside of Sr 'brcnic~l town, S .rbs were simply pushed outwards and Muslims were OI'OWI1 clo: er imo the cant r in ex hange, Thcrefc rC,::u(hou<Jh [11e ncircled I rritory of Muslims grew and expand d outward. file

1.

pril 15. 1994. 1.011(1011.:-;: ,zirovic.:J MusIna Bosna, H has been in rebreuicn lor

Report a/lOut case Srehrell;c(I (the firsf par/)

position of Muslims remained unchanged. being encircled by Serbs. ThB last problem as the start of the offensives of Bosnian Serb forces. As Drina corp. of Republic of Srpska Army was eventually created in January 199333, more effective and systematic straregy began 10 be impl!?;1l1eJIII.ed. Muslim forces were required to take SOme urgent measures.

Safe Area

Srebrenica as {\ temporary base of Muslim attack

Under the plan of Muslim leaders, Muslims" territories in Srebrenicu, Zepaand Gorazdc v re supposed to grow endlessly until the three areas would merge into a huge chunk connecting c ntral and north eastern Bosnia and create a huge cordon between Muslim state and Serbia in Yugoslavia, When Muslims' territory in Srebrenica area hi! the ceiling of expansion however, this plan collapsed, and therole ofSrebrenica changed .. Now, they werejust like j. olaied islands in the enemy' s sea, waiting for she control of the enemy. However, they could be temporary bases for Muslim forces to auuck Serbs until the enclaves would come into the hands of Bosnian Serb forces. Particularly, (he location of Srebrcnica was besr suited (0 break the Bo nian Serhs ' vital supply route (Saraje '0- lasenicaMilici-Konjevic Polje -Zvornik) for Sarajevo. Therefore. while knowing that no enclave call lu I long. Muslim leaders wanted [0 keep srebrenica as the base as long ~:) p ssible. Later Oil September 22, 1994 Izetbegovic admitted to a senior UN officlal that Srebrenica W<lS 'Indefensible.' J4

Involvement of' UN

\-Vhat Muslim leaders came up with a device to prolong the life of Srebrenica wa . to us their owncivilians and UN [0 their advantage. Having known that international organizations would brin relief supplies to the civilians, Muslim leaders have decided tQ keep civilians in the enclave in order that Muslim forces could obtain food and other supplies. In fact, at the end of November in 1992, UNH 'R already dispatched (he convoy of relief supplies to Muslims in Srebrenica area.l5 partly because 'rebrcnica area became an enclave encircled by Serbs who had been actually pushed outward by .Iluslim forces of Srcbrenica and partly because the shortage of food became a serious problem. Being helped

)] Lukav. Slrategija" Halllovic, Serer. Saraje o. 1997,

l4 SJ'cbrcnic;lj Record or A Wjl)' Crime. Honig. Jan. (Willcrn), Both, Norbcr. Penguin Book, J996

.~ In those day the offen ive of Muslirn forces in Srebrenica area wa fierce, For example, ill Octob T 19 _. Serbian vjllages, such as Fakovici and Boljevic, were assaulted severely by Muslim forces of Srchrcnica. A' a result. seven women and nine elderly men were killed.

19

bylillis relief SlIPI)U,es, Muslim force, of Srebrenica launched large-scale attack' on Serbs villages along the Drina River) such as Loznlea, Bijdo\la.c. and Slkiric, two weekslat c~(\

A number of .. videnccs that belonu to Commisi ion of Le.gal Experts to Republic of Srpska easily prove that Muslim forces considered civlliansas a magnet LO auract li·eli·ef food from international 01"ganiz~lIions .. One of the proofs is demonstration 'o~· cntzeus. A large group of civilian complained about LOO small rations of wbeat flour, and PI'OLcSI:cd againstthe Muslim euthorities of Srebrenica on May 21 ,. 1993:~7allhough 'NHCR had scat wh 'at ftour more than rile required amount A. Mtllim woman [hat spent years in ttl .. enclave of Srebrenica "Isn complained in the author' s interview" Ihal a half of thevehicles carrying bumenitariau aid had be 11 usually empty.Meanwhllc, 1iI)!:Un MU:->l a flic, a founder of SDA (Musfim' s polhlcal party) of Srebreniea unci repr senratlve to Muslim BH ParliatneuI.expluincd about the abandaocc of supplies as follows: "1£ wa ralways possible to buy at the m<lJkcl. anything one might have wanted. Baldly anYlhing W<lS J~lckil1lg. stin the only source of' good'

I ., id sl , I . I I d I I S' h ' ·]~·I d

was iumamtanun at. since not a sing e ccmmercra COI\VOY·.1il ever rcac let re remca, . n orcee

10 solve the problem, Intcraarional aid agenci s suggeswd thai the refugee.') . hoeld elect their own rcf'~ resematlve for UlC distribution of food. However, the man elected wa .kin'd the day after llisel c·

, ·1Il A·· D· -I I . ··1' . I . 'I;.' b . D .I I·' ." NO' ·11

uon. - <. ute 1 'DaltaLon 'aK m . .Ire rernca: _(,ccnru or a war crnne ,I II. or ··nc .. , top com-

mender in. Srebl·ellic<t.~lIld his fellows Stl ah as Zulfo Tursunovic and Haklju M eholjlc, were nmhing more than gangsters who took mas! of !~elief supplies from rfugee ])opliialion fol' hi . p rsonal profit4~.

HUI1!l<IIl shield wasthe oth r way of lIsing ·ivili~II1S., Wncn UN decided roevacuate 15.000 people ill the end of M'lfCh and all.hc beginning of April in 1993, the Muslim commanderswere furious about the idea, by in..;;'sling that U - operatlon was tantamountto • ethnic c:Ieansing' and de 'ided rhar the convoy shoukl nor be allowed to come in Tuzla, Iuslim territory, Later hOWCVCI', dlCM.lIsiim com-

!(:. In UijeJuv;:lc atone, !lIC death loll of Serbiancivilians umoumedio as many as 106. The assault of December 14 on Ilijd.<:wilCWmi.. video-a corded by a Yugoslav Cili1.Clrl who Jived in Yugoslavia across Drina River, :1:11 ;Ihe video. ihrecold Sorhian women were rowing a hom on Drina III [lee Bijelovuc under the Illcavy rain of bullets,

31 '1u linll Police documents that now hclol~£: (0 Commissh n of'Legal Bxpens 10 Rcpliblicof Srpska showed the Ham's of demons Ira tor- and their complaint·, on Ihe food ulloearion, '111C (knnomaralioil v II hcl!d 011 -lay 21. 1993 in front of the pyr building lhul acccmrncdatcs UNPR0FOR.

is . 'duil lbisevic, a Muslim refugee who hasbeenlivlug in Sarajevo :ll'tcr fleeing Srebl'Cnica in JUlly 1995, ex~:ljn d In the nuih r ill til i nlC~ lew I.) J,II1U<I1)' 31, 1998 i 11 Sarajevo,

Pr idenc~' and Army Command S<lcrilllc..::cl Srerenica. Slobodna Susna. July 14. 199('·, Samjcvo,

_)IJ Srcbrenlca: Re 'ord of A \\r'nr Crtm '. Hontg. Jan. (Wlllcllll. Both. Norber . .l 133,. Pt'!uguln Book, l 96.

L II is said thai N;.I:-;~r Oric assas: inated 19 ri\'~dls jill Srebrenlca according 1.0 the: article Sqcdod vide Da Liudi Naser;) Orca: S!lojc 17 .... 1 19 Atenrata U Srcbrenici of Lji 1.i.HI. lAtJg.USl 7. 1996. San~c\'o.)

·u Sl'cb~ 'lliG~J: RCC(}I~d of A W;'lr Cnme, H( Ilig. J:'I.1. (\i\'illcm),. Both .. orber. P'I33. Penguin Book. 19Y6.

2()

RepurJ alulll' case Srcln'e'licll (rile {ir,~l part}

manders privately confided to Q reponer of Independent the teal reason: Serbs coul 11\Ol launch all allout auacks as long as civilians and refugees were Ihere"J .. Iuslirn fore ' attitude toward their own civilians or refugees was merciless particularly when Srebrenica was about (0 fall tinder Bosnian Serb forces in July 1995. During the night of July 10 and 11, 1995, people Slarlcd leaving Srebrcnica town and headed for Potocari because of [he combat. UNPROFOR decided to help transfer tho. e people [0 Potocari. However, Muslim soldier and Mayor of Srebrenica turned those people back" .fhinkina that civilians would become shield from Bo nian Serb forces and hoping for the direct involvement of UN who was supposed to protect civilians.

When Muslim leaders were looking for a more effective device to prolong the lif of' Srebrcuica, the international society gave tile most idea! scheme for Muslim leadc . partly out f the egoistic national interests and partly out of (he emotional outrage against Bosnian Serbs offensive called 'aggression" and "ethnic cleansina" ,. The scheme which lnternational society offer d was thr halr-hearl d SCI-UP of "Safe Area" • a product of each country' s compromi .. The most terribl compromise was Paragraph 5 of UN Security Council Resolution 836. which. Bowed 130 niau for cs LO stay in

f Safe Area" together with civilhms4S, Moreover, ahhough 'Sure Area" was 'lIPPO, cd LO (1<;-

militarised UNPROFOR were asked not to pursue the dcrnilitari: ation so activ "Iy""', Imm dial ly after signing the agreement of cease-fire and demilirarisation of Srebrenica and Zepa witl1 MJadi Supr'm military commander of Republic of Srpska), Halilovic (Supreme military commander f Muslim Bosnian Army), sent the order to both enclaves Ibnt weapons should not be delivered" .. He .xpluined (0. Naser Ode that Muslim forces should hand over only unu able <11'11154 • In Ihis way, UN.whi h was supposed to be all impartial institution, allowed Muslim forces: [0. stay with civilians, attack S irbs I m the enclave and secure food under the protection of UNPROFOR., It was the be. I environments for Muslim forces that wanted to. break the Bosnian Serbs' vital supply line miller than [0 expand the 11- clave and it was the worst environment for Muslim citizens who did not want t, be I rapped in the combats. lbran Mustafic criticized this strategy of Muslim government later, <lying Ih'll Ill' person who had i sued the order should bring hi family 1.0 Srebrenicn bcfor the implementation.

perati lIS. T

dj ·njc.. AU!),lI (24·25 19<J(i. llraj.t:vn,

21

Normal W ar Engagement

'Jheconditlons !thal were !lCI by C. r SC allowed Muslim forces in Srcbrenica enclave to db virluaU>, anything .. Under the Muslim Command Unit of 8tl1 Openuive Group, 28th Division, consi, ... tlng of' 280., 281, 282. 283. 284, etc., launched the attackson Serbs villaaes thathad been already attacked during 1992 ~U1d 1993. Most of' the attacks were terroristic nctlon by a ~mall group of soldiers. More than 500 Serbs were kiUed by the nUa.cklbnn "Safe Area" "Ild the cruelty of killings wer the same as before,It). Dutch baualion later described this anack as fellows. "Operations were relatively unpredietable becau e (he uillil~ were almost 1;)"liltlO'I.It [mining and rather non-disciplined. Mushrn forces made

. systematlc as. aults from til renclavevand afterwards they used towithdrew 10 (he territory under the proteetion of UN." so rr i. needless 1.0 say U -PROFOR a wen as ci.vilian were' used as 11lI~m1'l1 shields.

Military . upplies were sufficient in "Safe Ar a," so [hm there were almost no problem to continue rhe> offensive, The huge documents which Muslim forces left in Srcbrenica delineate ea 'II delivery of ammunition, military uniforlll , boots, computer eqaipment, office cqL1iplTIent.cigal'. U , CLe. '''urthermerc, even rlflOIPY amonming to 308,850 Df. )l were tran (erred to Na.er Orie. uccordlng to the document from Commander Colonel Avdo Paliic (dated feb 14. 1'995).ilorc surprl .ingly. Musltm force. used evell hehcopters between Headqaurlers and Srebrenica or Zella51. A series of documents whi.ch were exchanged with iHeadqllflrcurs reccrdedthe helicopter accid 'Hit 'of 7 M.ty 1995 at Igri nil<: between Zq)O and Srcbrenica, infcrming 11 death' and 9 il~illries.52 Taking ,If) advantage or virtually free traffic ,·S secretly had comraunication equipment flcwn to Tuzla, whichwouldenable Nh.l"lim forces 10 coordmatc offen 'Ive operattons between largel' unils:>·1_ Thanks to those conditions of "Safe Area" . Muslim force: regained 'rtile power enough to attack Bo ninu Serbs' vl1al supply route, beino well coordinated with other units, Even onemonth before the 1':111 of Srebrenica, Muslim forces in

"Safe Area" were planning 10 break the roadcommanicauon around VIa senlcain cooperaticn wi:lh. the lmils or 2nd CO"I)!:.-i 11 Sarajevo,"

~g Dr, Stankovic, a forensic doctor in the former Yugos lav Army, implcmclI(c.d the imlops), .. ill) I. keeps the de'tailed results, such as photos, ror the vicsims.

~I DUlch battalion's Dcbl'i;fing.

51 Halilovic I~ilnself at 0 said shnt he had sent ciglu heticopters full or ammanitinns and WC.lpOIl. ill hi:;. hook ukavH Sll'Utcgia. (P 109. 1997. Sarujl.:vo)

.l Dceumem, frnl1\ COI'!1mandcr Colonel Avdo Pulie: (!VI lJ, lim) in Zepa to Kakanj Headquarters and •. i:l,CI' Oric ~Muslim).

-' 'rebrenit:a: Heoord of A W:tr Crim .... Honi.g. Jan. (Wilh::m), U(Jith .. orber, P 144-145. Pell.g;LIil~ Buck. 1!996

Sol Order rl' III [\flajo.r R'lmiz Bceirovic .. Representing 'oll1mnnder,. Chief of Headquarters of 28111 Di ision 10 280. 281. 282, 2 . 284 285 ~md 2:8 BH a military sc ret, dared 20 I Jun t 995.

22

Report abOHI case S,.ehnmica (ll1e nr.~l part)

Meanwhile operation of Republic of Srpska force of Bosnian 'erbs were generally directed LO keep the status quo and to protect Bosnian Serbs population in rebreuica area from (he attack of .[u. lim

forcesi 1 I - < S f' A . ,,5S -. II luf I' I "S· f \" .. I di S

orees III 11e cncta e. 0]' . ate . .rca.. As a , a'.ILk un enciavcs 01: .3 e Area IIlC :1I . Ulg re-

brenicawere less important for Serbs, territory wise, Republic or Srpska forces did not care vcry much

about the enclaves ~IS long a: Muslim forces refrained from attacking Serbs village and (he Serbs'

vital supply rome. Moreover, Bo nian Serb forces did not have enough soldiers 10 take over SI'e- . brenica nlthough they had more heavy weapons which would become ineffective in the mountainous landscape f Srebrenica, Therefore. even when Muslim force of Srebrenica faced food crisis in spring 1993 the t\VO Bosnian Serb politicalleaders Karadzic and Milo evic, were adamant that there was no intention to take Srehrenica.s6 Although Mia He had nOI b en ill good terms with Karadzic in tho. c. day by his qua i- coup d' tat. against Karadzio, he al 0 answered 1.0 Kareemarr' s qu 'lion Oil July 21 1995, after the fall of Srebrenica, rhal he would not have thought about attacking the enclaves if Muslim soldiers in ., S'II~ Area," such a Srebrenica, GOI~azde .• md Zepahad been completely disarmed~;. 111 addition, on the fall or Srebrenica, Mladic showed his indifference to th territory itself by a. king r pre ntatives of Muslim r -fugees and civilians in Srebrenica whether they would like to stay irl Srebrcnica Or go to Muslim territories or foreian cr unifies. What Bosnian Serb forces wanted fr m Muslim forces was to slop [I C t1. suults aaain 'I erhian .iviliare and their vital upply route,

Fall of Srebrenica Ch~lolic Muslim Soldiel's:

When Srebrcnica began to rail into the hands of Serb from July 6, J995 .. Muslim forces in Srcbrenica were hysterical. bcina in confusion and chaos. Having seen DUlCh Battalion or NPRorOR wid}· drawina, Muslim forces together with three citizen hot a . blue helmet, Sergeant Vall Rensccn [0 death on July . S On the arne day, some Muslim oldicrs threw grenade at Dutch Battali n, demanding the Dutch to go towards Bosnian Serb forces and 11gh1.59 On July 9 Muslim soldi rs wit did nol allow Dutch to withdraw held another Dutch bauali n 1"01' overnight 00, On July 10, Muslim troop' threatened a Dutch captain with ami-lank weapons not 10 move although the Dutch captain wanted 1.0 move in order to target Bosnian Serb force rn rc directly'". On July 11., Dutch: ldcr saw mutual fi ,111 i ng in various places between Muslim soldiers \.'1110 wanted to surrender und Musli 111 . oldiers who

moor. P95. PeFlgui[1 Book, 1996,

..:3

wanted to continue to fightCi2• On July 12, several Detch soldiers saw a man hang himself iill factory cemplexopposlte of the Dutch base in PotocarL6:l

NcgotiationW.ith Muslinl Civilians &. "Refugees in Srehrenica Enclave

At the fall of Srcbrenica, M[adic negotiated wilh Karremans •. Dutch commander, and three repl'esenta~ lives of Muslim civ.ilIans and refugees three Urnes. Based on the decision of the three representatives including a woman, Mladic organized theevacuation of people,andaskoo for the help of the IIb:_rec represennuives to carry out (he evacuation smoothly. What he repeatedlytold them was to ask soldiers to give up weapons within 24 hours. He said thar Muslirn soldiers, including soldiers not in uniform and even war criminals, would be I rca red according Ito Ute Geneva. Convention if they hand over their weapons, Thatnever happened mostly because of the fact that the Illest of Muslimwarrlors carried on handsthe blood of Serbianvlctims in period 199:2 - 1995. so in fear of revenge and in hope that they would still remain unpunished, decided to make military brake t10 territory under control ofso - called At.my of Bosnia; and Herz.eg,ovina towards Tuzla,

Muslim Soldi.ers Who Did Not Surre:l1del'

The conclusion of this negotiation must have been a. nightmare for Muslim forces that were in confusion .. Most of Ilhe:soldiers were occupied Wiilh the worst scenario in which Bosnian Serb forces would executeall men .. L'Her, some of the Muslim soldi'crsw'ho had fled admitted, in various magazines, that Ihe reason they bad decided [0 nee was due (0 this worst scenario." Besides, .. Muslim hard liners' pressure was m.ouuling so high thalt soldiers that had decided to surrender had 10 expect some assauhs from 'their own fellows6S .• At the night of July 10, the Muslim soldierswho had decided not to surrender started fleeing, According to Dutch Battallorva group, of some 300 soldiers of Muslim forces disappeared in moving toward fhe westcl6 On the nwghl of Jldy l1-12, beeween 10,000 and 1.5 .. 000 ,men,who had converged onthe men of Jaglici and Stlsujari, went in the forests to reach Tuzla or Kludaflj.67 Mehmdin Mesanovlc said .in [he tocal magazine of Sarajevo 'that brigade gathered ill Bl.Iljim on July 1 I started into woods by platoon and plawon:6l:i Although 110 confirmedfigures areavailable.jt is esti-

62 Dillen BaLhllion', Debriefing

Ibid. 5.19.

,64 Niko !laS nikad n:istp, nije p'itao.Rnhmal1ovic. Faidu .. SVijer. No. 94. Feb. 22,1998. Snra.ievo. M Dutch ,13atlnlicm's Debriefing.

(.:; Dutch B flIUI lion "s Debrieflne.

67 SrelJl'ianica: Record 01" A War Crinlc. Hcnig, Jan, (Willlem)., Both Norhcr. PIn. Peng:uin Book. 1996. (,A .iko na lilikud l~iSla nije piLao. Svijer, No .. 94 .. Feb. 22, 1998. Snfaje,lo

24

R-eporllibolll CQse Srcfmmi£a (lire firNt parI)

mated that 10,000·] S,ooD Musli III • oldiers had left Srebrenica through woods according LO the Report of [he Sccrctary-General'" and other accolm£s'o.

M.usUnl Who Suuendered

Approximately 25,OOO!1 out of 40,000 Muslims;! uc,ciucd to surrender and gathered in Potocari, According to Dutch banuliun73, the majority of people were women, children, .• and the elderly, and Ithe Ini!li'la_ry capable men acccunted for ooly 2% to 3%,. Bosnian Serb forces; scp.ar!ued them into" group of women, children, and Ihe elderly and <II gl'OUI) of military capable men. The purpose of this separa .. [ion was two-fold: 1(1' catch Muslj'ffi soldiers as many as possibleaswarpnscners in order to exchange ihem fur Sc!!'osi:mprisoned by Mustiru Army particularly in Sar.ajevo.,. and to screen om Muslimswho had comrniued hideous crimes against Serbian cirizens. particularly in 1992 and 1993. Being free from allegationof military engsgement a group of women. children" and il.he elderly were directlytransIcrred to KladlU1J a Mu lim territory. On the other hand a group of men, amounting toabout 500 m 750"1 (or 2%-3% of 25,000) were tran8fel~I'ecllO Bratunac, where Ilhey were screened for the check of war crimes, and were grouped into. three; (I) a group of men who did not have any cdmina[ records, (2)' a group of men who were requlred (.0 go through farther ch ck for war crimes; (3) a group of men who were determined [0 be war criminals.

As for (I), Bosnian Serb forcesconsidered Up men of this group as civilians but not as prisoners of war. Thus, they were transferred from BraI.UlCl<\C to Kl.adanj, a. Muslinl territory, on July .14. immediatcly oflcr the criminal screening. The fact. that [he men in lhis group di.d. no! become the targets for the exchange of prisoners was noreworthy because Ihe men in tlu group might have foughl as soldiers. III

4j\lJ3.:rumrt of tile Sccmlarv-Gcflcral ,pur,~uanl Iv ,sct:tJlril), CQtmcB RcsollUtiOll 1019 (1995) on vj,olQli:ol1s of i:nlcrna-. ti.Qnal hum:.mil3rian ("win lhe m'easofSrclJrenic:l,. ZC[)H, Banja Luka andSalt~ki M.osr.(Sn995/988) November 27.1995

711 Naser: Oric said in the lmcrvlew with Oslobmljcnje Ihnt 12,.000 of mi!l.irary Cal)able persons hegan (0 flee, Na.er Oric' s confession: AI111S OUl of order de:livered. Knmenlca Edina Oslobodjcnje .. Augusl 24-25, 1996. Sarnjcvo.

H &1')0" oi':!hc SccrCI3I')'-Gcl1crull PurSU<1IH LO SccutJ1iv . Otmc.ill Rcsol:lllioll 10.19(995)0111 violations oJ in[emali.onal 'hlllfl:lllil:lri:m law in Ihe area 01' Srebrenica, Zera. Bania Lukn aliI.! San ski Mos!. (S/19951988) November 27. 1995

Te Hmol)v of l.ielltenanl-' '01: mel Thoma Kurremans all"'ty 011 Jul'\'4, il998

n Rcporl·oflhe Secretary- Jeneral Pursuunllo Securi.ly Council RcsolullulIl 019 (1995) 011 violatiollls ufillll.emllliJm;lI humanifarianlaw ill the areas or Srebrcuica. ~pa! Danja I.uka:-Uld Snnski Mos!. (SIl9!J51988) November 27.1995

Dutch bairalion D~~brieftl1g

n Te li 1110n>' of Lleutenanr-Colonel Thomas Karremans al lCTY on Jul;,y' 4. 1'998

1~ Vtlrllli<:(Cn Srebrenica f}oinncn in omlog,_ Aigeme n Dagblad, . ovcmber I, I, 1995. Holland.

25

fact, a Muslim man that had been released as a civilian on this lime in Branmac disappointed Bosnian Serb forces Inter when he was caught as a prisoner of war on the front. I'ine near Sarajevo 15, The number of Muslim men in this group is csrlmaicd (0 be [Ifound 500 because six buses and four trucks <Ire saidto be used to transJ,orc them16•

The Muslim men in the remaining two groups became prisoners of war. according to their war actlvities. As fOJ (2), the group was transferred from the prison of Bratunac to the prison of Baskovic, As 1'01' (3),. the grouewas sent froln the prison of Bratunae 10 the prison of Zvornik, The number of Muslim men ill these two groups isestimated to be less than 250 in total because the number of InCR in all three groups totaled 500 to 750, and the group (I) consisted of approximately 500 men, When TeRe vislted ell three prisons in Brarunac, Batkovicand Zvomik aflerw3Tds'l1, ii.registered l64 persons fTOIn Srebreniea al. the prison of Batkovlc on July 26, 1995'S, and noted 193 persons from Srebrenica in total by November 1995'1'J, Later, the majority ofthe Musfim war prisoners ill these groups seems to have beenexchanged for (he Serbian war prisoners via IeRe, 0110 of the example is lbran IVIustafi:c, a founder of the ruling Muslim party (SDA) in Srebrenica and Srebrenica representative 10 Muslim ParHamentS(), He was exchanged for a Serb imprisoned by Muslim l\,rmySI after having spent nine months in the prison in Batkovic although MusrafIc was om tile: list of Well" criminals of Bosnian Serb sideS2, Unfortunately, the number of the persoflS who were exchanged from. rhe group (2) and (3) 1. unknown due to tile confidentiality of ICRC documents .. Yet. taking into consideration the fact that about 500 out of 750 men gathering in Potocari were transferred to Kladan] uuccnditionally, theremaining 250 must have been very precious war prisoners for Bosnian Serb I'orees,

'5 The record is kept in the Ministry of the lnteriorln Republic of Srpska and rhe copy is jill the local potice stalion in Srebremce.

16 Srebrellica: Record of .A. War erllne. HOllig. Jan. (Willem)., Both Norber, P61. Pellguill Book, I 996,

"TIle records of ICRC' s visits have been kepI by Ministry of she Inrenor in Republic of Srps.ta, The persons registered includes the persons captured during llceing. Srcbrenica as well as d1C persons that did [lot belong to !lIe groups (2) and (3

.8 l~epOrLQf rite Secrel<U'y-General Sublnined PUr:5uani To Seclll'itv Council Rcsolmi.on I OJ U (1'995) (8/19951755) August 30, 1995.

79 RepQrt oLflte SeCJ'Siti![\,·Genergl PUI:£uanL to Security Council Resolution 10.19(995) on Violations of hilernational (iunKlilitariall Law ill' lhe Areas of Srcbrcni.ca. Zcpa,. Danja Luka and S~ll1ski . 1 pst. 7. 27 Neveruber 1995

80 Presldenc.y and Amw CO.mmalld Sacrit'i.ced ~I'eb'ellica. Siobodna BOSilfi. July 14.1996, Sarajevo, Kl Ibid.

n Srebrenica: Rccol'd of ,IJ.. War Cri:me. ~iOI~iS, Jan .. (Willern) .. 13olh Norber. P58.l'ctlglJim Bonk. 1.996. 26

RepOrt (ibn'" cru;e Srclmmica (the fir,~t part)

Other than tht: above thre groups .• here was a gr up of 88 wounded persons'". As for the vacuation of thi~ ar up,} R ' said 111m' 65 or Ih'l11 were. tran: Ierred [0 Muslim tcrrltorles 011 July 17 and 1884• Although 23 remained. ICRC not sd ~hdr identities to trac them <}, war PI-i. one aflcrwardss .. A . ICRC' s check of identitier '''')!lId secure the lives of the noted person', almost all wounded per. O.1lS are considered to be exchaneed for erbian war pri: on rs later, Other than leRe rep rt. thcr were two accounts lhat contradic each other: the statement of Icdicina San. Frontiers86 and the . tat unent of Dutch battalion 7. Taking iuto con id ration that the. tarement of i Icdicina an Frontiers was ats incon iistent with JeRe J' .port and rh.u the still mciu was uiven by the local that Mcdi ina Sans Fronti rs employed from the en lave, (heir, tatcm 111 should n [ e tak 11 seriously,

Alleged Massacre Fleci,nl.! Muslim Soldiers

It j aid that the dreadful rnassacr f Muslims oc urrcd til the r'lU of 'rdw(!n;ca, Parti ularly, Muslim soldiers who decided 10 flee through wood instead f surrcnd 'ring are ~<1idIO be. executed by B snian

erb forces as ifth y had been hunting rabbits. H weve ,Itwo Irnporcaru fact were ignor d in this under. randi ng: those soldiers were rUTyiUI! weapon. in , pi I • of Mia lie ' S r pcatcd \: arning, and (here were ferocious lightino between lito' JIuslim soldi rs und Bo. nian 'erb soldier .. A. all Muslim soldit\rs headed for Mu.~'lim terrirories, Tuzlu Of Kladan], througl woods, they had to 'ro~s " ads that cut off the \ v 00«$ vertically from n (11"1! • outh in SOUl' [loilnts, • L1Ch as 13 IIljim , Karneni .a Kravica, Pohudjc. Nova Kasavu, Bajkovica, Crni Vrh.andlhelinc from KOH~evic Poljc to .. Iilicj8&, The 011'11- bat. were very intense in Ih', • pl aces, According ( a !vlu. Jim survivor, Bosnian S .rbtorces were waiting along the path which. 'Itl lim soldier had t cross, and did not dare [0 walk lnlo the wo ds ), As Eo mian Serb forces were carrying anti-aircraft wcap 11', what. th y ha I LO do \~ <1. ju, I I,C) wait and shoot at massive Muslim ldiers coming nul or the wo Is if they do not oh y lh ami1g' , urrcn-

ust _ ·2 -. 1996. 'a-

raj o.

<I'! Ki '011:1. nikad 11 i},I~1 '11 ije pilao. Svijct, l 0. 94. F b, 22. J 9~!:I .. ,mj \'0,

27

der(l(i. Yet, Bosnian Serb forces 1051 [he fight at several pl<lCCS, such as Baljkovica, Krizevac, esc, and suffered the J~05S or 300 - 500 soldiers because Bosnian Serb oldiers, being inferlor in number'l, could not fight w.ith hundreds or thousands of Musl.im soldiers: that crossedroads at a !i'lfne even by heavy ar[iUeJY. Among the loss of Bosnian Serb forces, there were ,quite ~l fewelite soldier ., and localnewspupers of Serbia often carried sad srorles of those soldiers together wlth their photos in those da)'s'-'2. Taklng into consideration the huge loss of Bosnian Serb forces under the favorable conditions for ~hem<Jl, it can be estimated UH1( Muslim forces must have ufJcrcd the loss of nearly 2: 000 soldiers from milibury persp ictlves .. However, il. must be noted that this combat might. look mass killings tothe ye of frightened Muslim soldiers althougl; they carried weapons and Shot at Bosnien Serb soldier); ran-

d I '.14 .. am.)' ,

There are some accounts [hat said that no combats occurred \rirllually9s. The reason rOt theseaccounts was that Ihe women ill the buses headtng for KI.adullj did not see fighling!l6. However, lladic Lold General Smi!lh,. em July 19. that he had opened the corridor toward Tuzla for Muslim.oldiers who Imd left [he enclave around Juty 10 and II. Thus, 130 nian Serb forces did 110t put up serious opposition". Under these eonditions, about 6,000 soldiers" were able to reach Zenica through woods, according tu UNHCR.' S aI11l0UIJ1Ce')!). As Halilovie confirmed proudly ill his book, hence. Ule 2R'Ih Division 01' Muslim Army ill: Srebrenica had bceneecrganized, ccnsisnng of 6,000 soldicl~,) that had broke the line of Bosnian Serb fO[1cesll>!l. Therefore, duringthe daytime of July 12 and 13. when aU buses passed by. there had not been serious combars yet Otherwise, the buses could not have PHS ed. However .. during nights, when Musli.nl soldiers were moving .. there were combats. Mos.' of' (he Joc~11 pathways became Will' sites as well as some places on the main roads that {he buses look'rhe;;rcCorc, there lIlUS[ have been shooting sounds, which Dutch soldiers heard particularly during nights, and there must have been dead bodies scatteredaround the roads as the women in the: buses saw during daytime .. Accordingly,

90 Ibid,

\1'1 Srebren:ica: Recm'd 01" A WOlf Crime. Homg, Jan. (\-Villem)., Both. Norbert. Penguin nook .. P9. ~ 996. on M .23 w3ssIcPIled by ti.~e. lll1d \\I'IF. Rcvija (2 .. A'UgLtSIII, .1995. Beograd.

9) Ibid,

91 Ibid.

~Irl Srebrc[lica: Record of A War Clime. Honig. Jan. (WH.lem)., Both. Norbert P'cnguirl Book. P177. :1996.

!l1:Ilbid.

, SrebrenlCa: Record orA War Crime. Honig. J'IH •. (\Vll1'In)., Both. Norbert. Penguin Book, PSO. '1996.

tlO Feport ofTh.e S ·c.reta.1Y~Genra~ SubrnJUed Pursuant To SecLUitv COlUICU R,t!solutiOll 1010 (1995) (S/1995/755)August 30. 1995.

~ AIgel11een Dagblad. 11 November 19B5. Holland.

, ~ Lukava Strategiia. H.alUovic. Sefer, J 108 1 .... 'i7-PI09, 1997. Sar~Jevo. 28

Rep(m abuut caNe Srebrellica (tile firslllart)

what the women in the busc ' said was rational, and il was the evidence of the combat' Juring nights rather than the evidence of the eb once of tile combats,

In addition to the death tolls in the cOln'bat. there wer a number of Musl.im soldiers I. .... ho lost physical power to continue to nee. Dr. Iljjas Pilav, who succeeded this journey, said Ihat he noticed many drowned men " ... hell he crossed lh Jadar Rivel·WI• H added that there were mutual sh iotings becau .. c of illusion resulted from exhaus(ionl02, Another per 011 (lid that there tn\] '11m e been 1015- of people who lost lives after losing. !lSI'! of direction and going uuo a circle walklOl• After (he combats, a huge number of dead bodi were scattered around.

To walk for almosl20 day: in the urea which miulu be full of mines without alJ)' food and water under the fear f being SllOI from. UIl}' directions was such ~I trauma that Muslim soldiers em tim mixed reality with iII11sioJ'jsl!Oll, Having looked Ilt dcud bodies under (he psychological di turbance, soma Muslim soldiers could believe whal 1.lmy imagined. Th rclore, il is necessary to confirm witn .ss ' s accounts by site-Inspection. Otherwi: . enormously hideous srori s, such as 'Iiver-eatine 'lor}' shown in (he review of the indiclmcut against Karadzlc and Mladzi w uld drive: the general psychology LO a

witch-hunting' fl' nzy.

Muslims that Wfl'C t.nmsferr xl by bu~

As for the group of women, children, and the elderly, til }' were transferred to Khldanj., a Muslim terri. 'tory. by buses on July .12 and n, Accordiua to Musltm wO:l1lcnw~ lh,u were transferred from Srebrenicu by bus, the Serb bus driven: assured that they w uld protect the pas, engel'S and that nobody would to ell them, In fact, Ih ore ar almc st n names of women from Srebrcnscu in (he mi lng list f I RC.

A' for th group of men who were transferred to Kladan], several persons said that they W'H! transferred to Karakaj in Bosnian Serb territory in (cad of Klad.mj in Muslims territory although othirs appeared I be transferred directly 10 Kladan] with lui trouble . According rh Karakaj-mussacre witn ,C", men were crammed inlO a school. compl "and its adjacent sports hall in Karakajnnd thou-

I I Srebrcni' 'a: l{ecord 0.1' A War Crime. I-Ionlg. Jan. [WUlcrn) ... Both, Norber. P58. Penguin Book. 1996,

I ~ Ibid.

He d niSI nil' piUlO. Sv1JCL No. 94. [. b. 22, 1998. Sarajevo,

: Record orA War Crlml.. Honig, .Jan. (\Vm m). Both. Norb r. P58. P nguil1

author mel more than 10 women that were livin .. il~ Sarajevo as r ftlgc '. from Sre-

brenicu.

29

sands: of men were executed there .. However, according to the author' s site inspeclion,. there was only one schoot in Karakaj, which was supposed to accommodate Muslim men. However, it was 100 s.n:lall to accommodate them and it did not ll:lVe any sports halls, Moreover. therewere school records howing the presence of students da.y by day in July and in August In addition, when the author met two Muslim WOOlen that had been living, in Man Zvomik (in Serbin), only about l km away from the schoelacrossthe Drina River, they said that I[hey didn' 'I hear ony shooting sounds from IJ July af~ terwards although they livedwhhln the range th:n the soundscould reach, They just added that :rh y saw a long column of the buses, carrying many Muslims, Judging; from this . ite-inspectlon, and considering that. Mevludin Ode, one of the witnesses who allegedly sawmas sacr there, was II nephew of Naser Oric, Commander of Musliru forces h~ Srebrenica.ubc story of massacre in Karaka] is very skeptical.

Another dubious story is regarding (he whereabouts of one of' [he most important Muslim citizens for Bosnian Serb forces. Nesib Mandzic, a citizen that negotiated wilh 'Mladzi.c as a representatlvc of refugees together with two other dvilians, is said to be executed by Bosnian Serb forcesand listed as II person who disappeared on July 13. However he signed the pape,' with the other representatives '.0 confirm the safe completion of tile evacuurion 011 July 1 (). three days aner the alleged disappearanec. It can be ccnsideeed that he might be killed later by Muslim soldiers partly because hcwa. one of the persons lilal M!uslim Army must have hated due to the negotianon .. vith MJadzic and p~lr!!y because he was a. refugee. but not a cltizea of Srebrenica 1,0WI1 .

. Summa" E~ecutiou .~or PCI.·son1'l1 H:evenge

Considering that a number of Serbs were killed by .I\,hlslim neighbors in ~1 very cruel way in m992 and 1993, there mus! have been summary executions for the purpose of personal revenge .. ,I>\.ccording 10 De Groene Amsterdammer dated Marcil 13, 1996" Serbs Were SO tenseto seie ctwar cri mlnnls with :the lists and photos in (heir hands when they separated mi.liLary capable men from women and others, Therefore, very selective executlons could happen, Regarding the spots where executions took place. Inost cases must have been limited co Poroeari because a particular individual would rarel!)' se the r:ight person among l5,000 fleeing Muslim soldiers in places other than Pctccari. Moreover. any person thatbecame insane with revenge would usually kill his target on the. spot, i.e. Potocarl, rather than waiting for [he appropriate time: and place, Direct ini'ormali:on,. ueh as Dutch soldiers, was one of the examples of summary executions for personal revenge. For Instance, according LO a Dutch soldier, a Muslimwas pulled outof a crowdof refugee and horin Potocari om July .13, Another Dutch soldier saw 10 Mus'iim soldiers led by Bosl)ian Serb soldier .. , on July!2and 9 dead bodies were found around thearea where chey were seen Iast ill Potecari, Yet. If must be noted that just shooting ounds or collecting people in one Sp01 does not necessarily mean killings .IS shooting sound could be considered to be a threut ora warningand people eQuid be collected in a place for screening for war cranes,

30

Report abolll C(lst! Srebrellicll (tI,e Orxtparl)

The existence or M!adzic in Potocari can be con. idercd 1.0 discourage Serbs to take their wi ld revenge, laking into consideration the vengeful mind of thc i laiives of Serblan vietims Ihnt werernassacred in 1,992 and 1993. Several 0:1<1 Serb. whom the author mel. in January ofl998 said that. they personally saw how merciless. Mladzic whacked Serbs who tried to rob empty house '. Itwa said Ih, t Mludzic was too harsh and trier in eli 'c.iplinc to overlook any unlawful behaviors of hi. soldiers. Although these were [he tatements of Serb. , it must be rem mbcred that the exi tenet: of Mladzic does not neees sarily mean the sy tematic killings and could he the deierr nee 1Q revengeful killing , Of course, howev 'r, Mladzic, who failed to stop killing, P rfectly, would be responsible as a . upcrior, and those Serbs who directly cormniued the crimes. hould be punished aecordingly.

Surmnury Ex,ecutiull of Muslilln Soldiers Who ,~rerc Ca(>turcdl ill Fleeing through Woods

II i. nOI difJicult 10 di tinaul h Mu. lim soldiers (hat were ex .cuted after being captured from Muslim . ldiers that were killed in combat. The location of mas, grave. holds the key. Th two of the three exhumation sites that author visited on May L6 ill 1996. howcd good examples: Cancuri and Glodjan-

1<.0 brdo. 130Lh of them arc located in ttl fronr line urea il\ Karn nica.

ancuri is [he small villaec on the way from . rebrenica toward the north-e .. 1. r, th direction of Muslim territories. The masszrave in Cancan wa: situated along the two local road .. Behind III mass grave, six farni lie' were living at the time of exhumation. Boner w re mixed lip ... md til I arions or the bones were 1101. natural. Therefore, I TY, who was w()l'ki.ng on this mass grave presumed Ilmt. they wcse moved from somewhere 10 here ill order to hide. HOWe\.' r, the circumstances were. not 0 convincing, Firstly, (he ·It.e wa so elos to local roads loat ir \ a not un appropriate place to hide something. Secondly if a truck pick up dead bodi who were killed in combat for clean-up. the 1 cations of bones w r di, arranged anyw,p, Lastly, according 10 nCTY effie r, thi: site was. hown by Ill! of the US satellite photo: , which could b any graves not nece: sarily for. ummurily executed person ..

Ma'S grave. does not alway' mean ma s execution. A village man in Cancan area bcuau Co grumble to th nuth r about hls corn. a ing lhat hi. com n ld was stamped so bard by ma ive Muslims during nighrs (11m 111;;: could not harve E corn. According 10 him the combats had been so ferocioesthat bodies

f scldicrs kill d in the combats hads 'aU r d around the nreu, and the whole area bad smelled terribly a' it hac! been mare [han 30 deurees, A~ domestic ani mals had eaten some of lilt ernal orsans of dead hum. n bodies, villag 1'5 had I kill all of their d me ale animals, Imler these circurnstunc s someone had to I ick up the b lie to put into th ' ground for th ":I cc or h. gicnc.

On the oth I" hand. (he mas _ gra c in Glodjam k brdo wa; located deep in forests, It W(l. ihe : ite wh r someone want rd t. hi lc bodi ., Thi mas. gr v _ had be n once dug in 1993 by 00 .nian S rbs be 'lUSC it had contained vi .tims of Serbian civilian' killed in 1993. However, th exhumation work

31

had been suspended due 10 the fierce combats .. MOSI. of local newspapers had carried [he exhumation as top stories jill those day ,

Comparing the two Ites, it can be concluded Ihat ~he mass grave in it open space along a road in combat areas were created for hygiene rea 'Oll, for numerous soldiers killed in the combats. On the ther hand, mass graves deep in fore. ts are considered to be the ones which criminals wanted to hide, The exhumation site of lCTY i considered to be one of the example, of m'1SS uravcs created for hygiene reasons.

Missing List

tt is said that as many as 6,000 - 8.000 M.usHm men were executed by Bosnian Serb forces. However. this figur is evidently infrared, There are several factors thllt expand the actuat figure. irst faclor is the high ratio of Muslim women In military capable m n in a family. In general. Ihe average number of women are about 3 or 4, (he srandmother, the mother, the wife ~lI1d a sister in a Muslim family. usually consisting of more (han 8 members. On the other hand, the number of military capable m n is 1 or 2, rhc father if he is young nough and a brother i h i, ld enough. Therefore. i r one f t military capable men becomes missing. three women anxious about rhe fate of their beloved one would report to JeRe individually as a rnis iiru; person, The name could be ~Iightly changed because a nickname is sometimes more popular than tlh real name .. ThU • ihe number of mi 'sillg pCI. us would become two-fold. When the author visited Muslim WOl1'lCn that \ ere living i!11 Sarajevo HS refugees from Srebreaica, more than ten women clime in order '0 U k the autbor to find [he whereabouts of the 1\\10 men,

Another factor is the desp rate efforts of Muslim women from Srebrenica to support th ir live, . Havin ~ strived in Kladanj and Tuzla either by til bus vacuarion a{ (he fall r Srebrenica or by 'orne other means before the fall of Srebr nica, Muslim women brained Identity ard of a citizen of Klad nj or Tuzla. However. as they moved mo ly to Sarajevo. they got another Identity Curd of Sarajevo, Thus, the)' arc able to secure aidin Kladanj I Tuzla as well as aiel in Sarajevo. One of the Mu lim women fhat (.II author met in Sarajevo whispered secretly, saying [hal she had two Identity Cards to receive the aid twice.

ext facto" is the Intention of Muslim government to manipulate the election in Srebrcnica. Acco <ling to [he document compiled by the local S rbs in Srebrcnlca, about 3,500 Muslim name, r gi tered as voters in 1997 had not been lh per ons who used to liv in rebrenica, All 3,500 tH.1ll1CS Ihat the author saw in th sir leuer 0 rnplaim t S E were fernal nam s.Palsc registration gave the clc lion victory f Srebrenica to Muslim LlO film nt and gave aid [0 worn n registered falsely, All three factors also bee me the r asons who so many luslim women '<lid that their b loved ones had h en killed in Srebrcnica,

32

Rn1Url about case Sre/mmica ((he first earl)

Moreover, there were a number of narn without daje of birth in (he mi. sing list Thes name: amount as much as about ~.381 out of 6.,610 who became missing at til fall of Srebreuica, Since it is strange l11;)l't close relative lid 11 r know the birth dale of rheir belovedin rcgisterincllJ6, there must be

ome factor which tried [0 manipulate the figure of th vi tim ..

Another factor is effort of Muslim oldicrs 10 cone al their identity ill order 10 avoid the war criminal charge from Bo ulan Serb forces, They gave the false id I tif oc 10' "internalional organizations when they wanted to get out of Srebrcnica. and they gave heir I' ul Dam \\'11 on they arriv d at <l Muslim I rritor),. Thus, 1~11se identities remained in I he mis i net lit. In Srehrcnica, the author noticed [hal some of the names on grave Lones 'were id utical , .... ith til nam s in tli' missingIisr. PI10habl:)'., they usedthe name .. of their dead fnends or' relativ es,

According. to Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant 10 ec irity Council Res ilution WI 199-) on Violations of International Hurnanuarlan Law in (he I reus f rcbrenica, Zcpu, Banja Lukaand Sanski Most (27 November (995) ut of the irst tracing r Ill' .,. from Iarnili s, which amounted to 10,000. 2.000 were found duplicative, and 5;000 were round 10 be person, wh had I Ir (he enclave before the fall of Srehrcnica. Thu: the r maininu requests amounts to approximut lv ,000. lind leR re cnLly listed 3.290 a I r on. who became missing n the full of • reI renica. H wever, theauth )1' found that 180 tracing request: in the JeRe mi. si ng li. I W 'J'" al. 0 for the per: Oils wh ) had lefr thc endave before the fall of Srebrenica. Consequently . the numb .r of traclnu rcqucsts rc sults In 3.,1.10 mis ·in.g persons. - ~oreover, 195 out of thc.110 tracing requests wCJ"C found to I e f r the persons wh had been dead beforcth . fnll of Srebrenica r f' ir III • P rsoll. who had left the euciave earf 'r., accordll'if! to the investigation of the document which 'hi lin orce: I 't i.tl Srcbr nica, I shoulc 1 ° noted that thi: document is 45. 00 pag s Ion r and thaI only lcs: Ih:1II on . t 'nth of the do urn III hi! been checked by the Commission or I. 'gal Expert Co Repuhli of Srpska. Thus, more p 'J' 'I1S will be eliminated from the remaining 2,915 rra in!~ requests.

II' the number or invalid tracim r 'que. IS is found al this I' a 1.1..: by the further ch ck of the documem, th number f the valid tracinz requ ts iscxpe 'led to 1 . 2.000 - 2,500 m most v BlUUU)'. Out. of this numher. roughly 1.800 tuslirn : ol tiers are estimated to he killed during combats in ilc ·jug. judging from mihtary perspecti VCSt and probably aneth I' 100 P 'fSons. had died of phy .. cal xmdirions while 11 eill~. In midi tio 11. persons wh wcr given a. ylum in Yugo: lavia and other .oururie x ; ind per Jl~ wh 'am back di e much la(' either after hiding them 'elves for a 10110 time or after being changed as pris nen of war must be deleted fr m til' trucius n:qu '(s.lor over, Muslim eov rnm nl immediately transferred ab UI 6,OO() soldier who arrived at Zenica and Tuzla 10 aneth 'l" fr nt line in

ilion i. sued 11 15. 1.19 1 aid in it f 01 n re lhal all rh tdentiile: and dWl hnivcs of the 'ouglll pers ns.

3

Bosnia Wil'holilt giiving any access to their families1m. Their families of these 6,000 would request [eRe to trace them because Ule fl!lI'nilies did not know that their beloved ones had arrived, Thus, a: certain number of soldiers among those: 6,000 must be deleted from 1,IIe names of persons who became missing in Srebrenica. As a consequence, the remaining figurein I!he missing lisE would bethe nusnber of Muslim soldiers who wereexecuted by Bosnian Serb forces forper .. sonalrevenge or for silJnple ignorance ofthe lnternational law ... It woutd probably stand less than lOO.

Allhough Erdemovic Ca. Croar) appeared to be :!he only subsmnual evidence [or thealleged systematic ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Serb forces, iiI has not been well-known Ihat Yugoslav government submined him to ICTY after it had diagrmsed him as being menially sick. When be confessed iin Yugoslavia that he executed mote [han 70 Muslin}!) by ARC broadcast in MayJ996, Yugoslav police: immediately arrested him in order to investigate, However ~IS his tarement and behavio:r had many contradiclions. the doctors diagnosed him as mental disease. II , heutd be also noted thathe used 10 fight. us a member of Muslim force. thell as a member of Croatian forces, andfinally as Bo~nian Serb forces durilllg thew:arIO!! .• Thisinconsistency of his miHrary history raises fhe question of the adequacy to stand as a witness for mess execution, Unforumately, up (0 day nobody dsdn t checked out who is in fact. Mr.:Erdelllm;ic and his relations with illtelligentsctvi.ces, particularly Croatiao und Franceise.

101 8jgemcl.m lJ:agblad I: I NQvemb~r 191}S. lOll Record of thecoun of) ·o'li Sad,

34

ReMrl ahout Case Srt1lmmic(J (tire fir t part)

Consequence of' Alleged Srebrenlea Massacre and Collective Responsibility

or Serbs '.:

R~lJ)))e(:lrance of Muslim W'.lf Crimin~lls in 1998

In 1997, the local election was held in Srebrenica under the supervision of oseE. and Muslims won the election. According to the document compiled by the local Serbs in Srcbrcnicu, how ver, about 3500 'luslim names registered as v tcrs were MI th pcrs n who used to live in Srebrenica. AIthough the local Serbs filed the complaint, OSeE ignored. A' a r ult, the local Serbs decided not to recognize the legitimacy 01' the Assembly. Meallwhil. orne newlyelected 'lusHm assemblymen came to Srebrcnieuin 1991'1 in order LO attend the ass emoly underthe ,Ileavy protectioa of S.FOR. However local 'crbs immediately recognized one ofthe so-called elected Mushms by faceas a criminal that killed two women and a handicapped nan ina whe '!chair in Loznica vil.lage in 19 2. When the author visited Srebrenica, one of 10 al Serbs said to him ell' that he would not be able to live in Srebrcnica if the intcmatlonal society would bring back those criminal. TIle deputy chief or the local B snian Serb police, who had to cooperate with SFOR t protect the war criminal. , aid I IJ'h.! author' s Interpreter in :'I despair that his job was to arrest criminals and 10 protect general peopl . H added impassively that h might quit the job, Yet, there arc aim ,'1 no job in Srebr nica,

hl Tuzla, a Mus·'itn territory, there are troubles between Musfisns who enceescaped to Germany from Tll7.la during' the war and Muslims who started to live in Tuzla afler the war. According. to . HeR, (he current Mu 'lim resid nts do not allow their: fellow returnee: 10 come back to Tuzla. This. conflict may resu 11 from the ((Ill of Srebrenica. When Srebrenica ~ 11 in July 1995 ahou I 6,000 r the most

avage segment of Bo nian Army in Srebrenica took [he advantage of the corridor that Mladzlc op 'ned, and arrived at luzh;l'fI>, According to local rnecla in rhos day .• new comers fr III Srcbrenica were r ported to kill and beat up the original residents in order 10 take their hou res. A they are still free to do anything now, they would do anything in order t refu e their fellow Muslim r tumces from Germany .

In 1998,. it is said [il;lt user Oric is n win Kosovo as a mercenary, As he used to be a policeman in Belgrade, s vera I former ccllcagues recognized him. [(I addition, a Kosovo Albanian who \\',1. arrested as n fiaht r f UCK, Ko ov Liberation Ann}' confc , ed that Nn er Oric was ill Kosovo I zether with about 50 M uslim soldiers from rebr nica,

W9

35

Unlike international conftict", civil war often give. theopponenities that people like bandits will become main players, If you apply black andwhite picture Oil a civil war like the war in Bosnia, and overlook the crimes of (hose bandits. saying that {hey are victims, the troubles willi spillover and you may increase the sorrow of Ihe general public. U is completely clear [hal certaincircles cares that suffering of Serbs remained covered, so that ;tile same circles willidentiJy themselves in concert on OCC,4\sion of presenting of lntormauon compeled lilt this report,

Qussi~Protcctor3tc of Republic of Srpska

AIeged massacre of Muslims gave a dreadful. blow to Republic of Srpska, Itlost political and military leaders as ICTY indicted Karadzid and Mladic, and had to start building the entity without the leadership, Taking Ihe advantage of' the siCualiOI1, the international soclety have Filled the space, using SFOR.' s arrests US a whip" 011 one hand, and filli.lllCialaid as a card on the other.

Under the whip and the card, the political body began to disintegrate, and Republic or Srpska has become a quasi-protectorate ofsome foreign country. Dornestic judicial system was completely ignored, and a war criminal suspect, Drjeca was killed by SFOR by the "secret indictment" of ICTY the under the name of justice although he had hardly resisted unlike SFOR' s statement. People hns become very vulnerable, h~l\,jng been exposed LO the risk. of a sudden a:rr~ 1 fClI' dlC crimes thai they did not know. The air in Republic of Srpska became stifling among the ordinary ciliz.ens of Bosnian Serbs, When the electionwas held. fPC declined to release the election resulrs for more than two weeks under the name of democracy, The final result of ilhe election 1.11<1c, might be manipulated during this period have brought about war criminals as elected assembly men in Srebrenica, and other places, Being afraid of criminals' comeback to the neighbourhood, a certain portion of ordinary citizens of Bosnian Serbs have started to look for a life in miter countries. The fate of [he entity of Bosnian Serbs is dwindling and there is strongtendency (har thi entity might be turned off from two reason. We presents the main L.WO: l International community see solution of so -called "Islamic - fundamental issue' by composing three nations in one population under name Bo Ilia. and Herzegovina, where Serbs and Croats would be factol'of control for Moslems and 2. Intention of Islamic fundamentalist to po"li.cically - geography encircle B&H territory so they could with llSIS of "popalarion principle" to recompose B&H in. next Len years, It iswell known the growth ofpopulation in Moslem's furnilies, so if today' trend cOluinl1cs,. the number of Croats and Serbs will be drastically smaller and number of Muslems will be multiplied fur several limos and flnal result lscrcatlng of 8&1-1 under domination of just one nation simply bccaa e there will be no others.

36

}{cpllr( (lb(ml case rebre.llica (H,e (jrMpart)

ollcctivc Responsibilitv of Sc.rhs

Alleged Srebrenica mas SI.Cre hit Yugoslavia hard '.IS well a Republic of Sl'p. ka. As unconfirmed in· forma1ion 011 the massacre of Muslim soldiers in Sr brcnica crested It mon, irons image of bloodthirsty Serbs ru the collective body so firmly, ulrnosteveryrhing has been looked at [h. ugh {he filter of this image. Thus, in alma ,t very case, the 'cr S arejudged as Dill evil from th b ginnlng. For instance, in media reports on Ko iovo, the most frequent words [hat have been used arc S rbs cannot repeat (~W mal. acre or Bosnia" bared in the alleged Srebreni 'a massacre, This imprinting process <01 th formidable imaac might push Serbs onto an isolated c mer of the world for an unexpectec Iy tong period. Therefore, to clarify the alleged Srcbrenica mas: Here i. consid red to b on of the m sf urgent [a. k 10 save Serbs' fate,

37

Rep.ort about-ease Sf·elJr,I1Jdca (the (irsIO(lTt)

Role of mternational media's

It has been five years since the Bosnian Serb Army (.BSA) has retaken [he small town of Srebrenica-

The Economist, . .L5-21 July 1995 Call thac safe? " .... It Is not the first time that the Serbs have "liberated" Srebrenica .. In 1992 during (he first weeks of the Bosnian war, tlley also took the town butwere drlven out. Later! in blazing sunshine, Muslims and SCI'bs sat down in the middle of the road to hammer om a peace deal. The Serbs offered Srebrenica's Muslims autonomy within the Bosnian Serb republic, but that was rejected, Since (hell the war in eastern Bosnia has seen the most vicious fighting in the benighted republic ... "

- and i( is [he right time 10 give a historical retro pective of the events that have happened in the area during Bcsnia'scivil war,

How did it start? As every other civil war, with the killing of the neighbours, Two Bosnian Muslims, accused by [he Republica Srpska for the war crimes, Naser Oric (commander' or the Bosnian Muslim Army H B.MA - in Srebrenlca) and Hakija (Husein) Meholjic organized on

" -

May 18,1992 killingof the Bosnian Serb. GOI'an (Drago) Zekic, whos .. '.a:s. deputy in the 80.-

- -

nia-Hercegovina Assembly.

Shortl.y after, rheBMA,. led by Naser Orlc, Hakija (Huscin) Meholjic, Zulfo "Suceska" Tursunovic and Ak:if (Enez) Ustic have attacked a sCy,e.~al, Bosnian Serb villages 1.11 Srebrenica's area. The following Bosnian Serbs villages were burned and destroyed: 0 redak May 1992. Oparke June 101.,1992, Zagora July 05,1992, Zalezje July 12,. 1992 P.ajidand Hrahaa July 25. t 992) Brezani July 30, 1992, Fakovid October 1992, Kravice J anuary 07, 1993 (Christmas Day for the Orthodox. Bosnian Serbs),

Then the BSA strikes back and as the re ulr of that counter-offensive, on April 16 1993. the Security Council adopted Resolution 81:9. which designated the enclave around Srebrenicaa "safe heaven", Two days latter, rheBSA commander, Gen. Ratko Mladic, joined ihi BJ\iIA counterpart in agreeing £0 the demilitarization of Srebrenica,

The followingare !Uolallion from various source. and published article that will explain more in-depth how "demil itarized safearea of Srebrenica' acctualy was:

The Times, 14 July 1995 Muslim soldiers 'failed to defend town from Serbs' By Michael E,'ans •. Defence Correspondent: " ...... Srebrenica was officlt\Uy demi litarized Oil April 17, 1993 hut the government soldiers were not short or weapons. Before (he Serb advance on the town, the Muslims had been shelling Serb units along the main road to the south, The intelligence sources said it was that harassment which. precipitated the Serb attack on the I,SOD Muslim defenders inside the enclave ..... "

The Economist, 15~21 July 1995 Call thal S:.lfe?: .... "Safe" Srebreniea was supposed to be demilifarized but this did not stop Mr Oric's soldiers from raiding nearby Serb villages. A recent rald.cccurringsoonafter Ole collapse of [he heavy-weapons exclusion zone around Sar<ljevn, plus the slow gathering of the Vlest's reaction force, gave General Ratko Mladic, the Bosnian Serbcommander, [he reasons he needed for extracting the [horn of Srebrenica from [he Bosnian Serbs' eastern side. Bur Mr Oric escaped .... "

Nev .. ' York. Times News Service·()7~1l~95 203IEDT: ... "The commander of the Bosnian Serb army, Gen. Ratko Mladic, said in a leuer LO Gen. Rupert Smith .. the U.N. commander in Bosnia, that the Seebian offensive had been undertaken W "neLJlralize" what he called terrorists in Srebrenica, Mladic accused the United Nations of failing to demilitarize the so-c a illed safe area of Srebrenica. He said clvl lians and peacekeepers were nor endangered by Bosnian Serb military .Ilctivity .. The United Nations has confirmed that the Bosnian. govemrnem 1I ed the safe areas for staging atracks.. .... to

Associated Press JIllJy 11: " ..... Lt. Col. Gary Coward. a U.N, spokesman in Sarajevo, confirmed that Muslim-led government troop had used the "safe area" to make attackson Serbs sun~ounding the enclave, bm said the raids were not large-scale .... '·

Reuters ZAGREB. Croatia: " ... Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic said the Serbs seized rille enclave because: Moslem-led govemment troop were staging what he called "terrorist" at-

lacks out of the area ,

June 27, General Renko Mladic: " .... According [0· him, '''UNPROFOR did not carryout its main, task nor implement the agreements . igned by its generals, from Mormon 1[0 Rose. "The protected zones of Srebrenica, Zepa and Gorazde are not demilirarlzed, while Sarajevo, Tuzla find Bihae were: not: the subject. of talks between the warring sidesand they ar not defined 'is

protected z(mes " said 1Vlladic '"

40

Repol't about ,case Sr:e,[menica m'e first ruml

The foflowing are quotations from various sources and published. articles from theWestern press Chat will explain more in-depth how "demilitarized safearea of Srebrenica" acctualy was:

N.Y. Times News Service: GOVERNMENT TROOPS ATTACK BOSNIAN SERB VIL~ LAGE By STEPHEN KINZER 1995: VISN.JICA. Bosnia-Herzegovina Ina raid before dawn !lha.t again illastratedthe weakness of U.N. forces here, Bosnhmgovernment soldiersapparently slipped past U.N. posts on Monday and attacked t.hiiS isolated Bosnian Serb village, burning several houses, stealing: livestock, and leaving a dozen families homeless, a Bosnian Serb spokesman said. Although the assault had no great military significance, it reflected both the growing frustration of government troops and Ih.e inadequacy of U.N. peacekeepers who have pledged to prevem them from leaving supposedly dcmilaarized enclaves in eastern Bosnla, Vlsnjiea Is a miserable settlement. perched on a mouneainside a few miles from Srebreaica, one of the Muslim towns in eastern Bosnia which (he United Nations ha designated as demilzarized "protected areas:' But Monday's raid wasapptlrenUy launched by troops based inside Srebrenlca, leading Bosnian Serb offi.cers to denounce [he United Nations Ior failing to comply with its promise to keep [he town free of soldiers and. weapons. "There have been a number ofincidents like this in the last l5 to 20 days '" said Lt. Col. Milovan Milurinovic, chief spokesman for the Bosnian Serb army, "The Muslim soldiers who carried OUl this attack crossed lines patrolled by Dutch U.N. troops whose job it is to prevent. just this kindot action. We therefore conclude that the U.N .. forces are aligning themselves: with the Muslim army." Several of the impoverished farmers who live Ell Visnjiea said they had assumed they were safe here becaase of U.N. pledges .. "We thoughtthatno nne could attack us from. Srebrenica because the town was demilitarized and surrounded by U.N. soldiers," said 'Lju.bmn.ir Vukovic, 67, as he stood in the smoldering ruins of the house he shared with two other families. "But theycame from righr over that hill,' Vukcvlc pointed toward a peak separating his village from Sf brenlca .. AU.". " post there is supposed 11.0 Pl'CVCll'l soldiers from ipassing in either direction .... " .. Buras .Monday' . raid showed, theyare sHU able to strike fear intothe hearts of Serb villagers. Their goal may be to. terrorize these villagers into abandoning their homes. thus leaving formerly Serb area. uninhabited .... "

W!lll( kind of living Srebrenlca' Muslimcommander Oriewas providing: EO refugees in the "safe area" explain: the fo!lml,,dng::

"Globe and Mail" July 12, 1995: " The refugees in Srebrenica, most of them Muslim women

and children who fled into Srebremca ahead of a massive and brutal wave of Bo nian Serb

41

"ethnic cleansing" in eastern. Bosnia in tim speiag of 1993, have been desperate to leave the town ever since they an-i ved .. Instead, they have been forced ('0 remain by the local. Muslim warlord, Naser Oric, who drove around town In a Mercedes while the refugees sustained 'on meagre UN handout and were, occasionally. sold water by Srebrenica residents during [he brutally-hot summers.

Mr. One and. the Bosnian government. knew that if the majorityof refugees were allowed lo be truckedacross Serb-held territory to Tuzla or some other viable sanctuary, both the UN protection and any hope of holding IOn to the rernoie and surrounded enclave would be lost

The Srebrenica residems treated the refugees atrociously. When the refugees elected a repre-

sentarrveto present 'their demands to Oric, the represenearlvc was murdered within hours "

As seen so many times before ln Bosnia", civil war, the Bosnian Muslim led government had no scruples and did not hesitaie to usc (he refugees misery in order to gain "Inrernational support". At the same time a "courtesy" that BMA treated UN troops with - those very same troops thm .... vere feeding the "safe area" for almost three years - could be read in:

,

The Electronic Telegraph Tuesday II July 1995 World. ews: " .... Dutch UN peacekeepers formed a barrier of personnel carriers between advancing Serb HUlks and Muslinl soldiers defending the town. One of the personnel carriers rolled off the mad as it manoeuvred after Muslim forces opened up 'On it with a grenade and small arms. When another carrier tried to pun it back 0111 to the road, a Muslim oldier 'Of the Bo: nian army fired an anti-tank rocket at it but missed ... "

CHRIS HEDGES .1995 N,Y. 'rime. News Service; " .. .The captured observation posts came under tank fire, and a peacekeeper was shot dead the 67[11 '.0 be killed in theconflict by Bosnian government forces a the Dutch [mops retreated from the advancing Bosnian Serb forces ... "

Whatwas !:wing onm:nmlg the BMA defend rs inside the "safearea" please read from theartide published jn the Western pre s :

New York. Yimes, July 23. 19' S y' Jail Cowell: .. :'The Dutch accounts, by soldiers. officers and the Defence Minlster, were unanimous ill a .serting 'tl~lt the Be: nian Muslim soldiers who had been under siege i.n Srebrenica for three years abandoned the town aroun I two d{IY be-

42

Report about ca:H! Srehrellica (lire first lJart)

tore it fell. Before [he defenders left the town, General Couzy said, Dutch soldiers. aw: "in two locations there was fighting between those who wanted (0 SW)! and tho e who wanted to go,

Many Dutch soldiers said they had been upset and troubled by the ight of soldiers seeming to abandon their wives; and children to (he advancing Serb, ." ... How many of BMA soldiers actually have died from the "friendly fire" if will remain a. cret bur the victims arc certainly submitted by the Bosnian Muslim led government as "missing civilians killed by th Serbian aggres: ors' . The BSA did not u: e thou ands of troop a it was suggested by the PH. companies hired by the Bosnian Muslim led go ..... ernrnent. As a met r of fact. it \"'~IS published that:

The Times, 1.4 Julyl 995 Muslim soldier: 'failed to d fend town from Serbs" By Michael Evan • Defense Correspondent; " ... The Muslim defenders of rcbrenica put up only a brief fight against the Serbs, and their commanders left the night before the Serb tanks entered the town, according to Western intelligence sources y t relay.

The abandonment of Sr hrenica 10 a relatively mall erb advancing force cau cd urprise in [he West, especially after the largely Muslim government army had demon uuted considerable infantry skills in recent attacks. There were report: that up to 1,500 Serb were involved in the assault on Srebrcnica, butirrtelligenc sources e timated <l force of about 200 with live tanks carried out [he main. attack, "11 was a pretty low-level operation, bUI for cme rea, 011 which we can't understand the BiB (g vernment) soldier didn't put up much of a fight" one source said .... "

" .... However the advance into the town v as seen y intelligence asses: ors a, an PI rtunist move. "I don't think [he Serbs had predicted th timing of this operation." one source aid. The apparent decision by the Muslims to abandon the [own provided (he erbs with a udden opportunit to ccupy Sf bret i a, bypa 'sing the Dutch on (he road a mile outh of the lawn.

The intelligence source aiel: "The BiH just mea d away from Srebreuica and the senior officer left. the night befor .' Th source said the Mu lim del' nder were "adequately armed" for . treet-fighting .. .'

Loosing (d lib-rately?) he rcbr nica ench c rh B )f;nian Muslim led government, tarred to play the pre-arranged PR c: mpaign with innocent rcfuecc: from Srebrenica:

43

The Daily Telegraph, July 15. 1995.: "Muslims manipulate refugees' agony: ,,, .. The Bosnian government deliberately increased the suffering of the Muslim refugees flee.ing Srebrenica 1.0 put pressureon the irucrnatlonal communay according to the documents made available Ito the Daily Telegraph,

The papers include instructions to the United Nations from the govemment of Alija Izerbegovic in Sarajevo that the refugees must be taken in their thousand to a single lccanon rather t.han being spread around the numerous available centers.

The resu],ting television pictures and media reports of chaos amofl_gJ:lid workers overwhelmed when the refugeesarrived atthe UN base ill Tuzla were intended to bring about a decisive illtemational response ... "

Once again victims of the civilv ar 'iVC1'e paying (he price for the unspeakable crimes lha't. their - Bosnian Muslim - representatives were orchestrating. As so many limes before, killing (heir own people (bomb massacres in S;:u'f1jcvo),increus,ing the suffering of the innocent refugees ... nothing was .CC1'et. to Alija Izetbegovic and bis Islamic followers,

Then, in. order to put more pressure on the UN, Security Council, Inrernational Community, they (The Bosnian Muslim Government) came out with "the victims story", The amounts of "massacred" BMA soldiers were going from] ,000 til) (0 15,.00.0. Without considering the astonishing fact that. in the "demilirarized safe area" there were, cveral brigades of BMA troops, let's read [he following,

Reuters May 29, 1'996: " .... The six investigators art: searching for evidence to convict Bosnian Serbs involved in lhe rnassacn of at least 3.000 unarmed I\1~u lim nren from Srebrenlcaca U.N. declared "safe areaoverrun by the Serbs last July.

After two hours of digging with shovels, picks, rakes and hocs.Jnvc tigntors allowed reporters to approach [he site, where at least four corpses were found ..... n' (Mass graves and the proof of mass klllingsl)

The Times. August 02. 1'995 " Iissing enclave troop found" by Michae] Evans and Michael KuHcl1.bllch: " ... Thousands of the "IHissing Ho, nlan iVluslrm .'wj'd!ers from Srebrenica who have been at the centre of reports of po sible mass executions by the Serbs. are believed [0 be

afe to the' orthea t of Tuzta .

44

... For the first time yesterday, however, the Red Cl'OSS in Geneva. said it ;hem~d from source." in Bosnia. that lip to 2,000 Bosnian Government troops werein area north of Tuzla, They had made their way from Srebrenica "without their families being informed", a spokesman said, adding that it had not been possible to verify the reports because the Besnian Goveramcnt refused to allow the Red Crossintothe area,

Although the Red Cross refused to speculate why the Bosnian Government was keeping secret the presence of the Srebrenica troops near Tuzla. it probably is doing so for milltary reasons ... "

New York. Times, July 17, 1995 by Chris Hedges: SOIlIC 3.,000 - 4,000 Bosnian Muslims who were considered by United Nations officials to be missing after the fall of the Srebrenica encl ave have made their way through enemy line, to Bosnian Govenunent terri ~or)' .

The BMA troops were orderedto attack the northcm Hanks of the BSA positions and not to surrender to enemy .. It is morethat logical toexpect that the BS,A. troopswere figbt.ing back at BMAatlacks andwere nOI welcoming SMA soldiers with Ilowers, his rather r:idiculou. (0 expect one army to "greeting" the enemy firing on them with smiles and welcoming words .... :

Reuters, January 30, 1996: 1· Melvudin Mandzic, 22 released by '[he Bosnian Serbs on Sun-

day, told Reuters 110\"" he had fled the capture of the U.N. "safe area" of Srebrenica, where thousands of his comrades are believed to have been killed in ambushesand massacres then buried in mass graves.

Mandzie's epie escape took him. through the wooded hills of Northeast Bosnia, across Serbia where he was captured and sent back toa Bosnian Serb jai], and then finally to freedom in Sarajevo on Sunday, Pale smoking heavily, Mandzic recalled how commanders of the Muslimled Bosnian government army em July 11 ordered [heir 13,000 heavily-outgunned fighters in the area. to try to break through Serb forces doing in on. Srebrenica. ... ,"

At the several occasions UN Secretary General BOnIfoS Boutros-Ghall tried 1:0 present "charade" performed by theBosnian Mu lim led gevemment to UN Security Council. On May 30. 1995, Secretarygeneral writes (U.N, document S11995/444) that there never vas an enforcement concept behind the "safe area ., six towns surrounded by Serb-held territory, The Seenrity Council did not require the Bosnian Government LO withdraw its forces from the areas bui

45

muttered about how naughty it wotsld be. tocarry olltaUacks against them or from them. On page] 8 there is this passage from the Secretary General:

"In recent months" government forces have considerably increased their military activity in and around most safe areas, and many of them, including Sarajevo, Tuzla, and Bihae, have been incorporated into the broader military campaign of the government's side,'''The headquarters and logistics installations or the Fifth Corps of the government army are located in the town of Bihac and those of the second Corps in (he town of Tuzla, "The government also maintains a substantial number of troop .. in Srebrenica (in this case a violation of a demjl~tar.i~ zation agreement) Gorazdc and Zepa, while Sumjevo is the location of the General Command of the government army and other military Installation " There is also 3.11 ammunition f,ICtOI'Y in Gorazde. "The Bosnian Serb forces" reaction to offensives launched by the government army [Tom safe areas have generally been to respond against military rargetswithin those arMS, often at a dlsproporticnatelevel."

The Secretary General bealTilycdtici,zed some medlareports:

Calling Bosnia Crisis Overrated) U.N. Chief Focuses on Africa By BARBARA CROSSETTE: " ..... The internatronal PI·CSfi.,. he remarked in one of several. interviews on his trip, made the battle for Srebrensca sound "like Stalingrad."

"TIl ere lis a kind of dialectical relation between the ulttenilion ofa great power and the power of· the media," be said. "It creates a dlstortlon in our work. What [am trying 1.0 do" without great success, is 1.0 correct this distortion,"

Finally there were independent witnesses like UN Dutch UOOI)S. This iswhat rhey 'aid ahout "mass killings":

BBC Ceefax, 23 July 199523:59851": NO EVIDENCE OF MASS KIL' INGS:. DUTCH UN .. Durch UN peacekeepers ~n Srebremca when the enclave fell to Bosnian Serb troops, have said they saw the summary execution of leu Bosniao Musllms, But Dutch commander Lt-Co.J Ton Karremans said he and hi men had seen no evidence to corroborate reports from tlee.ing refuge s of mass kiHhlgS by Bosnian rb troops,

DIE WELT" 25.7.1995 By HELMUT HETZEL:" ..... NeUher Struik nor oth r Dutcb oldiers who were stationed in Srebrenica want 10 publicly confirm what minister of development-

46

help Jan Pronk and later the minister of defense Juris Voorhoeve claimed: That genocide happened in Srebrenlca ... "

The personal representative of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights was appointed to investig.ate what happened in Srebrenicaand Ihi. is what he said:

The Electronic Telegraph Monday 24 July [995: SERB ATROCITIES IN SREBRfNICA ARE NPROVED B,' Tim Butcher .hl Tuzla: After five days of inrcrvlews U1.C United Nations chid' investigator into alleged human rights abuses during tlu~ Iall of Srebrenica has not found any lill'sl-hand witnesses of atrocities .. "

..... The lack or dear evidence facing Hubert Wieland, personal representative of I. he UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, proved the near-impossibility of establishing what happened when the Serb. overran the Muslim enclave in a stern Bosnia. "Of course the whole ejection of a. civilian population is anenormous abuse of human rights,' MrWie:IDa.nd said yesterday. "13m we have 1101 found anyone who saw with their OWIl eyes anatrocity taking place,"

... MrWieland [ravelled to Tuzlu, the Bosnian cit)' where almost all of the Srcbrenica refugees were taken, with a team or investigators to gather evidence of human rights abuse .. ,

He said 'I'lis team had spoken to SCOres of Muslims at themain refugee camp at Tuzla airfield

and.at other collective 'CCIU,'C: but no first-hand witnesses had been found .

There is only one fact proven during the last two years after the Srebreniea . tory, The "massacre'tin Srehreuica was just another masterpiece of the PR campaign done by Bosnian. Muslim led government of Alija lzetbcgovic. They didt care about sufferings of the people, death 0" de structien.Tor these Islamic fanatics only one goal has no price the creation of an Islamic Bosnia and Hercegovina. The Bosnian Serbs and Croats have, realized lzetbcgoivc's lnrentions and they Iought agains] ir. Itisabout time for the International Community to. accept the reality, Therewill b 110 peace until the Bo: nian Muslims whoare responsible for llghtning up the brutalBosnia's civilwar will stand ill front of Hug's War Crimes Tribunal, It is time to gel A'lijli:l lzetbego ic, Ejup Gallic, Rusmir Mahmutcebajic, Omer Behmen, Hari Silajdzic to

tand. and face the historical judgment. Their blindacss (fanuticism) has created enormous disaster to the Bosnian Muslim people as well as for the Bosnian Serbs and Croats. his time to pay th - price Ior their r ligiou. fundam malism.

47

Bosnian Muslims who were considered by United Nation officials to be missing after the fall of the Srebrenica enclave nave made their way through enemy lines (0 Bosnian Government territory in Zepa, This is anofficial message from the Zepa command to their main hcadquarters in town of Tuzla. It was never made public although UN representatives were informed about incoming Bosnian Muslim troops from UN battalion in Zepa.

4 .

Report ~IIWIII c(lseSrcbrclliCll (the first parl}

Facsimile of Top-secret Bosnian l\l1usi;iu) Army document

REPUBLIC OF no ~ -A I HERZEGOVA DRFJ!.NC !. 011 TIlE REPUBLIC

Bosnia and ] Icrzegovina Army

2~.07.1995 lime: 14:20:00

2 CORPUS TUZLA

for brigadi 1': nUDAI< . VI H

Facsknile of Top secret Bosnian Muslim Army document

Til m Iii er of th 2R til Bosnian 1u ll 111 Mountain Battalion that came l Zepa on July 1.6, 1995.

1) iachir vich Mustafa 28 bb 2) lals gich ~ atet 28 II ~) Dzani ,11 Edh m-Klotjevr 1.1) Muminovich Zurijcl 2~ bb 5) Halilovich ejdalija-Kl tjevac

6) Malugich Hamdiju 2j .bb 7) M mich Suljo R lusrafich Asmir 280 hh 9) Bechiro ich lbro - Porno I 10) Dzanan vich Ibri: ina 2R bb

l l) Bechirovich Salko - Po mol 12) Ademovich Sakib 28 bib

113) Huscinovic Avdija 28 bb 14) Omerovich ahil2 bb

15) Alic Fadil 16 Zukano ich Hamid 28 bb

17) Ahmetovic adik It) Jahi h I met Z bb

(9) lu: ic Hu in 28 bb 20) ubi .ich 1 fail 2 bb 21) ) lasanovic Scad 2 I bb 22) alibovich Zult<;t' 28 bl 2 lbrahin vic LULVO 2( b 24 Suljich Hariz 2~ bb

25 Began vic Ragib 28bt 26 Bujramovich Ramo 28hb

27 Deike' 'aban 2Rhh 2, ) 0 rnanovich K-m.o-VEZA 28 div .. _9) Junuzovi c.dhem 28 bb 30) Jusupovich Hasan 28 hh

31) Malagic dzad 28 bb 32) IIu, ich Abid 28 bb

3 ) Malagic enahid 2 bb 34) rn rovlch Ifefaill2 bb

J5 Malagic Mchmcdalija 28 bb "'6) Mekanieh (Osmuna) Ibrahim 28 bb 37 K .. I idzic uad ~X bb 8 Murninovich Mevludin 2 bb

t) erovie M· h 28 bh ·0) j skovica Mirsad 2. bb

41) Rami Fikret 2 - bb 42) Bcganovi h 113. lid _ b

4~ ) G lie Adi 2 bb 44) Murninovich Vahdet 2 bb

49

45) Beganovie Elvir 28 bb 46) Muji.c. Nermin 28 bb 47) Music Husnija 28 bb 48) Hublich Hamzalija 28 hh

49) Malagic Selmo 28 bb 50) Bumbulovich Mehmed 28bb 51) Musk Bekir 28 bib 52) SeHmovich Sabahudin 28 bb 53) Huseinovic Senad 28 bb 54) Ahrnedovich Bego 28 bib

55) Salchinovic Hasim ~. Pusmulici 56) Malcinovich Asim 28 bb 57) Salchinovic Hazim ~ Pusmulici 58) Ornerovich Suad 28 bib

59) Jufufovic Muhamed - Karachici 60) Muminovich Kernal 28 bb 61) Beganovic Zaim. 28 bib 62) Malagich Kcma128 bb

63) Hrustanovic Mujo - Miholjcvine 64) Ahmetovlch Ahrnet 28 bb 65) Aljilc Aljo-iz Dobraka 66) Dzikanovich Fehim 28 bib

67) Ibrahimovic Esed -iz Zgunje 68) Aroich Alunedin _8 bb 69) Ibissevic Nedzad-Ia Dobraka 70) Halilovieh Sejdalija 28 bb 71) Ahmetovic Ahmer 28 bb 72) Bechirovlch lbro 28 hh

73) Bechirovlch Salko 28 bb 74) Husejnovich A vdija 28 bb

75) Smajiovich Mehidin 28 bb 76) Porobich Smail 28 bb

77) Avdich (AIiJa) Hajro 28 bb 78) Avdich (Mchnileda) Bdin 28 bb

79) Avdich (Hakije) Zijad 28 bb SO} Kadrieh (Fikreta) Mirsad 28 hb 81) Selimovieh (Hasib) Rizo 28 bb 82) Mandzich (Ibrahim) Sebi: 28 bb 83) Avdich Ahmedin ~ civilian - Klotovac

The following came to Zepaas well:

1) Dzananovich Velid from Zaluz,ja 2) Beganovleh Hamdija from Glogove 3) Avdich Izet from Brutunca 4) Hu einovich MehmedaHja from Glogove .5) Hodzich Adis from Srebrenice 6) Musich Remzija from Glogo v e

7) Spiodich Dzevad from Srebrenice 8) Beganovich Vcjs.il from. Glogovc 9) Alich Fahrudin from Volju\dce 10) Ibrsevlch Ahmo from S3Jsa

1.1) Hasanovich Senahid from Osmacea 12) Salihovich Safet from Voljavice 13) Hasich lv1.unib from rebrenlce 14) Jusich Kadrija from Voljavice

15) Tabakovich Emin from Zaluzja 16) Spiodicb Ramo from Po]jaka

n) . Ielilcvich Dzcmal from Srebrenice 18) Mahmutcvich Me!hn'led from Bratunca 28,b.b ~9) Krdzieh Bekto from Osmaca 20) Spiodich Sado from Poljnka

21)1 Ibisevich Ha an from Karacicha 22) Softich Kadrija from Dobraka 23) Mujkh 1a1'a7. from Srebrcnice 24 Salkkh Besim from Zv-Kamenice

50

Reportabnw CJW.l SrebrCllic(l. Olllt fir.~·l part'

Please 1.eE us know if Ejub Golic came to Tuzla, This is not a flnal lisr. The flnal onewill be send in a few days. after we have aU names collected ..

Major

lsI Ramo Cardakovic Coclusion:

It is possible to happen only in the Bosnian Muslim Stale The "missing civilians" from Srebrenicaare able to be "unaccounted for two years" and still (0 vote in U1C Bosnian elections held 1997! The following is a part of the list of 30 to ,I missing civilians" from Srebrenica that were.partielpatlng in the Bosnia s election and are on the OSeE voting lisss, Dr. Dragan Kalinic, President of the Republic of Srpska Par] iamcnt, presented tbis "paradox" ito the OSeE and European Union.

1 Abdurahmaaovtc NezirIsmet 2 Ademovic Ibrahim Kadir

3 Ademovic ISl11et Mevludin 4 Ademovic Seban Sabai n 5 Adic Camil Sadik

6, Ahmetovic A vdo Dzevad 7 Ajsie Ramo Adem 8 Akagic Alia Sabahudins Alernic Alaga Menser to Alic Alaga Abaz 1 t AUc Nez.ii~· Ahmo l2 ABc Semso Besim 13 ABc Dzemal Dzevad 14 Alic Ferid Fehim 15 Alic Feazo Halil 16 Alic Ohran Hasib

17 Alic Alija Hebib 18 Alic Melulled Mujo 19 Alie Ibrahim Nezir 20 Alic Haso Nijaz 21 Alic Hajrudin Reuf22 Alie Semso Sabahudin 23 Alic Adem Samir

24 ABc Sukrija Send 25 Alic Sukrija Seid 26 Alic Jusuf Senaltid

27 Alihodzi.c Camil Ramadan 28 AlisTpahk Hamdija Bnver 29 Allispahi.c Orner Mujio

30 Aljic Ismet Nijaz 31 Aljic Suljo Sabahudin 32 Aljic JUllUZ Salko 33 Aljic Suljo Seval 34 Aljic Abdulah Zijad 35 Alic Safet Ibm 36 Atic Ibm Smajo 37 Avdic Maso Alija

3g Avdic Orner Almir 39 Avdic Kadrija Ba_jazit 40 Avdic Mustafa Pazlija

41. A vdic Idriz. Uajrudin 42 A- die Alija Hajrudin 43 Avdic Nezir Kadir

44 A vdic Dzemail Nevzet 4,j Avdic Avdo Rarniz 46 Avdic Dzcmal Refik 47 Avdic Hasan Smai'll48 Avdic Smajo Suljo 49 Bajramovlc Suljo Azem 50 Bajramovic Iknn Nedzad 51 Bajramovic Ramo Nedzad 52 Bajr.amovie Alija Ohran

53 Bajramovic Ramo Semso 54 Beeic Husein Hajrudin 55 Becic Ramo Rarniz

56 Becirovic Mustafa Abdulah 57 Becirovic Daut Dalija 58 Becirovic Ramo Juso 59 Becirovic 13ahrija Nczir 60 Beganovic Mello Mersed 61 Begic lbro Bego

62 Begic Ahmo Hajdin 63 Begic Salih Halid 64 Begic Saban Halid

65 Beglc Alija. Mehmedalija 66 Begic Salih Nezlr 67 Bogie Eaez .. edzad 68 Begic Sacir Nu ret 69 Beglc Asim Zikrija 70 Bcgovic Ahmo Huso

51

7 I Bektic Enes Dzelil 72 Bcktic Jusuf Ejub 73 Bektic Adil Esed

74 Bekric Adem Ibrahim. 75 Bektic Mustafa Jusuf 76 Bcktic Sead Kiram 77 Bektic Mujo Munib 78 Bektic Salko Sakib 79 Bcktic Ibrahim Sead 80 Bektic Nail Suad 81 Bektichluse Suad 82 Bektic Ahmo Sulejman

83 Bitinovic Abdulah Sabahudin 84 Bitinovic Abdulah Sevludin

85 Borogovac Nardin Emir 86 Brdarevic Ahmo Admir

87 Brdarevic Carnil Hamed 88 Brdarevic Taib Val1id 89 Budovic Huso Bajro

90 Buljubasic Ismet Bajro 91 Buljubasic Avdija Elvir 92 Buljubasic Ismet Hamdija

93 Buljubasic Avdija Ha an 94 Buljubasic Vehbija Mirsad 95 Buljubasic Avdija Sen ad 96 Bumbulovic A im Adem 97 Burnbulovic Meho Fikret 98 Burnbulovic Orner Junuz 99 Bumbulevic .. Hasan Ha ibWO Bumbulovic Salih Husein 101 Buric Salih Rifet

102 Cakanovic Cazim Adis 103 Cakanovic Hilmo Cazim 104 Cakanovic Cazim Hazim 105 Camdzic Hasan Habib 106 Camdzic Mustafa Resid 107 Camdzic lube Samir

108 Carie Husein Junuz 109 Catie Osman Semo 1 LO Civic Znndo Hedib

III Cvrk Hasan Mello 112 Dautbasic Avdo Saeir 113 Dautovic Alaga Azem 114 Delio Sellm Azem U5 Delic Alija Ejup 116 Delic Edhem Ekrez

1] 7 Delic Hasan Enes 118 Delic Selirn Eniz 119 Delle Harned Hajrudin 120 Dclic Hasan Ibro 121 Delio Habib Izctl22 Delic Ene. Kadrija

23 Deli.c Meho Send 124 Deli.c Ohran Zijad J 25 Delle Sa1cin 'aib

126 Dervisevic Bego Bekto 127 Dervisevie ldriz Vahdet 128 Divovic Hakijn Elvedin 129 Divovic Ramo Salko 130 Dizdarevic Avdo Haso 131 Dizdarevic Hedib Huso 1320jogaz Iasan u: ret 133 Djogaz Salcin Salko 134 Djogaz Ahrno Vahid

135 Djozic Mensur Esad 136 Djozic Senusica Fuad 137 Djozic Asim Mensur

138 Djozic Alija Sadik 139 Djozic Edhern Sernir 140 Dudic Husein Ibro

141 Dudic Husein Sadik 142 Durakovic Haso Alija 143 Durakovic Miralern Mu an 144 Durakovic Ha: 0 Scad 145 Dzananovic Dzemal Azem

146 Dzananovic . ezir Dzemal147 Dzananovic Nezir Ibrahim 148 Dzananovic Hikrija Mujko 149 Dzananovic Juso Mirzet 150 Dzananovic Avdo Mustafa 151 Dzananovic Kasim Zikret

152 Dzanic lbro Edin 153 Djogaz Mustafa. Orne!' 154 Djogaz Salko Salcin

[55 Dj zic Huso Beriz 156 Efendic Huseln Avdo 157 Efendic Hajrulah Bahrudin 158.Efend.i Fadil Me ud l59 Efendi Husein Mevludin 160 Efendic Resid Resid [61 Ejub vic Alija Arnir 162 Ejubovic Ibrahim Avdo

163 JubvicMuharcn1 Bchadil 164 Ejubovic Alija. Ejub

165 Ejubovic lbro Ibrahim 166 Ejubovic Mehmedalija Mchmed 167 Ejubovic Mehmedalija Mevlid 168 eazic Fadil Mustafa

52

169 Feazk Nezir Nesib no Feazic Ibrahim Saban ,171 Feazic Sakib Safer 172 Feazic Ahmet Sakib 173 Feazic Orban Senaid 174 G~\uelj.ic Suljo A bid 175 Gabeljic RasidAsim 176 Gabeliic Rasid Arif 177 Gabeljic JU80 Avdo 178 Gabeljic Azim fahrudin 179 Gabe!ljic Iasim Harndija

180 Gabeljic Azem Hasan: 181 Gllbe]jic Rasim Huso 182 GabeIJic Suljo Ibm

183 Gabeljic Ibrahim Jusuf 184 Gabejjic Abdulah Meho 185 Gabeljic AtifMustafa 186 Gabeljic Nezir Nijaz 181 Gabeljic Husain Ramiz 188 Gabeljie Hasan Sead

189 Gabeljie RaslmZijad 190 Garaljevic Enos Eover 191 GaraJje\o'ic Mehmed Sakib 192 Gurdic Ahmet Ahmo 193 Gurdic Ahmo Mesud 1:94 Gnrdic Bego Sadik

195 E-Iadzibulic Bajro Mev1udin 1!96 Hndzibul!ic Teufik Bajro

J97 Hafizovic i\~hll1et Vahid 198 Hajdtll'eVfC Alnga Kadrija

199 Haadarevic Sukrija Mehmcd 200 Haadarevic Sukrija Mirzet

20 I Hakic Vejslll Elv1r 202 Hakte Hamdija Nardin 203 Hakic Hajro Nurdln 204 Halde Ramiz Senad 205 Halilovic Abid Halid 2,06 Halilovic HimzoHarnid 207 Halilovic Bajro Ibro 208 Halilovic Alija Mehmedalija

209 Halilovic Orner Memis 210 Halilovic Junuz Mirsad

21.1. Halilovic Safct Must3.fa 2112 Halilo\"lc 0 1110 Nurdih

213 Halilovic Huso Rasid 214, lu1ilovic Idriz Saban

215 Halllovic Saban Sado 216 Halilovlc Mernis Samir

217 Halilovlc Izet Seadalija 218 Halilovic Ibm ulejman

219 Ha:IHovi.c HaIid Zijad 220 HaHlovi.c Nurif Z~U'i}e[

221 Ilamzie Aljo rvlevHd 222 Hamzic Ahmet Mirsad 223 Tla,lnz:i.·c Sa1ib Salcin

224 Hanic Redzep Selim 225 Barbas Ragib Sakib 226 Hasankovic Hasan Nedzad 227 Hasanovic Amil Alaga 228 Hasanovic Huso Edhem 229 Hasanovic Zahir Esed 230 Hasanovtc Juso Hajdin 231 Hasanovic Seafo Haire

232 Hasaaovie Ahmet Harndija 233 Hasanovic Hasan Hamdija 234 Hasanovic Hasan Hazim 235 Hasanovic Salcin Jusuf

236 Hasanovic Ibrahim Mehmed 237 Hru anovic Alija Mehmcdalija 238 Hasanovic Ramo Meho 239 Hasanovic Ibratrim Mcvludin

24'0 Hasanovic RamoMirsa 241 Hasanovic Harned Nermin

242: Hasanovic Selman Saban 243 Hasanovic Kadrjja Senti!'

244 HaS3nOVtc Hakija Senad 245 Hasanovic I IU5Ci n Senahid

246 Hasanovie Alaga Suljo 247 Ha nnovic Dzemal Vahdet Fahret 248 H,ISi . Mu uafa Osman 249 Hirkic Mallo Ahmo

250 Hirki.c Bajro Behadil25J Hirkic Halid Beris 252 Hirkic Sulj,o Halid

~. ...

253 Hirkic OSn:UUl Jusuf254 Hirkic Ahmo Maim 255 Hirkic Husein Sabahudin

53

256 Hodzic Husein Farid 257 Hodzic Mujo Abdutah 258 Hodzic Kadir Aziz 259 Hodzic Suljo Fik!'e[ 260 Hodzic Salko Husein 261 Hodzic Sahmo Sabit 262 Hodzic Sahim Smail 263 Hock Scad Samh 264 HOlicHaSflll Sead

265 Hozbo Muradif Sakib 266 Hrustanovic Ismet Hazim

267 Hrustanovic ISI"neL Rifet 268 Hrustanovic Ahmo Tahir

269 Hrustic Sahim Azem 270 Hublic Ibrahim Hazrm

27] Hublic Fndil Teufik 272 HukicHusein Ahmet

273 Hokic Gajibija Bdhelu 274 Hukic Rcdzo Esed 275 Hukic Tahir Mujo 276 Bukk Hajdin Senad 277 Huremovic H~lsib Mehrned

278 Hnremovic Mesan Samir 279 Huseinovlc Orner EllUl'

280 Husemovic Nezir Mirsad 281 Huseinovic Izet Suljo

282 Hoseanagic Fchim Redzep 283 Huseanovlc Atif Hajrudin 284 Huseanovic Orner Ismet 285 Huseanovic Ibm Munib

286 Huscanovic Hajrudin Nermin 287 Huseauovic Ibrahim Osman 288 Husk Mujo B.ahjija. 289 Husic Hasan Esad

290 Husk Mujo Himzo 291 Busic Ibrahim Mehmed

292 Husic Mehmed Mqjo 293 Ibisevic Salih Bekir 294 Ibisevic [bis Ekrem 295 Ibisevic Ahrno Samir 296 Ibisevic Salih Send

297 Ibisevic Scvko Sefedln 298 Ibisevic Salih Seid 299 lbrahimovic Dzemal Bego 300 lbrahirnovic Orner Dzemai1301 Ibrahimovlc Orner Dzemal

302 lbrahimovic Nefail Emir 303 Ibrahirnovic Haso Enver

304 Ibrahimovlc Zuhdo Hasib 305 Ibrahimovic Orner Haso

306 lbrahtmovic Ahmer Ibrahim 307 Ibrahlmovic Dzemal Kemal 308 Ibrahimovic Zuhrijet Mevlid 309 lbrehimovic Fikret Mirzet

310 Iarahimovic Mehmed Muhamed 3] 1 Ibrahimovic Nuria Nedzad 312 Ibrabimovic Nuda Nardin 313 Ibrahimovic Zulfo Sabahudin 3141bnlhimQvic Ahmet Sahrnan 315 Ibrohimovic Smail Semso

316 Ibrahimovic Zaim Zabir 3cl71ddzovk Salko Hasan

3 I 8 Imsircvic Ad!' Muharem 319 J ahic Ramo Hasib

320 IahicMchmed Snib 321 Janie Sa]ko Vehbija

322 Jakubovlc Nezir Bego 323 Jakubevic Husein Ekrem 324 Jakubovic Esed Amir 325 Jasarevic Ismet Ahrnet 326 Jukic Hadzo lrfan 327 Jukic Mehmed Mehmedali]a

328 Junuzagic Zahir Mirza 32Y JUStC Mustafa Mujo 330 Jusic Mujo Munir 331 Jusic Hasib Sadik 32 Jusic Juso Sulejlnan 333 Jusufovic akin Camil 334 Ju ufovic Salcin Rarniz 335 Kabilovic Salko Mehmed

54

336 Kabilovic Bego Nesib 337 Kadric Juso Jusnf 338 Kadric Sado Kadrij.a 339 Kadric Kadrija Nurdin 340 Kadric Ka.drija N urij,a

341 Kalic Hamid Bekir 342 Knlic ldriz Muribi 343 Kandzetovic :Bek~o Behaja 344 Kardasevic Ramo Mehall 345 Klancevic Halid Scad

346 Klempic Sevko Amir 347 Klemplc Edhem Kadrija 348 Klempic Muso Zulfo 349 Krdzie Ramo Behudin 350 Krdzic Baro Izet

Some of the war crime. that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number. AU Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebrenica's Muslim operational army group ..

.55

Repm'( about ((1St Sr'ebrIJuica (file lir.\'t P(lr:t)

International Red Cross Committee List of ]\IUssing persons .. Examples of manipulations

The Lists of missing persons are from JeRe documentation. Bolded names represented found persons, which mean (hat they can't be treated and notice as missing. There arc more than thousand persons found on the same matter, what cause suspicion LO IRCR list.

Principe is next:

Persons were founding upon Top secret and confidential documents of Bosnia Muslim Army. For flus book needs, we, separate just one part of informations about so caned missing people from Srebrenica, On that way we make example with list of people with family names which beginning withcapital B.

The data contain following informations:

1) Basic informations about per 'on - ICRC

2) Informations from Army of Muslim - Croatian Federation.

3) Registration Dumber and data from main document

4) Conclusion.

All this data showing us manipulation with numbers of so called missing people from Srebrenica in July 1995.

EXAMPLE:

Mr. Ademovic Adem from father Zulfu is. on list of missing persons of lCRC trom July 1995. But true is that Mr.Adcmovic Adem: was on list of missing and killed per ons of Bo. nia Muslim Army during the combat 12.9.1992. Informations about thal is from, ecret Bosnia Muslim Army docnmenratious,

57

Basle data from registratien Ust of international organizations

FuU name Sex DOD.POB

lJECOJOHIC mule

12tb Ma.y 1972, Rovasi, Vlasenlea

Data Irom documents ;of lVloslem Croatian F.ederati.on

*BECO (SULJO) rosrc, born 1972 in Rovasi Vlasenica. Killed on lSIJ'lVlarch 19'93, in vmag~ Bailjko\'ica, zvornik

Reg;sb:-ati.OD. number List .of kill.ed and disappeared soldiers on tlte

land data from .original terr'itory Debelo Brde and na~Jko\'ica frorn

document .284.IUL brigade Srebrenica

I~----------~~------~----------------~

Conclusion

*Kmcd on lSll'.March 199.2, before July 1.'9>95

Hasle data from. registra:tioR. Ust o:r international organii7..ations

Fu.lname Sex DOB.POD,

HAMDUA JA~ARl1,VIC male

1511'1 "(\>tay 1'963,. Maeesl, VJasenica

Data from documents 01' MoslclnCr;08.ti.an Federation

*HAMDIJA (AVDO) JASAREVIC" born 1963 in Vlasenka, Disappeared.on6lb July 1993ilu Ruzin.a Voda, Vlaseniccft., on the road 'to Tuzla

., Registration number

I' and data from original I I document

List ofkiUed and disappeared soldiers on tile terri,fory Debelo Brdo' and Baljk.o~·ica from 284.ffiL bdgade Srebrenlea

Conclusion

*Djs.,ppeared ol16th .July 1993, before July 1'995

58

Testemonies of survietors of crimes ,commited by Muslim Jihad Wardors in Srebernlca and surrounding v"I'lag- --,

r . _. _ _ _ _ . _ . urr .._, I., _ es

On October 5, 1992" Moslem armed formations attacked the house of Sreten Djokic in the village of Divovici near Branmac, and two days later the bodies of the people killed in Divovici were handed over to the Serbs, The body of Sreten Djokic was given without the head and. the rightarm, On the neck hung a patch of skin wnh hair from the top of his head. T1J.e headand the arm were never found and the body was buried without them, Proof: 37194~6uo.

In clashes between Moslem armed forces and those of the Army of the Republic of Srpska on N(lVember 5 1992 h'l the area of Kamenlca, the commune of Zvomlk, the Mos,]ems captured and killed by beheading Vlado, Grabovica, Save Djokie, Dragomir Bozic, Slavko Tljanic, Savo Kazanovic and Radomir Pavlovic. Dragomir Bozic \\'ClS massacred andthe head severed from the body. The head of Sla,,,ko Tijanic was found without the eyes, earsand nose, a. 6 mm diameter iron bar was found ill his chest, while hi,s, neck, hands and feel were tied with wire.

The head of Savo Kazanovlc had also been CUll off, his chest pierced with a large nail, and he himself nailed to' an oak tree and crucified .. A. head without the body was also found which is assumed to have belonged (0 MHos Grabovica, The follow!ing were also killed in Kamenica on November 5,.1992: Miladin Asceric, 28 years old; Mico Tesic, 24 years old and Nikola Milinovic, 27 years old. They were also beheaded. Proof: 184/94~5. 184/95-6, 184/95-7 and 184/9S~8.

Some of the war crimes thal are reported to the UN and Usted by the case and proof number, AU Bosnian Muslim units were front Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

In an. auackcarried out on June 3.,1992 on the village of Brezane, the commune of Srebrenlca, Moslems killed Milivoje Mitrovicand Stanoje MilTQvic,. When this village was liberated in

April 1993 their headless bodies were found, .

One perosoa with nickname "Kemo" from Pale had sllt Stano]e Mltrovic's throat Proof: 6jS/94-9.

110 COI1{idental number in order [0 protect identity or vitnes and victims.

59

On September 24.1992 Moslem forces occupied the village of Podravanje in the commune of Milici, set it to fire, lootedir and killed all the wounded whom they found in the village. They killed ,19 pel"SODS on that occasion and massacred their bodies.

Zulfo Tursumovic from. Suceska had the severely wounded Tornislav Perendic put his head in Ilis (Tursumovie's) lap and then slaughtered him and cut his head off. Svetozar Jovanovic's head was cut off and impaled on a stake and Gojko Tomic was beheaded and his head thrown some 20 metres a way from the body.

Some of tile war crimes that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number, All Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

DESIGNATION OF CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Divovici, tile commune of Braumac, September-October 1992. .. BRIEP DESCRIPTION: When the war broke out in Croatia, the Moslems from this village started provoking the Serbs, In early September 1992, the husband of the witness. Sreten Djokic,. wa auaeked while he was pickingplumbs near their house, hit by all' object wn the back of his head after which he fell and lost consciousness. After that he was taken to the Uzice hospital for treatment. The witness learned (hin he had been attacked by Moslems \\'110 had left him behind believing tbat he had been dead. On.5 October, after her husband returned from the hospital, the witness and her husband were at horne. At one moment Sretenwent to the stable .0 feed [he cows, when the witness heard shots and her son yelling "Dad Jell". Then she saw her husband lying motionless five meters away fremthe house on the way to the stable,

fifty meters away she saw Hasanovic with a rille, cursing her Chetnik mother, ordering her to get out of her house where she hid with her son. Soon after that, a flammable device was thrown into (he house causing fire, and the witness and her SOil started suffocating. Her son jumped out of the window) and the. witness heard ShOlS and saw theperpetrators running after her SOil, She then ran to the opposite direction to a nearby forest. Two days later, on 7 October, the bodies of those who were killed in Divovici were given to Serbs. The witness saw the body of her son Svetozar with the right eye plucked out, the right arm. broken. awound on

[I~ e ,,' -I" side of- ·h·"c chest and a number of holes' on 1..1'.", shat probably as -, , sult of sta bbine

1 ugh. 1~_ ,] •. L .. ,d~ ~~L_. ~ .~ __ u ... n. _ ~ ~ ·~.a _~. _I , Ie>'

The body of her husband was decapitated and without the right arm. A piece of his skinv .... ith 'hair taken from his head was hanging down his neck. His bead and arm were not found and the body was buried withoutthem ..

60

Report abQrtt ,case Srebrenica (the (irslvart)

INDICA nONS CONCERNING P'BRPETRA TOR: 1. lzet Hasanovie, 2. Hans Ridjic, of fa[her Munib •. 3. Bdem Mahmutovic, sixty years of age, whom the witnesssaw taking a cow and a goat out of her stable during (he attack.

EVIDENCE: Minutes from th.e hearing of the witness Savka Djokic, of 31 August 1994, filed with the Committee under number 378194·6 and medical documentation (Dr. Srankovic),

DESIGNATION OF CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: Visegrad, 24 July 1992,. BRIEF DBSCRIPTION: On 24 July Raako Samardzic, bom 23 April 19'31. of father Pero, was killed in Visegrad near his house by Moslem soldiers,

INnlCATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: I .. Kemal Isic, a Moslem soldier from. Visegrad, 2. Ibrahim Susko. from Visegrad, 1. Hasan Vetejovac; from Visegrad .. EVID.BNCE:

Committee 440194~27 NOTE: Supplement to application 1- ru 39.

DSSlGNATION OF CRfME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND 'ITMB: T.he vlllage of Jelasci, thecommune of Visegrad, 1 August .1992. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: In the night of 2 August lvloslem military troops attacked the village of Jelasciand shot the following civilians:

I. MUo Savlc born in 1943, of father Gvozden, 2. Petka Savic.bom in 1945 of father Dragomir, 3.. Radomir Savio, born in t949. of father Gvozden, 4. Dragan Susnjer, born in 1928. of father Jovan, 5. Slavka Susnjar, born in 1930? 6. Trivun Jelicic, born in 1929. of father Velizar, 1. Sava Jelicic, bora in 1920, 8. Milrj,ana Jelicic, born 1960. of father Miloje,. 9. Dragaoa Jelicic, 8 years old. 10. Vjdoje Jelicie, 11 years old. The, victims were killed in their home's or leaving theirhouses, Each of (hem had several bullet shots on their bodies,

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Ahmed Sejdic, from Visegrad, commander of a Moslem. miliuu'Y unit. EVIDENCE: Minutes from the hearing of the witnesses filed with the Committee under numbers 440/94-36 and 440/94·40. NOTE: Supplement to application, 1-139. Some of the war crimes that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number. AU Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebrenica's operanonal Muslim armygrotlp ..

DES'fGNATION OF CRIME: Deliberate kiHing of civilians .. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Vlahovlci, the commune of Visegrad, 9 June 1992. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: A group

61

of Moslem soldiers killed the following civilians from the village of Vlahovici on 9 June in a field called Krcevina:

1. Dragomir Simsic, born in 1949, of father Momcilo, 2. Perka Snnsic, maiden name Gogic, born ill 1941, of father Vitomir, and 3. Bozo Simsic, born in 1932, of father Obren. Dragomir and Perka Simsic were killed by Bajic and Sabanovic from fire arms, and Bozo Simsic was both shot and slaughtered by Hurem.

lNDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Harndo Bujic, from Velika Gostilja the commune of Vtscgrad, of father Asim and mother Mejrema, 2. Adil Sabanovic, from Mala Gostilja, the commune of Visegrad born on 27 November 1972 in Visegrad of father Rifet 3. Ragib Hurcm, called Rupee, from Mala Gostilja, [he commune of Visegrad, born on 24 September 1960, of father Ragib and mother Hajra. EVIOENCE: Minutes from [he hearing of the witness and an application of the public security station in Visegrad Ku. 6/93, filed with the Committee under number 440/94-35. NOTE: Supplement to application 1·139.

DESIGNATION OF CRIMB: Deliberate killing of civilian .. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Donja Lijeska, near Visegrad, 25 October 1992. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: The witness Pecikoza W'OlS nearby (he house of Milka Zecevic when Moslem soldiers who attacked that Serbian village took the fifty year old Milka out of her house and killed her. The witnes .. was about fifty meters away from them. He recognized Marie" Alija Kustura and Zain Kustura,

fter [he murder they burnt her house, as well as (he houses of other Serbs from the village.

I DICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Osman Marie, from the village of Babica Potok ncar Visegrad, 2 .. Alija Kustura, from the village of Okruglo near Visegrad, 3. Zain Kustura, from the village of Okruglo, neal." Visegrad. EVIDENCE: Minutes from the hearing of the witness filed with the Committee under number 440/94~29

DESIG ATION OF CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND T[ME: The vi.lhlge of Mesici, the commune of Rogatica 26 June 1992. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: On 26 June 1992 Moslem soldiers attacked the Serbian village of Mesici near Rogatica and in (he settlement Hidroelektrana (hey killed Nedjo Gladanac from Mesici, born on 25 August 1922 in

udici f father O. toja. On his body there were several bullet wounds and several knife stabs in the chest. and the neck. The next day when the family was burying Gladanac Moslem soldiers came and disturbed the funeral.

62

Report about ClJSe Srebrellica (Ihe first part)

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Members of the Moslem Army. 2. Minutes from the hearing of the witnesses f led with the Committee under number 440/94~21.

DESIGNATION OF CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: Tbe villages of Klisura and Bursici, the commune of Visegrad, 8 August 1992, BRIEF DESCRIPTION: On 8 August 1992 a Moslem military unit attacked the Serbian villagesof KJisura and Bursici near Visegrad, in which there were no Serb troops. In front of the house of Marko KUSITIllk Moslem soldiers killed his two sons while he was lending sheep nearby:

1. Milorad Kusmuk, born in 1%1 and 2. Milos Kusmuk, born in 1965, and burnt the house in which were: 3. Danica Kusmuk, Marko's wife, born in 1931, of father Dusan and 4. Joka Vukasinovie, Marko's aunt, born in 1914 of fathe Milos, Danica burnt in the house, and Joka managed to escape (he fire, but was shortly afterwards killed by Moslem soldiers. The following persons were also killed: 5. Drago Kusmuk, born in 1954, of father Vcso and 6. Zoran Kojic, from the neighbouring village of Adrovici, born in 1965, of father Ljubo. On the same day the following persons were killed in the village of Bursici by Moslem soldiers: 7. Bozana Ircagic, born in 1905, and her daughter 8. Stanojka Ircagrc, born in 1933, of father Vojin. After that they burnt Kusmuk's house, two stables, a pigsty a shed, a cottage and a dairy and left out 105 sheep and 13 cows, altogether to the value of 700,000 DM.

INDICATlONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Dzevad Sisic, born in [961, in the village of Bogdasiei, near Vi,segrad,of father Ismet, 2 .. Dzevad Muharemovic, from Medjedja near Visegrad, born in 1961, of father called "Pobro", BVIDENCE: Minutes from (he hearing of the witness filed with the Committee under number 440/94-20. NOTE: Supplement to application 1-116.

DES1G ATION OF CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Donja Lijeska near Visegrad, late July 992.

BRiEF DESCRIPTION: In late July 1992, <'II group of Moslem soldiers headed by Ramiz Nuhanovic entered [he house of Radojka Rajak born in 1927, of father Milic Bozovic; Nuhanovic killed Radojka from firearms on the threshold of her bouse. Radojka had several bullet wounds on her body. After the murder, they burnt the house and all auxiliary facilities (a stable for cows, a pigsty, a barn), altogether to the value of 500.000 D1v1.

63

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Ramiz Nuhanovie, fromthe village of Tustamedj neal' Vlsegrad, EVIDENCE: Minutes from the hearing of the witness filed with the Committee under number 440/94-30. NOTE: Supplement to applicauon 1- E 39.

Some of the war crimes rhat are reported to the UN and listed by (he case and proof number .. All Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

D.ESIGNATION OF CRIME: Deliberate kUling of arrested persons-POWs. PLACE AND TIME: Srebrenica, September-October 1992. BRIEF DESCRfl~ION: Aft.cr thearrest, Tursumovic cut the witness's chest with a knife, which left a vIsible seal'. Af(CI' that he was taken to the Srebreaica police fur hearing. There they put a pistol into his mouth and Koljevic pulled the trigger, but the bullet was not in [he barrel, and only a clicking sound could be heard. Then everybody started beating him, after which they called Dragoljub Kukicfor hearing; they hit him against the ground and beat him, Kukic reacted a'[ One point by cursing their Ustashi mother, after which Ahmetovic took a Log which was by the stove, and hit Kukic in thechest wi.thil, un{i.I he died .. They threw Kukic's body on ajunk yard somewhere near Podravanj.

The wimess was later beaten with the samelog, and Ahmeiovic knocked his tooth nut. When he was beaten on other occasions they knocked out all histeeth and broke his ribs in 14 places .. They put out cigarettes on his legs, which left scars .. They urinated into his 11IOuLh. They hanged him on the ceiling by tying his legs with a. rope hung on awheel fixed to a strip .. As a result of such an inhumane treatment and poor diet, [he witness lost 30 kg in 2l days in the prison. and had. 62 kg when be left the prison. Naser Orie also participated in tile beating of prisoners.

INDICATIONS CONCERNING .PERIJETRKfOR: 1. Zult'o Tursumovic, 2. Millet Koljevic, head of the police. 3. Kemal Ahmetovic, called "Kemo".4 .. "BeH''', a guard, 5, Naser Oric, commander of the Moslem army in Srcbrcnica. BV1D'ENCE: Minutes from (he hearing of the witness filed with the Commiuee under number 378/94-14.

Some of '[he war crimes that are reported to (he UN and listed by the case and proof number. All Bosnian Muslim unitswere from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group,

DES]GNA TIO OF CRJME: Deliberate killing of arrested persous-POWs. PLACE AND TIME: Gornji Potocari, the commune of Bratunac, June 1992. BRIBP DESCR1PTION: Dragall Mltrovic, a retired miner, born ill 1929,. from (he village of Donji Magask.,.was heavily

64

disabled and walked with twowalklng sticks, On 16 June he tended cattle nearby his house when he was approached by B:aba.jic, Ramie and Ibrabimovic from fhe village of Glegovo and forcibly taken [0 the Moslem village of Cizmieiendclosed in the house of Camil Muratovic, He was beaten. 011 25 June Mitrovic's sons were on the hill called "Cuka", in the neighbor .. hood of Cizmici, when they heard MoslemscaUing them, proposing to negotiate on ihe excbange of Mhrovic, They wanted t.o see 'their father first, and they took him out. in fTont. of Camil Muratovic's stable. Mitrovic could hardly walk with the help of 3. stick; he shouted that he was alive and well,

In exchange for Mitrovic they demanded 5 tons of flour or 5 boxes of ammunition, which his sons did not. have. Then they shouted to them; "Send. your mother Jovanka, We have no one to fuek; we'll give you your father back" .. Mirrovic's sons felt humiliated and asked in despair their friends to kill their father so that Moslems could not torture and humiliate him any more, butthey refused .. Mitrovic was taken to the prison in Gornji Potocar, where Beslic, the warden, beat him daily; one day be hIt his head againsr the wall. and when he feU kicked him to death with his boots. His body was thrown inlro the Potocanska reka (a river), and Interlaken in a truck in an unknown direction.

INDICATIONS CONCERNiNG PERPETRATOR: I. Hajro Beslic from Bratunacv prison warden in Gornji Potocar, 2. Ejup Golic, former shipper. from the village of Glogovo, 3. Sabrija Babajic, of father Mehrned, from the village of Glogovo, 4 .. Mural Ramie, of father Osman, from the village of Glogovo, 6. Camil Muratovic, from Cizmioi, 7 .. Refik Babajic." of father Rama, from Glogovo, EVIDENCE: Minutes from thehearing of Mitrovlc's son Jovan, filed with the Committee under number 560/94 and the document of the Basic Court. in Zvornik Ki. 70/93 filed with the Committee under number 266/1-94.

Some of the war crimes that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number, AU Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebreuica's operatioaal Muslim army group.

DBSIO ATION OF CRIME: Inhumane treatment of civilians. PLACE Al'fD TIME: Srebrenica, 1992-Februal'j' 1994. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: The witness, a 70 year old pensioner, lived with his wife in his family house in Srebrenica where he was born. When a great number of Serbsescaped from Srebrenica, where until the war 113 of the population had been Serb, the wltn S5 believed that war just a phase, and that life would. become normal again. In the end only 2 :1. persons of Serb lll:lfIollaJity remained ill Srebrenica ..

65

Life was difficult for Serbs. They were constantly exposed. to various forms of abuse, especially by Moslem refugees who threw stones at Serb houses, demolished them, and often plundered them. Moslem military police searched the witness's house twice. The first lime Ihoy searched his house, they took. all food he had, aswellas medicines andother valuables. The second time a police patrol consisti.n;g of Hajrusand Safe[ from Voljevica, searched his house and the.n came 'back the same day and took away his clothes, his wife's underwear, stockings, hygienic necessities. The two men. continued visiting the witness another 6 evenings. They forced their entry every time by breaking the gate.

The witness complained to [he military police and commander Krdzic told him that he would "take necessary measures", The witness knew abo-ut. the killing and maltreatment of other Serbs which i.s why be was afraid to leave his house during the day. so he wentout only in the evening,\\'hne his wife had to wear long dresses like Moslem women to hide that she was a. Serb. The witness finally left Srebrecica assisted by the Red Cross because he fell ill and required a surgery. In Srebrenica he left behind hls real ~stare.a. two- storey house (llx8m), a yard and an orchard.

INDICATIONS CONCERNrNG PERPETRATOR: L Aiif Krdzic from Os maca, who was a policeman before the war, commander of the military police in Srebrenica, 2. Hakija Mehovic, commander of [he military police in Srebrenlca, 3. Hidajet Mustafic. from the surroundings of Skelani, member of lhe military police 4~5. Safet and Hajrus both from Vol~ jevica, near Bratunae, memoers of the l'nilitary pohee .. EVID.E.NCB:. Minutes from the hearing of the witness of 30 August 1994, flledwiththe Committee under number 378/94-3.

DESIGNATION OP CIU.ME: Inhumane treatment of arrested persons - POWs. PLACE AND TIME: Srebreniea, the prison in the police building, Septcmoer-Oetober 1992. BRIEF DESCRlPTION: The witness was arrested in his house ill the village of Podravanje in an attack ofthe Moslem army and taken [0 a prison in Srebrenica .

. He was placed in a cell (2 K 2.5m) in which there were no beds or covers .. ]0 fact, therewa no fumiturein the cell. They could not lie down, because there were six of them in the cell, and guardskept spilling water on. the floor, so that they stood or crouched all tile time .. The witness and other Serbs were beaten every day. The witness was. beaten with boots, a a. resull. of which his ribs were broken, This was done by Koljevlc whose boots, as it occurred Ito the witness, were specially intended for beating, since they were strengthened with pointed bootlegs, and the witness often lost consciousness after beating.

66

Relmr~aboul case 8reb.r-L!lli(;a(the first parl)

The beating usually started at 10 P .. rn .. .and ended at 4 a.m, The witness was also beaten with. electric eables, cords, metal pipes. He particularly had a diHicuU time when they burnt his hanaswithcigarettes made of walnut leaves .. On one occasion Koijevic ordered him to stri.p naked.und burnt his penis with a cigarette .. The witness lost consciousness. Seven of his teeth were knocked out - five in the upper and two in the lower jaw. Apan from Koljevic, hie was also beaten by (he guards Kemo, Bell and Dule, Guards of len clogged the toilet, so thatthe witness andother prisoners had to put. their hand inthe opening.

Several rimes they brou.ght women and children from, the town to the cell in wbich the wnness was, and they spat on them and insulted them. They were not allowed to take a bath or to wash their facesever, und when du~y asked W go to the toilet, it depended on guards whether they would. go or not It' they let them go, they had to go out together" and they were beaten by guards in the corridor. This is why they had to avoid g.oing to the toilet. They usually received food twice a. day - leftovers from what guards ate. Occasionally they received lea with no .sugar anda piece of bread of the size of a cigarette package .. As they were not allowed to wash, . ometlrnes they had to take bread with handson which there were Ieee fmm the cleaning of the toilet

I. D1CATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: I. Mirzet Koljevic, head of the police. 2. Naser One cornmander of the Moslem. army in Srebrenica, who beat the witnes so hard tI'3l. his left eye remained damaged as a rcsuhofa blow, 3-6. Guards Kemo from Pale near Sarajevo, Beli and Dule Irom Osmaca near Srebrenica, Cemo from Suceska .. EVIDENCE: Minutes from the hearing of thewitness flledwith the Committee under number 378/94-1.

orne or thewarcrimes that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number, AU Bosnian Muslim unie were from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

- -- -

OPSlGNATION 0' CRJJVIE: Deliberate kjUingalld inhuman treatmentof the wounded and the sick PLACE AND TfM.E: Srebrenica, 3. prison located between the Town .HaU and the ourthouse, January - February 1993.

Bltl '1' DESCRIPTION: Durtng a Moslematrack on Serbs in thevillage of Kusici, the witnets .• a student of the second year of high school was on holiday when she received 31. wound in her left hip while feeding [he eaulc with her mother. After th<lt they were captured bythe Moslem and taken U\vuy. But, since she was unable to walk all account of thewound, her

67

mother carried her for two kilometers and then she was loaded on an oxen cart, rook to Srebrenica and put into the prison between the Town Hall and (11.e Courthouse. She stayed in the prison from January 16 till February 6. 1993,. She lay ana stretcher andwascompletely unable [Q move. During the above slated period she had her wound dressed only once and was given .!Ii few pJUs. She was not taken to, the hospital, which at the timeexisted in Srebrenica and was providing services, She and other inmates were given food ()n~y once a. day consisting of a slice of bread and beans soup. The water was supplied in the least possible quantities dependingoa the mood the guards. They were not provided with any facilities for washing or taking a. bath, Men were imprisoned in the adjacent room wherefrom guards' curses and wailing and howling from the inmates being beaten could frequently be heard. Owtng to the effects of the inflicted wound and the untimely medical care, she had to spend four months in a hospital after (be, exchange and her leg remained shorter by 5 em.

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: L Zlllko Turusovie, the prison commander in Srebrenica EVIDENCE: Theminutes from the hearing of the witness of August 30 11994 filed with the Committee under No. 378/94-5.

Some of the war crimes Ehat arc reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number, All Bosnian Muslim unitswere from Srebreniea's operational Muslim army group.

DJBSlGNATION OF CHJME: Deliberate killingot' prisoners- prisoners of war. PLACE AND TIME: Gomja Kamenica a villagenear Zvornik, 24 August 1992. BRIEF DESCRIPTION:

At about 6 a.m, on August. 24, 1992, armed Moslem formations attacked the village of Gornja Kamenica. Most of the inhabitants managed [0 leave the village, but the following persons stayed behind:

L Ljubmn.ir Tomie 2. Dragornir Tomic, and. 3. Milomir Kukol], of father Veljko, all from Gornj~t Kamenica. After the arrest, members of the Moslem armed formations tortured and then killed the three memioned persons, After I:he Iiberatlon of Gornja Kamenica on October 20, 1992 their bodies were found near a stab'e which belonged to Bo a Tomie. Their bones were broken, jl1cluding their skulls, which proves (hat they werekilled,

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Bsad Mehmedovic, former policeman Irom the village of Besici, the Mifici Commune 2. Meho Suljagic, from Kamenica, the Zvornik Commune 3. Saban Redzic, former inspector of the Commune of Zvomlk 4 .. Edo Haskic from Gornja Kamenica 5 .. Esad Haskic, from Gornja Kameniea 6. Ahmed rebic ..

68

.Raport alu;mt c(lse Srehrel'lka (ti,e first naTt)

former policeman from Zvornik 7. Hazir Begic, former policeman from Zvornik 8 .. Bsad Salklc 9. Muhamed Selimovic I! 0, Meho Suljic EVIDENCE: A document of the Basic Court in Zvornik, No. KrL 7l/93, filed with the Committee under No. 26611 -94 and document 378/94-19-23 including testimonies of B .. V .. ,T.M .. , K.V. T.M. and K.T ..

DESlG.AT10N OF CRIME: Willful kiUing and inhuman treatment of wounded and sick persons, PLACE AND TIME: Srebrenica, hospital, between July 24 and 27,. 1993. BRIEF DESCRIPTION: Halilovic •. as soldier of Moslem Armed formations. shot to death a civilian in [he hospital. The civilian was Stojan Krsmanovic, nee 192'4, from the village of Rekovac the municipalityof Bratunac, Krsmanovlc was placed in the hospital after he had been capturcdaad injured by Moslem armed units of Ejup Golic, when he was on his way home from Jelovac to Rekovao, unarmed. INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: L Emir (Safet) Halilovic, barber by profession, from Srebrenica, born in the village of Budak, the rmmlcipality of Szcbrcnlca .. EVIDENCE: The documentation filed with the Committee under No. 37 H94-1.1nd inthe documenrs of the Basic Public Prosecutor's Office in. Zvomik Kt. 9/94, where (he records on autopsyperformed by Lhe physician of the out-patient health center in Bratunac are also filed.

Some of the WIll' crimes that are reported YO the UNlllld listed by the case and proof number. All Bosnian MusHm units were from Srebrenlca's operational Muslim army group.

DESIGN.ATJON OF CRIME: Ethniccleansing. PLACE AND TIME: Medje. a village near Srebreniea, May - August 1.992. BR1EF DESCR1PTION:. On May 16. 1992 the commander of a Muslim armed formation, Beketic, came to the Serb viiHage of Medje and, promising to the villagers that nothing would happen to them and that they could go on living and working In peace-he seized an theirweapons and came again 10 the vsllage on July 15 •. 1992 in the COIDpan)" of armed members of his unit and. on thar occasion, klUed:

L vijetin Gagic, alias "Maio" , of father Srecko, 2., Velirnlr Simeunovic, of father Perm, 3., Radojka Sirneunovlc of husband Velirnir, ,4. Milojkn Gagic, 5. Milovaa Gagic, 6 .. Ljubica Gagic, of husband Milovan, 7. Milena Gagic •. of husband Milan, 8. Danica Gagic, of husband Djordje, 9. Milovan Andric, of father Sava 10. Mladjer; Subotic, of father Simeun, 11. Ilinka Subotie, of husband iVlili,srr 12 .. IVIanojlo Subotic '13, Milena Subotic, wifeo! Manojlo, 14 .. Vidojc Suboric of father Drago, 15. Andja Gagic wife of Miladin, 16. Petal' Gagfc, 17. P trija Andric. and 18 .. Radivoje Suhotic, all from the village of Medja,

69

Jndivlduals were put behind the barsafter they were transported by Iorries from Medja to Srebrenton where they were locked up In the rooms of the former territorial defence HQs.I' subjected to torture and abuse. and then sl.aughLered; their bodies were exchanged on August. 13.

At the same time. Serb houses in this village were looted, cartle driven away and the houses and auxiliary buildings owned by the following set alight and destroyed:

in the hamlet of Karan: Velimir S imeuno vic. Mfadjen Subotic, Manojlo Subotic, Vidoje Subotic, Milenko Slfbotic, Cvijel.in Gngie. Djordje Gagic, Miloven Gaglc, Dragan gagic, Milenko Gagie Petar Gagic, Vojisla.v Andric and Milovan Andric;

in the hamlet of Radaccvic: Pera Vasic, Ljeposava Vasic, Stanisa Vasie Stevan Golic, Bo a Golk, Java Todorovic, Radisa v Gligic, Todor Todorovic, Nedja. Jovanovic, Milenkc Jovanovic, MIlan Jovanovic, Jevdja Jovanovic, Zivko Jovanovic, Cvjetin Jovanovic, Draga Jovanovic, Jova Jovanovic, Dragan Jovanovic and Radoje Vasic:

in the hamlet of Valtovic: Zivan Trlfunovic, Mileuko Trifunovtc, Vlada Lukic, Stevn Lukic, Mara Lukic, Vinka Lukic. Radisav Lukic, Zivko Lukic and Milan Lukic;

in the hamlet of Crni Vrh: Radomir Djul'ic. VojiisJav Djurie, Radivoj Jezdic, Krsta Peirovlc, Pel aID.' Jovicic and Milka Petrovic,

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: 1. Members of the Muslim urrned formatlons under the command of Ned ad Bektic, former JNA lieutenant, hamal. Karadztci, commune of Srebrenica to father Rama and mother ZeIJa. a Muslim ... EVIDENCE: Documentation filed with the Committee for Compiling: Data on Crimes against Humanity and Interuational Law under No. 371194~2 and with the Basic Court at Zvornik under No. Ki.78/94.

1ST OF Tf E CAMPS FOR SERBS IN SREB.RE: "leA: (320.. SREBRENICA. a prison between rhe buildings of the Municipality Court and the CHy Hall 321. SREBRENICA, prison of a police station 322.. SREBRENICA, village of Potccari, private prison of Otic Naser 323. \REBREN~CA.villageof Sceska, Zulfo Tursunovic's private prison

Some of the war crime .. [hat are reported tothe UN and listed by the case and proof number. AU Bosnian Mu lim units were front Srebrenica's opcraiional Muslim army group,

70

Report elboW case Srebrenictl aile first part)

DESIGNATION 0, CRIME: Deliberate killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Zeravice and the village of Recice, the municipality of Han Pijesak, August 1993.

BRI-t F DESCRIPTION: On August 2, 1993, soldiers of Muslim armed formations attacked the Serb villages of Recice and Zeravice, In Recice there were no victims in the civilian population because the villagers had fled before the soldiers' arrival. The soldiers looted and then burnt seven houses with auxiliary buildings. The burnt houses were owned by Dusan and Milovan Golijan, Torno and Vasa Golijan, Stevan Golijan and his brothers, Rajko Vaskovic, Svetozar Golijan and Milorad GoHjan.

Muslim soldiers attacked Zeravice the same day and killed: 1. Dobrivoje Golijan, born on April 6, 1926, resident of Zeravice, 2. Rajka Todorovic. born in 1958, who had been mentally ill, 3. Aleksa Golijan, born in 1923,4. Danica Sokanovic, born in 1926. 5. Milovan Golijan. born in 1967.6. Marko Mirovic, born in 1923,7. Jovan Sokanovic, born in 1931 •. Zora $0- kanovic born in 1936, wife of Jovan Sokanovic. During the attack, Dana Sokanovic, a primary school pupil, sustained a wound in the attn, after which she was captured and taken by Muslim soldiers to Kladanj, together with Golijan Velimir born in 1946 and Milojka Mirovic born in 1926.

When they occupied the village, the Muslim soldiers plundered and burnt down more chan 70 Serb-owned houses and their .auxilillI'Y buildings and took away some 200 heads of cattle,

INDICATIONS CONCERNING PERPETRATOR: r .. Brajko Huseinovlc, or father Hamid. m. Ajsa- maiden name Doljancic, born on October 7, 1959 in Rubnici.the municipality of Han Pijesak, tradesman by profession, employed in TP "Napredak' before the war, permanent residence in Rubinici, the municipality of Han Pijesak,

2 .. Rifei Vrabac called "Bekan", of father Djulbeg, m, Serna - maiden name Bubic, born on December 1, 1.961, in Nevacka, the municipalny of Han Pijesak, timber dispatcher by profesion. employed in SIP "Planin: ko", Hall Pijesak, before the war, permanent. residence in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak,

3. Rizvo Vrabac, of father ahbaz, horn au November 10 1953, in Nevacka the municipallty f l lan Pijesak, driver by profession, empl yed in IP "Planinsko'', Han Pijesak, permanent rcsidcuce in evacka,

71

4. Becir Makanic, of father Jakub m. Cura, born on April 15 • .1957, machine technician by profession, permanent residence in Vlasenica, commander of lst Muslim detachment of Cer,

5. Ismet Vrabac, called "Redzo", of father Djulbeg, m. Serna - maiden name Bubic, born on September 1. 1963 in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak, worker by profession emplayed in SIP "Planinsko'v Han Pijesak, before the war permanent residence in evacka,

6. Muhamed Vrabac, of father Mujo, born on February ]0 1939, in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak, employed in PTT, Han Pijesak, before the war. permanent res idence in Nevacka,

7, Resid Imanovic, of l:aIher Bajra, born on July 11, 1955 in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak, locksmith by profession, employed in SIP "Planinsko", Han Pijesak, before the war. permanent residence in Nevacka, reserve INA officer before the war,

8. Zaim Avdagic, of father Himzo born on May 28, 1946, in Turalici, the municipality 0(' Vlasenica, carpenter by profession, employed in SIP "Planinsko'', Han Pijesak before the war, permanent residence in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak,

9. Zijad Avdagic, of father: Himzo, born in 1962 in Turalici, the municipality of Vlascnica, worker by profession. employed in DP "Stupcanica' Olovo, permanent residencein Nevacka, {he municipality of Han Pijesak,

10. Galib Durakovic, of father Osman, mMevia - maiden name Sanderovic, born 011 August 12, 1945 in Sasevci, the municipality of OJO\lO, coacbrnan by profession, employed in SIP "Planinsko" Han Pijesak, before the war, permanent residence in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak,

II. Hajrudin Glasic, of father Began bam on January S, 1953 in Rubinici, the municlpality of Han Pijesak, worker by profession. employed in SIP "Planmskc", Han Pijesak, before (he war, permanent residencein Rubinici

12. Sernso Harderbasic, of father Hamid, born on January 24. 1939 in Nevacka worker by profes: ion employed in DP "Stupcanica" 010\'0 before the war, permanent residence in Nevacka, the municipality of Han Pijesak,

72

Report aboru ca.~e Sreb,.ellica WJe fitsl partl

13. Ramiz Camdzic, hom in 1938 in Podglavica, the municipality of Kladanj, butcher by profession. permanent. residence in Podglavica, the municipality of KJadanj

14 .. Alija:. Mmapcic, born in 1957. jln Vlasenica, worker by profession.permanent residence in Vlasenica, the "Bacino Brdo" settlement

EVIDENCE: Records on investigation on the spot, with photo- documentation, medical findings, testimonies by witnesses filed with the Committee under No. l36/95-2. Some of the war crimes that are reported to the UN and listed by the case and proof number. All Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

Someof the wareri Illes that are reported to the UN and listed by the 'case and proof number. AU Bosnian Muslim units were from Srcbrenica's operational Muslim Ul111Y group.

DESIGNATION OF CRIM : Deliberat killing of civilians. PLACE AND TIME: The village of Potocani, end of May and beginning of June.t992. BRIEF DESCRIPTIO : At the end of May, 1992, most probably on 25 or 26 May, in the village of Potocani, Muslim soldiers in "Green Beret" uniforms, under command of Semin Rustanpasic, killed the following Serbs:

1. Draga Cavic.of father Nedeljko born in 1933 2. Milenko Lukic. At the beginning of June, the following per ons were also killed in this village: 3" Ljubo Cavic, of father Ljubo, born in 1911, and his wife, 4. Bosa Cavic, of father Aleksa, born in 1924 - slaughtered in frontof their house. A big cross was cut into Ljuba's chest Bo. a's throat was ut, both her breasts w re cut off. her eyes were gouged out and her ear CLIL off. BOtJl her arms were cut to the elbows. 5. Jelena Jovic, of father Milan, born in 1928. Her nose. ears and arms wcr cut off and her eye were gouged. 6. Mara, from Kupres by birth was slaughtered. 7. Radojka Prgomelja, of father St.anoje, born in 1944. Her right leg and nose were cut off her eyes were gouged our and, he wa cut all over (he body"

1 mICA TIO S CO C ~R ING PERPETRATOR:l. Sernin Ru. tanpasic commander of the "Green Beret " unit, 2, Senad Bajric, 3~6 .. ric, Corina, Rizvan and Durakovic, 'Green Beret " s Idiers. EVIDE CE: T timony by the witness 234/95-13.

om of th war crim that are reported to the U . and listed by the case and pr f number, All Bosnian Muslim unit were from Srebreniea's operational Muslim army group.

73

On October 5, 199'2. Moslem armed formations attacked the house of Sreten Djokicin the village of Divovici near Br"atun.ac, and two days later the bodies of the people killed in Divovici were handed over to the Serbs. The 'body of Sreteu Djokic was given without the head and the right arm. On the, neck hung a patch of skinwith hair from the top of his head. The head and the ann, have not been found and the body was buried accordingly., Proof: 37/94-6.,

In anattack 0.11 the Serb v.mage of Brezani, the commune of Srebrenica, on JUII'Ie 30,1!992, members of Moslem armed forces killed 19 serb villagers. The body of Milos Novakovic from the hamlet of Cicevac was found with the head cut off. Proof: 493/94-9. d93/94-S, 493194-6, 493/94~ 7. 493/94-8 and 635/94~9.

Slavko Mladjenovlc, (father Ljubomir), born in 1965! was killed on August 8, 1992 durina an.

- -

auack on the village of Jezestiee, the commune of Bratunac .. He was buried without tbe head

wbic'h had been cut of rand taken away. Proof: 68194 and 635194·28.

Some of the war crimes that are reported tothe UN and listed by the case and proof number, AU Bosnia.n Muslim units were from Srebrenica's operational Muslim army group.

1n clashes between Moslem armed forces and those of the Army of the Republic of Srpska on November 5.1992 in [he area of Karnenica, the commune of Zvornik, the Moslems captured and lined by beheading Vlado Grabovlca, Savo Djoldc, Dragomlr Bozic Slavko Tijanic., Save Kazanovicand RadcmirPavlovic. Dragomir Bozic was massacred his head severed from the body. The head of Slavko Tijanic was found without the 'eyes, ears and nose, a 6 mrn diameter iron bar was found in hIs chest, while his neck, hands and feet were tied with wire. The head of Savo Kazancvic hadalso been cut off, bis chest pierced with 3 large nail, and he himself nailed [0 an oak tree and crucified. A head without the body was also found which is assumed to have belonged to Milos Grabovica. The following were also killed in Kamenica on November ,5.,1992: Miladin Ascetic. 28' Mica Tesic, 24, and Nikola Milinovic 27. They were also beheaded, Proof: 18.4194-5. 184/9.5·,6, 1 84l95-7' and 184/95-8.

Some of the war crimesthat are reported to the UN and. listed by the case and proof number .. AU Bosnian Muslim units were from Srebreniea's operational Muslim army group.

In an attack. carried out on June 3 ~992 on. the village of Brezane, the commune of Srebrenica Moslems killed Milivoje Mitrovicand StaJ:lq~e Mitrovic.When this villag was liberated ill

14

Report abo'" case Srcbret,icCl (the first part)

April L993 their headless bodies were found. Stanoje Mitrovic's throat had been slit by one "Kerno" from Pale. Proof: 635/94·9.

The Moslems killed [he Serb Sredoje Jovanovic from Kmice by beheading him when they atlacked this village on July 5, 1992. Proof: 493/94-13.

On September 24,1992 Moslem forces occupied the village of Podravanje in the commune of Milici, set it to fire, looted it and killed all the wounded they came across in the village. They killed 19 persons on that occasion aod massacred their bodies.

Zul:fo Tursumovic from Suceska had the severelywounded Tomislav Percndic put his bead in his (Tursumovic's) lap and then slaughtered him and cut his head off. Svetozar Jovanovic's head was cut off and impaled on a stake and Gojko Tomic was beheaded and his head thrown some 20 metres away from the body. Proof: 184/95-34.

75

:REPORT OF THE SECRET.ARY·GENERALPURSUANT TO SECURITY COUNCil. RESOLUTION 1019 (199',5) ON VIOLAT(ONS or INTERNATIONAL lIUMANITARIAN LAW IN l'lI'E AREAS OF SltF.8RENICA, ZEl'A,BAN.JrA I_,.UKA

A,ND SANSKI MOST

UNITED NATIONS

Security Council Di.slr. GENERAL S119951988

27 November 1995

ORIGIN AL: ENGLISH

95·37227 (E) 2811951." "'9537227*

A. Mi.ssing persons

4. The Bosnian Serb offensive on Srebrenica from 6 to .11 July 1995100(0

a mass d isplacement of the entire Bosnian Musfimcommunlty of the area. An estimated 25,.000 people were forcibly evacuated on a convoy of buses and trucks organized by the Bosnian Serb amhoritles, A group or people, estimated at between 10.000 and 15.000, most of whom were men, teft Srebreniea on foot. The exact number of persons from these two groups who arrived safely in Bosnian Government-held territory is not known. By most accounts, the local population prior to the Bosnian Serb offensive numbered 38,O()O to 40,0001., although UNHCRestim<liled the population of the enclave for food distribution purposes at 42.,600.

5... Thousands of people stUI remain unaccounted for. All unknown number who made their " .... ay to safery have simply not been registered by the appropriate authorities. At least . evcral hundred persons are believed to have been killed in armed combat. There are also accounts of men in hiding in Bosnian Seth-held territory, aUhough no more than a few hundred men are believed to be stilt at large,

6. It is thus difficult to ascertain (he exact numbers of tho e missing.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (JCRe) has received over 10,000 tracing requests from families and. has determined that 2,000 of the requests are duplicative, leaving a total of 8,000 tracing requests, A further analysis by ICRC indicates that 5,000 of the tracing requests concern individuals who are said to have left the enclave beforeit was

taken by Bosnian Serb forces. Some 3,(}(){) requests concern persons who were taken from their families by Bosnian Serb forces during the expulsion itself.

78

R'eporl (J'liorlt case Srebr~ll>ica (il1e (ir# part)

Faxsimilof document of Bosnlan Muslim Army (8l\'IA)

1.

R.epublic of Bosni41 and. Herzegovina ARMY Of R.. BiH

The 28S.East Bosnian Brigade Zepa

Top secret No.08-20-4S4/95 .

IJ . ate: 19.04.1995.

State secudty

Defense of RcpubUc mllUary secret

Top confldential

HEADQUARTER OF ARJ\.1Y DIRECTION I-OR TACTICAL ACTIVITY

HEAD Of DEPARTMENT Asim Dzambasovie

Connection. with your act, lOp secret No:. 2/628 from 18.04.1.995

Requested informationwe submittmg [0 you:

We are submitting you data of militacyequipment, which ul'i',ived;

ARTICLE

23.500

73.S{)()

Mines 82mm

15

50.000

50

Mines60mm

25

75

100

ZEPA

SREBRENIC/\.

IN TOTOAL

I Bullets cal 7.62

,35

LuncerTP-&

90

124

34

4

Cigareues

Of ike materials

'2

5 1

7

Rockets TF·g

Comandant A\'do Pulic

COMI\'U~NT:

Itis cvidcnUy that Srebreniica, which was Demilitari:r.ation Zone under tile protection of UN was sup,plied b.· weapons and milli~uy cquiptnenL

79

Repol't about cascSrehrCII;ca (tlie first part)

2,

The Republic of Srpska

-Civman Affairs COHlmitt'ce for SJ'lebr,lmica N{I:07·27195

[) a te; July :17 1995

DECLARATION

of the Representatives of the Civilian Authoritie: of the Enclave of Srebrenica on the realization of Ihe agreement on the evacuation of the civilian population of the Enclave.

A meeting was held on July 12 995 in the "Hotel Fontana". on our request, between rep . entarives of our ci vilian Authorities and representatives of the civilian Autborities and the Arl11Y of the Republie of Srpska, concerning the evacuation of our civilien population out of the enclave.

Our side was represented by: Purkovic Camila, Nuhanovic U>I'o., and me, Nasib Mandzic.

The Serb side was represented. by: Civil Affair C mmi ssioner for Srebrenica, Dcronjlc Miroslav, General Ratko Mladic, the President of the country of Bratunac Ljubisav SiI11ic, the Chief Exe 'ulive ofthe country of Bratunac Srhislav Davidovic the Chief of Police Zvomik NIL-. vastc, General Kristic. Corp Security Chief Mr. Popovic and Colonel Krsuc,

The negotations \ ... -ere attended by UNPROFOR Representative, Dutch Battalion Commander.

The following was agreed:

-The civilian population can remain in the enclave or evacuated, depend upon the wish of cnchindivldual;

-I II the event that we wish to evacuate it is possible for us to chose the directiOIl of our movement and have decided that the entire population is to evacuate to the territory fCountry of Klada»]:

-It has been agreed that rheevacuauon is to be carried OUI by the Army and Police of the Rcpubl lc or Srp ka, supervised and escorted b)'UNPROFOR.

Art r the Agreement had been reached. I assent that the evacuation on was carried out by the rb ide CO(recily and the clauses of the agreement had been adhered to.

During the evacuation there were 1100 incidents on either of the sides and the Serh side has adhered to all the regulation of Geneva Conventions and the international war law, as far as concern OIlVOY escorted by UN forces.

UN represeruative ( ignature)

Representative of the Civi,ljan Authoritie ... of the Enclave of

Srebrenica

Mandzic eslb

Civil Affaire Commlsioncr for rebrenica Miroslav D sronjlc

81

Reportah()ltt c(lse Srebrellica (the first pari,

83

1. Muslim mlveyard near Srebrenica.Jn the center of the photo there are two gravestones which do not have names .

..t..

2. Two different gravestone for the same person at til' Muslim Graveyard near Srebrenica,

84

Rim"r! ohoul caSB SrelJTellica (the first parr)

3.

3. One of many Muslim gravestones which appear to have been built recently.

4. Grave tone of Hajra A VDIC (Muslim), being registered as a person who hccame misslng during the fan of robreuica July 1995) ill the 'eRe list under the registration number of BAZ-I06072. A 'cording to the footnote of IeRe Missing List, the data of missing P irson are supposed to be regi tared by their do c relatives who usually know tbe details of the missing per. ons, Thus, it became ·trangc that Hajra's dose relatives did not know that 11 had died b fore tile fall of'Srebrenica.

S. Gravestone' ofH.akija EFJi:NDIC (NlllsUm) nit the Pctocarl Cemetery, ACCQll'diIIg tothe .inscriptionoll thestoue, SakiJa died in 1992. However, hewas listed as a 1.lcrson who became missing dudng tlte irall of Srebrenica in tlte IeRe lVlissin.g List.

,

6" Gravestone of rvlANDZICJusa (Jusuf) (l\fluslhn) hi Petocacl, JlIsu,who bad. died inl 1'992 in Potocarl before tbe faUor Srebrenlea, is fisted as a person who became .m;issin.g at Petoeati during she fa~1 of Srebrenicu in {eRe Missing List ullder the l·,cgistr.ltion number of BAZ .. 9tJ6268. Although Ute gravestone indieatesthe yenr of his birth as J951, {be missing .list. shows 1938 as the year of bil.'{h wiUlOut specifyhlg theexactdate, J udging from thL, it _ cents that somehody other tball iVIANDIC:s close relativesgace the data

86

RCpOH about case Srebrellica (Jlw tirst piue)

8'

7,8. Normal gravestone of the Muslim soldiers with the in. crihed detalls such as tile name of the dead, the date of the birth and the death the names of the close relatives. The Muslim soldiers under these gravestones are nor listed a missing persons in IeRe Missing List,

9. '1\ 0 nam . of -iu. lims who died in 1993 are seen Oll tile gravestone. As for Elvedin M LAGle could b e Elvir M Gle who i regi tered as a persson became missing durlng the fan of Srebreni '~l in the IeR list uncle.' the rcglstration number UA.z- 901466 H ~ ! lvir isa n iekname for ·Ivedin. Beer u col' in sufficient datain the IR Ii t, . . itcannot be cuntlrm d ""heth r .J odin and EI" ir ar the identical per. 011.

87

10. Town of Karakaj

-_

~ fl.

11. Pr.imary school in Karakaj, JC'ry's indictment against Mladic and Karadzic said that thousands of Mushsn soldiers were detained in this school and its adjacent sports han, and continued to say that a large number of them were killed in this school complex. HOl ever the school does n(ll have any sports halls. Moreover, judging from the size of the school complex, there are 1)0 space that could accommodate thousands or people in this school.

88

Report abDlltc4'fi! Srebrelfica (IUe first part)

12 .• lVlir.ko REBIC, Mayor of City of Zvornik. (where Kairakaiis situated), dail'ned that 'there were ne massive kiUiugs, cx.CCUtiODS or even ,combaits in or arouud Karakajduring the fall er Srebrenica,

13. Primary school in Karaka].

13.

89

14. School record of the studen:C$ who were attendingelasses ill the period wheu Muslim soldiers were aneg;cdly lUassacl'~diu the school during the :faUof Srebreniea,

15,. Nedo VASIC (t948). Principal of Itbe school, ~'I(plai.ned that the students were studying normally in :thedassrooms during the period when .Muslim seldlerswere allegedly massacred in the school complex,

90

1iIII--a=::::::== 16· , 16·]8. School record which shows the daily attendanee of the students who were at classes during June • July 1995.

Report ahout case S,oehr/mitt, (the firJt part)

91

19. C .. -eta BLAGOJEVIC (1947), a next door neighbor of the school, diduot know even tile fuCllil<lt. the school. was consldered as aquestlenable site fur the massacre of Musl.im soldic!l"s during the faU of Srebreniea, Althougl:1 she said that she had seen h~ucks tnms~ portilllg peeple to Kladaa], sbe had never heard or seen a large number otpersous detaillcd or kiUed in the sehool in her next-doer.

92

Report abom cost! ,~r'l1bl'mica (tIre firsl parl)

2,0 Vicw ·ofMali Zvorl1ik in Serbia from Karakaj .io Bosnia (Repu.b.lic of Srpska) across the River Drlna, The mosque is seen .8t the eent,er of tke phot.o ..

21. View of Kar.akaj fro.m M,ali Z\ronlikacross the RJver Drina,

22. View of lVhd.i Z\'ol'uikin Serbia from Karakaj in Bosnia (Republic of Srpska) across UI.C Ri\'cr Drlna, The mosque is seen at the eenter of t.h.c photo

93

23~2S. "'"0 ~ fuslim w men' 110 live ncar the 010 qu in Mali 7,Yornik across the river f:rom araka]. They said that th . bad seen the trucks transporting many people but. added that the' had not bcr r any Ilo()ting sound duringthe fall of r· hrenica, Me

94

Reporlllhmil ta,~e.~relmJllictl (the (irs( plIF/}

that Mali Zvorntk is so close that theycoutd have heard something iu the case of shootings of' thousands of Muslim soldiers.

---

26. The man at the rigllt is Milan MJHAJLOVIC (1946) the school caretaker who was Ihing and working in the school in the period of June - August 1995.

9.

27. The road that most of the Muslim troops used in escaping from Srebrenica to Konjevic Polje~ Nova Kasaba, Cerska, and flDaUy Kladanj or Tuzla under thecontrel of M.US)!~l Inmt.'Jr~ forces.

~- .. "'"

96

97

28,29,30,31;32 Personal belollgings o:flV.I:uslim·oldiers whicb appeared to have been thrown 3"\'3Y on the road (Photo 27). Most oftbe lVluslimtroops were Deicing from Srebrenica ",'bile fighting., Inside of the gas maskwere an identity card of Rizah BEGOVIC (198"'),:il, MuAilfl1:. oidier, and a drivers' license ot' AJj:a BEGOVIC (1945). Botb 0,1' them were fl' m Srebrenlcaaod neitber of them were regist.crcdas persons missing during tl11'C faU of Srebl"llmica in, the feR.. Ii t, This kind of pe~rsoDa~ be1o.ngings were often used b. r jour-nan. tsand foreign o,alli7.aUons asevidences for tbe deaeh .of the holder urtbe identification card in !U3SS IdlUngs.

98

ReptJrt (wortl case S"cfmmica {the fir:~t parl)

33. Cmi Vrh,.wltich is situated ncar Kon.ie,ricPolje. During the fall of Srebreniea, alm.ost 100 Serbian soildiers of Rcpubli.c of Srpska Army were killed ill. the t1erce combat with Muslim ~orceswlJi,ch fled Srebre:ni.ca. Majority of Tvluslim soldiers succeeded to break the Serblan soldiers' line .o·r Republic 01' Srpsk", HuweY(!,r" taking into considers ... tlon the number .of thekUled Serbian soldiers who had go,od weapens andwere waitillg for l'vloslilli soldiers" tile Muslim forces l1ce~ng Srebrenica must, have suffered, 800 .. 1000 deaths (esthnate) 01' soldiers in the combat,

, I

35. Mountain read near Crni Yrh, BOlles of' the ptU'SOIlS k.illed in the t!ombats heve been oft a found even receatly, Inescapiug frem Srebrenica, Muslim: soldiers '\\'.110 w8U1t,ed to eoatinue figilltin 1 fongbtaga!int MusUm soldi.ers WI:10 wanted to ;~urrendcf'. EnzabcUIL REHN (thcn . pedal envoy ofl N Human rights?) came here and witnessed that 'the dead bodies o·f l\luslim soldier, and 01cir weapons were locatedas such a 'way of i.indiica.ting a mutual fightiing" The Dutch soldiers ol' UNPROFORconfi:rmed the inefdent. en

99

I ,.' I

. .

36,37. Building and houses which used to bclung to the Serbs ill Sarajcvu before the

war. At pro: nt 1u Hills from Srebreuica and it surrounding areas occupies those acconuuedations.

100