INTERNSHIP REPORT
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
INTRODUCTION:
My name is Rimsha Tariq. I am currently doing BS electrical engineering from
UET Taxila. I want to get higher education and a well reputed job. I want to
achieve all my goals and targets and I really want to serve my country.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION: ........................................................................................................................................ 2
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: .......................................................................................................................... 4
2 ABSTRACT:............................................................................................................................................. 5
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 6
4 GRID AND THE SUB STATION: ............................................................................................................... 6
5 DEFINITION OF SUB-STATION : ............................................................................................................. 6
6 ABOUT THE GRID STATION: .................................................................................................................. 6
7 EQUIPMENT OF GRID STATION : ........................................................................................................... 7
8 HANDING OVER/ TAKING OVER SHIFT: ............................................................................................... 11
8.1 NIGHT SHIFT: ............................................................................................................................... 11
8.2 MORNING SHIFT:......................................................................................................................... 11
8.3 EVENING SHIFT:........................................................................................................................... 11
9 NAME PLATES:..................................................................................................................................... 12
10 BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS: .............................................................................................................. 22
11 PERCENTAGE LOSSES: ..................................................................................................................... 23
12 11KV EVENT MESSAGE: ................................................................................................................... 24
13 132KV MESSAGE BOOK (EVENT MESSAGE) .................................................................................... 24
14 PERMIT TO WORK ........................................................................................................................... 25
Blank: ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
15 PERMIT TO WORK (PTW) FILLED: .................................................................................................... 26
16 FORM OF RECEIPTS ......................................................................................................................... 27
17 CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE ................................................................................................................ 27
18 CANCELLATION................................................................................................................................ 27
19 BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS: .............................................................................................................. 28
20 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE .............................................................................................................. 29
21 IEC STANDARDS:.............................................................................................................................. 32
22 REFRENCES: ..................................................................................................................................... 43
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
First of all I would like to thank Allah, who blessed me with the ability and wisdom to complete
this project. Especially thanks to IESCO who provided me an opportunity of enhancing my
professional experience and the members and especially workers, that they have cooperated
with me so well. My report will remain incomplete if I don’t mention the sincere efforts
of those gentlemen who helped and guided me in completion of my internship and this report.
First of all I want to thank ALLAH Almighty; I also want to thank my worthy teachers the main
source of enlightenment of our minds and the development of natural potentials, then I’m
thankful to the staff who cooperated with me and I become able to do this work.
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2 ABSTRACT:
The present day electrical power system is ac i.e electricity is generated, transmitted and
distributed in the form of alternating current. the electric power is at favorable places,
generally quit away from through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many
place in the line of the power system, it may be desirable and necessary to change some
characteristic (e.g. voltage, ac to dc, frequency, pf etc.) of electric supply. This is accomplished
by suitable apparatus called substation. For example, generation voltage (15.7KV, 11KV or
6.6KV) at the power station is stepped up to high voltage (say 400KV, 220KV or 132KV) for
transmission of electric power. The assembly of apparatus (e.g. transformer etc.) used for this
purpose is the substation. Similarly, near the consumers localities, the voltage may have to be
stepped down to utilization level. this job is again accomplished by a suitable apparatus called
substation. yet at some places in the line of the power system, it may be desirable to convert
large quantities of ac power to dc power e.g. for traction, electroplating, dc motor etc. this job
is again performed by suitable apparatus (e.g. ignitron) called substation.it clear that type of
equipment needed in a substation will depend upon the service requirement. Although there
can be several types of substations, we shall mainly confine our attention to only those
substations where the incoming and outgoing supplies are ac i.e. substations which change the
voltage level of the electrical supply.
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3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
An electrical grid station is an interconnection point between two transmission ring circuits, often
between two geographic regions. They might have a transformer, depending on the possibly different
voltages, so that the voltage levels can be adjusted as needed. Grid station regulates and controls the
power between interconnected transmission lines to increase the reliability of the power system. It
receive power from the power station at extremely high voltage and then convert these voltage to some
low levels and supplied electric power to the sub stations or to other grid stations at the same voltage
level according to the requirements. National grid system of Pakistan contains an interconnected group
of transmission lines in a ring system. It covers most of the power stations of the country in this single
ring and supplied electric power to the different areas of the country. Main function of the grid station is
switching between the connected line stations and the load centers. The electric power is produce at
the power station, which are located at favorable places, generally quite away from the consumers. It is
delivered to the consumer through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many place in
the line of power system, it may be desirable and necessary to change some characteristic ( e.g. Voltage,
ac to dc, frequency p.f. etc.) of electric supply. This is accomplished by suitable apparatus called sub-
station for example, generation voltage(11kv or 6.6kv) at the power station is stepped up to high voltage
(Say220kv to 132kv) for transmission of electric power. Similarly near the consumer’s localities, the
voltage may have to be stepped down to utilization level. This job is again accomplished by suitable
apparatus called sub-station.
An electrical grid station is an interconnection point between two transmission ring circuits, often
between two geographic regions. They might have a transformer, depending on the possibly different
voltages, so that the voltage levels can be adjusted as needed.
The interconnected network of sub stations is called the grid, and may ultimately represent an entire
multi-state region. In this configuration, loss of a small section, such as loss of a power station, does
not impact the grid as a whole, nor does it impact the more localized neighborhoods, as the grid simply
shifts its power flow to compensate, giving the power station operator the opportunity to effect repairs
without having a blackout.
5 DEFINITION OF SUB-STATION :
“The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics (e.g Voltage level, freq, p.f. etc) of
electric supply is called sub-station”
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incoming control panel. There is also a capacitor bank for power factor increase. While at the end we
have incoming and outgoing feeder for the distribution of power supply to the consumers. The
protection equipements are installed according to the requirement of grid station.
v. BUSBAR:
Busbar is a metallic strip or bar, used for local high current power distribution. They are also used
to connect high voltage equipment at electrical switchyards, and low voltage equipment in battery
banks.
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vii. TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or
more circuits through electromagnetic induction. A varying current in one coil of the transformer
produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or
"voltage" in a second coil. Power can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic
connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described this
effect. Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power
applications. The power transformer used in this grid station is 132kv to 11 kv stepdown
transformer.
PARTS OF TRANSFORMER:
BUCHOLZ RELAY:
The Buchholz Relay is a protective device container housed over the connecting pipe from the
main tank to the conservator tank. It is used to sense the faults occurring inside the transformer. It
is a simple relay that is operated by the gases emitted during the decomposition of transformer oil
during internal faults. It helps in sensing and protecting the transformer from internal faults.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
necessary that the air entering the tank is moisture-free. The transformer's breather is a cylindrical
container that is filled with silica gel. When the atmospheric air passes through the silica gel of the
breather, the air's moisture is absorbed by the silica crystals. The breather acts like an air filter for
the transformer and controls the moisture level inside a transformer. It is connected to the end of
breather pipe.
CONSERVATOR TANK:
The conservator conserves the transformer oil. It is an airtight, metallic, cylindrical drum that is
fitted above the transformer. The conservator tank is vented to the atmosphere at the top, and the
normal oil level is approximately in the middle of the conservator to allow the oil to expand and
contract as the temperature varies. The conservator is connected to the main tank inside the
transformer, which is completely filled with transformer oil through a pipeline.
RADIATORS:
Cooling tubes are used to cool the transformer oil. The transformer oil is circulated through the
cooling tubes. The circulation of the oil may either be natural or forced. In natural circulation,
when the temperature of the oil rises the hot oil naturally rises to the top and the cold oil sinks
downward. Thus, the oil naturally circulates through the tubes. In forced circulation, an external
pump is used to circulate the oil.
TAP CHANGER:
The output voltage of transformers varies according to its input voltage and the load. During loaded
conditions, the voltage on the output terminal decreases, whereas during off-load conditions the
output voltage increases. To balance the voltage variations, tap changers are used. Tap changers
can be either on-load tap changers or off-load tap changers. In an on-load tap changer, the tapping
can be changed without isolating the transformer from the supply. In an off-load tap changer, it is
done after disconnecting the transformer. Automatic tap changers are also available.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
Capacitor banks are used to improve the power factor of the power system. They are connected in
parallel to the system. They are also used for voltage stability and reduction in system losses, hence
increasing the power transmission capability.
ix. FEEDER:
These are the conductors which are of large current carrying capacity. The feeders connect the
substation to the area where power is to be finally distributed to the consumers. No tapings are
taken from the feeders. The feeder current always remain constant. The voltage drop along the
feeder is compensated by compounding the generator.
x. RELAYS:
A relay is a low-powered device used to activate a high-powered device. Relays are used to trigger
circuit breakers and other switches in substations and transmission and distribution systems when
any fault occur.
DIFFERENTIAL RELAY:
It is used to protect generators, transformers. If relay operate on one pulse all three circuit breakers
are opened.
IMPEDANCE RELAY:
It is usually used for protection of lines from fault. It is also called as distance relay as it is operated
depending upon the impedance of line.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
9 NAME PLATES:
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
CT 1& CT 3 CT 2
Function Thermal image For AVR
Terminals S1-S2 S1-S2
Ratio 300 / 2A 300 / 5A
Burden 10 VA 10 VA
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
Separate source power frequency test voltage, H.V. winding KV rms 275
Figure 1TRANSFORMER
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
23 11 115.8 194.39
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
PEL
Pak Elektron Limited Lahore Pakistan
Type WPV-25-0
Standard IESCO 298 WAPDA P-
44:96
Frequency 50 Hz
Rated voltage 12KV
System voltage 11 KV
Insulation level 36/95 KV
Current rating of breaker 630 A/25KA (1-sec)
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
PEL
Pak Elektron Limited Lahore Pakistan
Type WPV-25-1
Standard IEC298 WAPDA P-44:96
Frequency 50 Hz
Rated voltage 12KV
System voltage 11 KV
Insulation level 36/95 KV
Current rating of breaker 2500A/25KA (1-sec)
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
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BUS COUPLER:
Johnson and Phillips
Type WPV-25-C
Standard IEC 298 WAPDA P-
44:96
Frequency 50 Hz
Rated voltage 12KV
System voltage 11 KV
Insulation level 36/95 KV
Current rating of breaker 2500A/25KA (1-sec)
Contract No ADB-IECSCO/PMU-
01/2009
Serial No 6902/01
Op. Instruct. Book
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
Dated 16/12/2009
10 BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS:
No of cells 55
Dated 3/3/2010
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
11 PERCENTAGE LOSSES:
Sr. no Unit received Unit sent out Difference %age losses
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
It is stated that today on date 19-05-19 at 09-20 Hrs. a PTW no 99 issued to Mr. Rooh-Ul-Amin
line FM for maintenance at T/Line and tree trimming and broken disc replace on “Y-phase” at
L.No.16. Jumpers tighten at L.No.16 at “RYB” phase jumpers tighten at terminal towers other
PTW no.96 issued to Mr. Baksh Shah AFM maintenance S/Division ISD on 132KV C.B ISD-3 for
cleaning the HT Bushes. C.T and all moving parts were lubricated with oil and grease. All the nut
bolts of the jumpers checked and retightened.
PTW.96 issued at 09:25 to 11:15 Hrs. All operation carried out by the instruction of RCC Mr.
Bilal S/Engineer ISD
The PTW no.99 cancelled at 14:20 Hrs. and system normalized at 14:30 Hrs.
C.C
SE GSO ISD
XEN SS&TL ISD
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
14 PERMIT TO WORK
Blank:
PEPCO PTW no. 116 issued on 11KV O/G feeder I-8/2 for the removal of P/fault sub division I-9
issued to_____________ .
It is safe to work on the following apparatus which is dead, Isolated form all live conductors,
and is earthed. All other parts dangerous.
to earth. ____________________________________________
Shift Engineer.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
PEPCO PTW no. 116 issued on 11KV O/G feeder I-8/2 for the removal of P/fault sub division I-9
issued to Saleem shahid .
It is safe to work on the following apparatus which is dead, Isolated form all live conductors,
and is earthed. All other parts dangerous.
it is safe to work.
to earth.
Shift Engineer.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
16 FORM OF RECEIPTS
Note:
This form after signed for the work proposed must be retained by the authorized person in the
charge of the work until the work is suspended or completed.
17 CLEARANCE CERTIFICATE
NOTE: The apparatus mentioned hereon must not be again made live until this form has been
signed and returned by the authorized person in charge of the work. In the cases where more
than one gang of men are working on the same apparatus the authorized persons in the charge
of the work.
I hereby declare that all men under my charge have been withdraw and warned that it is
mo longer safe to work on the apparatus specified on this form and that gear tools, temporary
earth and other connections are all clear leaving that portions of the apparatus upon which
may men have been working ready for putting in to commission.
Signed by _____________ designation____________
Authorized person. In charge of the work. All switchgear keys returned.
Time:___________ Date:__________
18 CANCELLATION
I hereby declare this form cancelled. All switchgear keys received back.
Signed by
Shift Engineer T.P.S
Time ___________ Date __________
This form duly completed, must be forwarded for record at once to the Engineer according to whose
instruction the apparatus was made dead and earthed.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
19 BATTERY SPECIFICATIONS:
No of cells 55
Dated 3/3/2010
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
20 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Lightening
arrestor
readings
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
CIRCUIT Oil level Earth Operating Overhauli Major After 10 Rated pressure at
BREAKERS check connection mechanism ng of over heavy halt 200oC
SF6 tightness adjustment vacuum hauling trips oil, be
pressure Oil DES breakers of SF6 checked Oil level be as per
check test & SF6 gas & oil indicator
breakers vacuum Oil DES test
Visual Operation circuit Ground
inspection test breakers connections be
intact
Ground Contact
check resistance No damage in
test operating
mechanism
Timing test
Operating
mechanism
adjustment contact
resistance closing
& tripping timing
be as per
manufacturer
specification
DES>50kV for
2.5mm gap
RECTIFIER AND Ventilation Cleaning of High & Replacem Replace Applying In capacity test
BATTERY check rectifier low voltage ent of ment of anti-corrosive voltage should be
test battery battery Vaseline to all greater than 1.8 V
terminals
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
C.T AND P.T Oil level Dust Insulation Oil leakage No damage be left
check removal & resistance attending unattempted
Visual cleaning test
inspection
Ground Busbar Attending Oil level must be
connection connection accidental as per oil indicator
check damages
Different
equipment &
working be shown
to whole working
staff
LIGHTNING Visual Earth Busbar No damage should
ARRESTORS inspection resistance connection be prevailed
measuring & check
Counter dust removal
readings Thermovision
survey must be
Ground conduct for busbar
connections
No dust is allowed
on the porcelain of
LA to avoid
damage
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
21 IEC STANDARDS:
Device number 1—master element
A device, such as a control switch, etc., that serves, either directly or through such
permissive devices as protective and time-delay relays, to place equipment in or out of
operation.
Device number 2—time-delay starting or closing relay
A device that functions to give a desired amount of time delay before or after
any point of operation in a switching sequence or protective relay system, except as specifically
provided by device functions 4 8, 62, 79, and 82.
Device number 3—checking or interlocking relay
A device that operates in response to the position of one or more other devices or
predetermined conditions in a piece of equipment or circuit, to allow an operating sequence to
proceed, or to stop, or to provide a check of the position of these devices or conditions for any
purpose.
Device number 4—master contactor
A device, generally controlled by device function l or the equivalent and the
required permissive and protective devices, that serves to make and break the necessary
control circuits to place equipment into operation under the desired conditions and to take it
out of operation under abnormal conditions.
Device number 5—stopping device
A control device used primarily to shut down equipment and hold it out of
operation. [This device may be manually or electrically actuated, but it excludes the function of
electrical lockout (see device function 86) on abnormal conditions.]
Device number 6—starting circuit breaker
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A device that serves to control or make and break the equalizer or the current balancing
connections for a machine field, or for regulating equipment, in a multi-unit installation.
Device number 23—temperature control device
A device that functions to control the temperature of a machine or other apparatus, or of
any medium, when its temperature falls below or rises above a predetermined value.
Device number 24—volts per Hertz relay
A device that operates when the ratio of voltage to frequency is above a preset value or is
below a different preset value. The relay may have any combination of instantaneous or time-
delayed characteristics.
Device number 25—synchronizing or synchronism-check relay
A synchronizing device that produces an output that causes closure of a circuit breaker
between two circuits whose voltages are within prescribed limits of magnitude, phase angle,
and frequency. It may or may not include voltage or speed control. A synchronism-check relay
permits the paralleling of two circuits that are within prescribed (usually wider) limits of
voltage magnitude, phase angle, and frequency.
Device number 26—apparatus thermal device
A device that functions when the temperature of the protected apparatus (other
than the load-carrying windings of machines and transformers as covered by device function
number 49), or that of a liquid or other medium, exceeds a predetermined value; or when the
temperature of the protected apparatus or that of a liquid or other medium, exceeds a
predetermined value or decreases below a predetermined value.
Device number 27—undervoltage relay
A device that operates when its input voltage is less than a predetermined value.
Device number 28—flame detector
A device that monitors the presence of the pilot or main flame in such apparatus
as a gas turbine or a steam boiler.
Device number 29—isolating contactor or switch
A device that is used expressly for disconnecting one circuit from another for the
purposes of emergency operation, maintenance, or testing.
Device number 30—annunciator relay
A nonautomatically reset device that gives a number of separate visual indications
upon the functioning of protective devices and that may also be arranged to perform a lockout
function.
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
A device that returns the equipment to the normal or off position and locks it out
if the normal starting, operating, or stopping sequence is not properly completed within a
predetermined time.
Device number 49—machine or transformer thermal relay
A device that functions when the temperature of a machine armature winding or other load-
carrying winding or element of a machine or power transformer exceeds a predetermined value.
Device number 50—instantaneous overcurrent relay
A device that operates with no intentional time delay when the current exceeds
a preset value. The suffix TD should be used (e.g., 50TD) to describe a definite time overcurrent
function. Use 50BF for a current monitored breaker failure function.
Device number 51—ac inverse time overcurrent relay
A device that functions when the ac input current exceeds a predetermined value,
and in which the input current and operating time are inversely related through a substantial
portion of the performance range.
Device number 52—ac circuit breaker
A device that is used to close and interrupt an ac power circuit under normal
conditions or to interrupt this circuit under fault or emergency conditions.
Device number 53—field excitation relay
A device that forces the dc machine field excitation to build up during starting or
that functions when the machine voltage has built up to a given value.
Device number 54—turning gear engaging device
A device either electrically operated, controlled, or monitored that functions to
cause the turning gear to engage (or disengage) the machine shaft.
Device number 55—power factor relay
A device that operates when the power factor in an ac circuit rises above or falls below
a predetermined value.
Device number 56—field application relay
A device that automatically controls the application of the field excitation to a
synchronous ac motor at some predetermined point in the slip cycle.
Device number 57—short-circuiting or grounding device
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132KV GSS I-8 ISLAMABAD
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22 REFRENCES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission
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