Eduvala, Micaela

Cadavida, Omna
Meria, Fredrick Jerard
Noblejas, Iana Patricia Camille
Palomar, Florence
Torres, Larren Kyle Dela Cruz

Anthropogenic Impact
● Referred to anything that results directly or indirectly from human activities and/or
influence.
Answer: Anthropogenic includes changes to ​biophysical environments and ​ecosystems​,
biodiversity​, and ​natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans, including
global warming​,​ environmental degradation​.

* root anthro- person involved

* Greek anthropogenes, meaning ​"born of man”
- refers to any changes in nature that are caused by people

● It is the study of interactions between non-living and living components in the

environment.
Answer: Ecology
- the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical
environment
- studied at many levels:
· Ecosystem- all of the living and nonliving factors in an environment
· Biosphere- consists of the regions on earth that can support life.
· Community- all of the species living in a given area
· Population- group of one species living in a given area
· Organism-Anything that meets all of the characteristics of life is

ECOLOGY IN ACTION:
Ecology isn't just about species-rich forests, pristine wilderness, or scenic
vistas, though. It could also be about finding cockroaches living under your bed,
mold growing in your shower, or even fungus creeping in between your toes.
* Core goal of ecology:
to understand the distribution and abundance of living things in the
physical environment.
*These patterns in nature are driven by interactions among organisms as well
as between organisms and their physical environment.

● The following are direct impacts on ecology except

Answer: Acid rain
 Deforestation, Agricultural practices and excavation are all direct impacts of
humans on ecology, while acid rain is an indirect impact. When we say indirect impact, it
is the impact of one organism or species on another, mediated or transmitted by a third.
Acid rain is an example which is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually
acidic. It is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with
the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. Although humans have a role
on why this happens, they don’t directly cause acid rain.

● The following are indirect impacts on the environment except

Answer: Urbanization
Ozone depletion, acid rain and greenhouse effect are all indirect impacts while
urbanization is a direct impact. When we say direct impact, it is the impact of one
individual on another when not mediated or transmitted through a third individual.
Urbanization is an example. It is the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in
urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. It is
predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as
more people begin living and working in central areas.

Ozone Depletion
-gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release
of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other
human activities.

Greenhouse effect
- process that occurs when gases in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat.

● The average global temperature on Earth has increased by about _______ since 1880.
Answer: 0.8%

The World is getting warmer. A study by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC). Proves it is because of Human Influence. Since the Industrial
Revolution, thermometer readings from around the world have risen. But why should we
be concerned with a number so small? In reality this isn’t a small number at all. This is
the average of the entire surface of the planet. Local temperature (weather affected) is
different from Global temperature (energy from the sun). It’s still big because it takes a
lot of heat to warm the bodies of water, the land and the atmosphere. To put things into
perspective, a 1 degree to 2 degree drop could plunge the earth into an ice age and 5
degree could bury most of North America in towering ice.

● Question: The introduction of contaminants that causes instability,harm or discomfort to

the ecosystem.
Answer: Pollution
 Pollution can take form of chemical substances or energy (noise,heat,light). Pollutants
are the elements of pollution. Foreign substances,energies,contaminants (natural
occurances that exceed normal levels)

● Question: Worldwide, bad outdoor air caused an estimated________premature deaths

in 2016.
Answer: 4.2 Million

Air Pollution is a mix of particles and gases that reach harmful concentrations. It’s
pollutants to name a few are soot,smoke,mold,pollen,methane and carbon dioxide. It is
also proven to increase the rates of cancer, heart disease, stroke and respiratory
diseases.

● It is estimated that humans have modified greater than _____ of Earth’s land surface.
Answer: 50%

Kaliwa Dam- Kaliwa Watershed is home to various threatened wildlife such as the
Endangered Northern Philippine Hawk-eagle, the Philippine Brown Deer, the Philippine
Warty Pig, the Vulnerable Northern Rufous Hornbill, the Critically Endangered Philippine
Eagle, and restricted-range birds of the Luzon Endemic Bird Area, all of which are found
nowhere else on the planet, the environmental group noted.

● It is the removal of a forest where the land is thereafter converted to a non-forest use.
Answer: Deforestation

The country's biodiversity is considered one of the richest in the world. But it is
also among the most threatened. The Philippines is losing approximately 47,000 hectares
of forest cover every year, according to the data provided by the Forest Management
Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. In 2003, the country’s
forests comprised 7.2 million hectares. But in 2010, forest cover went down by 4.6
percent or about 6.8 million hectares.

● In 2017, the world population reached up to ____.

Answer: 7.53 billion

The Commission on Population (PopCom) estimates that there will be 108,885,096

Filipinos by December 31, 2019. Based on the latest projections, country's population is
expected to jump to 142 million by 2045, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

● He described the level of human population as a multiplier of all other environmental

problems?
Answer: David Attenborough
 David Attenborough is an English broadcaster and historian who is known in
writing the nine natural history series that talks about the comprehensive survey about
the environment, animals, and plants.
The natural world which Sir David has spent a lifetime explaining and defending
is under unbearable pressure from human population and activity and is now undergoing
what scientists are calling the Sixth Mass Extinction.

● Sector with largest contribution of greenhouse gases.

Answer: Electricity and Heat Production

The Electricity and Heat production is the sector that contributes largest amount of
greenhouse gases. There is an increasing demand to burn more fossil fuels to produce
more electricity because of the growing population of humans on Earth. Parts of the
solution are building solar power plants, windmill power plants, tidal power plants and
many more.

● Endemic species of sardine in the Philippines that was proclaimed endangered.

Answer: Tawilis

The Tawilis, a freshwater sardine, is an endemic species in the Taal Lake. There are
three main factors as why the species became endangered. The overexploitation is one
reason, the tawilis is a known delicacy in the towns around Taal Lake the high demand
lead to overfishing of the said species. Low levels of dissolved oxygen had also been
monitored due to drop of temperatures of the lake which lead to fish kills. The
introduction of other types of fishes was also a factor why the population of Tawilis
declined, it presented competition for food and also some types of introduced fishes
predates on Tawilis.

● ON GIANT CLAMS:
Question: Who is the government official who said that he “will not go to war over giant
clams”?
Answer: Teddy Locsin Jr.

More than the issue on sovereignty and encroachment of territory, the

controversial tweet of Teddy Locsin shows how dismally he fails to see the big picture.
It's about the clams. Giant clams promote reef biodiversity because they serve as a
natural habitat for various marine life. The clams also provide food for over 70 reef
creatures, including fish like the wrasse, triggerfish and pufferfish. Giant clams are a
source of calcium carbonate, the material that builds the reef framework and this helps in
mitigating ocean acidification. What happens when giant clams disappear? This will
threaten marine biodiversity which will result to food insecurity in the region.
 ● CONSERVATION: Protecting Natural Resources from loss or harm, and limiting our use
of energy and resources

Conservation primarily means the proper use of energy and resources to avoid
wastage. It is the efficient management and use of resources that will ensure that energy
and resources will be sufficient to meet all needs for a long time. Conservation
acknowledges that Man rely heavily on his environment and that he has unlimited needs.
Conservation acknowledges as well that resources are finite and that there needs to be
a limit to resource consumption. Thus conservation is a strategy to make sure that we
protect the environment that provides for humans to thrive.
See: ​https://www.conservation.org/Pages/default.aspx

"There are many ways in which we are destroying the planet. And once we understand,
once we care, then we have something to do.” - Jane Goodall

The​ KAHOOT! QUIZ ​that we made can be accessed here:

https://create.kahoot.it/share/anthropogenic-impact/f17178a6-52df-4fce-882c-d13251ddf141

VIDEO:​ ​ANTHROPOCENE: THE AGE OF HUMAN IMPACT ON EARTH

References:

Acciona. (2017). ​Anthropocene: the age of human impact on Earth | Sustainability [​ Video]
Retrieved from ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0VRB-PltrE​.

Li, T. C. (May 2015). Giant clams: Reef builders and shapers.​ TSOL - Environment. ​Retrieved
from ​https://www.star2.com/living/2015/05/04/giant-clams-reef-builders-and-shapers/​.

Mason, M. (2018). What is Conservation? Defining Conservationism. ​Conservation: History and

Future​. Retrieved from ​https://www.environmentalscience.org/conservation​.