DAFTAR ISI

halaman
Halaman Judul ................................................................................................. i
Halaman Pengesahan ...................................................................................... ii
Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................ iii
Daftar Isi ........................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... vi
Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................. vii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan ...................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Batasan Masalah ....................................................................................... 4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 5
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. 5

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................... 7

2.1 Air Limbah Domestik ............................................................................ 7

2.2 Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik ......................................................... 11
2.3 Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik ......................................................... 11
2.3.1 Pengolahan Air Limbah Berdasarkan Tingkatannya ............................. 11
2.3.2 Pemilihan Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik............................ 12
2.4 Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah ........................................................ 13
2.4.1 Pengolahan Fisik .................................................................................... 13
2.4.2 Pengolahan Kimia .................................................................................. 23
2.4.3 Pengolahan Biologi ................................................................................ 24
2.4.3.1 Kolam Stabilisasi ................................................................................... 25
2.4.3.2 Lumpur Aktif ......................................................................................... 31
2.4.3.3 Reaktor Biologis Putar (Rotating Biological Contactor, RBC) ............ 38
2.4.3.4 Biofilter .................................................................................................. 39
2.4.4 Unit Pengering Lumpur.................................................. ....................... 42
2.5 Perhitungan Timbulan Air Limbah Domestik ....................................... 43
2.5.1 Proyeksi Pertumbuhan Penduduk Terlayani .......................................... 43
2.5.2 Perhitungan Debit Air Limbah Domestik .............................................. 45
2.5.3 Perhitungan Debit Puncak Harian .......................................................... 47
2.6 Faktor-Faktor Pemilihan Teknologi IPAL ............................................. 47
2.7 Gambaran Umum Lokasi Pra-Rancangan.............................................. 49
2.7.1 Gambaran Umum Kota Samarinda ........................................................ 49
2.7.2 Gambaran Umum Air Limbah Kota Samarinda .................................... 50
2.7.3 Gambaran Umum Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu ....................................... 51
2.8 Penelitian Terdahulu .............................................................................. 54

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BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN.................................................................... 58

3.1 Diagram Alir Pra-Rancangan ................................................................. 58

3.2 Tahap Persiapan ..................................................................................... 58
3.2.1 Ide Studi ................................................................................................. 58
3.2.2 Studi Literatur ........................................................................................ 58
3.3 Tahapan Pengumpulan Data .................................................................. 60
3.3.1 Pengumpulan Data Primer ..................................................................... 60
3.3.1.1 Pengambilan dan Analisis Kualitas Air Limbah.................................... 60
3.3.2 Pengumpulan Data Sekunder ................................................................. 61
3.4 Pengolahan Data .................................................................................... 62
3.4.1 Pengolahan Data Primer......................................................................... 62
3.4.2 Pengolahan Data Sekunder .................................................................... 64
3.5 Analisis Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik Komunal ........ 65
3.5.1 Alternatif Teknologi IPAL Domestik Komunal 1 ................................. 65
3.5.2 Alternatif Teknologi IPAL Domestik Komunal 2 ................................. 66
3.5.3 Alternatif Teknologi IPAL Domestik Komunal 3 ................................. 67
3.6 Pembahasan dan Analisas ...................................................................... 67
3.7 Waktu dan Tempat Perencanaan ............................................................ 70

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 71

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Baku Mutu Air Limbah Domestik ................................................................. 11

Tabel 2.2 Perbandingan Off System dan On System Menurut Pedoman Pengolahan Air
Limbah ........................................................................................................................ 13
Tabel 2.3 Kriteria Desain Bar Screen ............................................................................. 15
Tabel 2.4 Faktor Bentuk Kisi .......................................................................................... 15
Tabel 2.5 Kriteria Teknis Perencanaan Unit Bak Pengendapan Pasir ............................ 17
Tabel 2.6 Kriteria Perancangan Bak Ekualisasi.............................................................. 18
Tabel 2.7 Kriteria Perancangan Bak Pengendap ............................................................ 19
Tabel 2.8 Kriteria Desain Bak Sedimentasi .................................................................... 19
Tabel 2.9 Kriteria Desain Unit Bak Pengendapan II ...................................................... 22
Tabel 2.10 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Kolam Stabilisasi ............................................. 25
Tabel 2.11 Kriteria Desain Kolam Anaerobik ................................................................ 27
Tabel 2.12 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Kolam Anaerobik ............................................. 28
Tabel 2.13 Parameter Desain Untuk Pond dan Lagoon Fakultatif ................................. 29
Tabel 2.14 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Kolam Fakultatif .............................................. 30
Tabel 2.15 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Kolam Maturasi ............................................... 31
Tabel 2.16 Karakteristik Perancangan Lumpur Aktif ..................................................... 32
Tabel 2.17 Kriteria Perancangan Bak Aerasi .................................................................. 35
Tabel 2.18 Kriteria Desain Extended Aeration ............................................................... 37
Tabel 2.19 Kriteria Desain Perencanaan Biofilter Anaerobik ........................................ 40
Tabel 2.20 Kriteria Desain Perencanaan Biofilter Aerobik ............................................ 40
Tabel 2.21 Kriteria Perencanaan Biofilter Anaerob-Aerob ............................................ 41
Tabel 2.22 Kriteria Desain Bak Pengering Lumpur ....................................................... 44
Tabel 2.23 Pemakaian Air Minum Kawasan .................................................................. 46
Tabel 2.24 Tingkat Pemakaian Air Minum Rumah Tangga Berdasar Kategori Kota .... 46
Tabel 2.25 Luas Wilayah Menurut Kelurahan di Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu ............... 51
Tabel 2.26 Rangkuman Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................. 54
Tabel 3.1 Jadwal Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Perencanaan ................................................... 70

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Contoh Tipikal Konstruksi Bak Pengumpul ............................................... 14

Gambar 2.2 Contoh Unit Bak Pengendap II (Clarifer) ................................................... 22
Gambar 2.3 Bak Pemisah Lemak ................................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.4 Kolam Stabilisasi ........................................................................................ 25
Gambar 2.5 Ilustrasi Pengolahan pada Kolam Anaerobik .............................................. 26
Gambar 2.6 Skema Extended Aeration ........................................................................... 38
Gambar 2.7 Ilustrasi Proses Pengolahan RBC ................................................................ 39
Gambar 2.8 Ilustrasi Model Unit Biofilter Anaerobik-Aerobik ..................................... 41
Gambar 2.9 Bagan Alir Proses Pemilihan Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah .................. 48
Gambar 2.10 Peta Kota Samarinda ................................................................................. 50
Gambar 2.11 Peta Kecamatan Samarinda Ulu ................................................................ 53
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian .............................................................................. 59
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Proses Pengolahan dengan Extended Aeration ............................ 65
Gambar 3.3 Diagram Proses Pengolahan dengan Kolam Stabilisasi.............................. 66
Gambar 3.4 Diagram Proses Pengolahan dengan Biofilter Anaerob-Aerob .................. 67

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