Viogela, Donna P.

BEED-2

HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY

The history of technology is the history of invention of tools and techniques and is similar to the other
sides of history. The term came from the Greek word techne which means art and craft. It was first used
to describe applied arts but now it is used to describe the advancement and changes around us. It starts
with the beginning of life on earth, and goes until the founding of early modern technologies, such as
computer and nuclear power. The era of technology started when wheel was invented which is one of
the most important technology and after it, more and more things were invented.

Gradually different things started to be invented but the main era of technology and invention came in
the 18 century when industrial revolution started and machines got invented and various types of
development and production started. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and many of the
technological innovations were of British origin. By the mid-18th century Britain was the world's leading
commercial nation, controlling a global trading empire with colonies in North America and Africa, and
with some political influence on the Indian subcontinent, through the activities of the East India
Company. The development of trade and the rise of business were major causes of the Industrial
Revolution.

New knowledge has enabled people to create new things, and conversely, many scientific endeavors are
made possible by technologies which assist humans in traveling to places they could not previously
reach, and by scientific instruments by which we study nature in more detail than our natural senses
allow.

If we look back to the mid 20 century, there was no access of internet and it was difficult for people to
communicate with each other and had problems in their businesses but with the invention of internet,
people could have face to face conversation via Skype, facebook, live streaming etc. and now people
could have online banking which have ended many problems for businessman’s.

As more existing technologies are stacked onto each other and developed into something greater,
consumers and businesses alike can expect to see more opportunity with future technology. Technology
will be faster, have the ability to accomplish more and everything will become more streamlined to make
getting work done, easier.

You’ll hear more and more about the “Internet of Things” now and in the future. The deeper we dive
into technology, the more it seems we try to blend the physical and virtual worlds together. Smart
speakers, smart homes and even smart cars are the tech wave to ride in the future, but it’s just the
beginning. In other words, the future happening is now. Or at least, it’ll be here sooner than you may
think.

Technology is constantly changing and it sometimes feels like way too much effort to keep up with a
moving target. Just remember - keeping up with technology adds value to your business.
Staying up-to-date helps ensure you don’t miss opportunities, become irrelevant or fall behind your
competitors. Remember Kodak? They taught us all an invaluable lesson: don’t be afraid to embrace
change.

Technical history is connected to the history of science. Since technology uses resources, technical
history is tightly connected to economic history. From those resources, technology produces other
resources, including technological artifacts used in everyday life.

The Role of Technology in Educational Process

Although technology is finally being integrated into education, its use for teaching and learning still
remains a challenge. Despite the fact that many schools today are privileged to have ready access to
technology, trained teachers, and a favourable policy environment, the use of technology in the
classroom is still low. Some attribute low levels of technology use in education to the pedagogical beliefs
of teachers.

With that said, the potential of technology to enhance learning cannot be overemphasized. The use of
technology is something that started a long time ago for students with special needs. For example, brail
machines have been utilized for the visually impaired. In addition, special needs programs that help
children with autism use technology to enhance learning. By integrating technology into education,
educators aim to engender pedagogical change and address fundamental issues that affect learners with
special needs. Technology can therefore be seen as both a tool and a catalyst for change.

Today, technologies used to improve and facilitate learning can be found everywhere. Leaving other
contextual factors to the side – such as unequal access to technological innovations and connected
technologies across schools and districts – we can only say that we have embraced technology in
education when it is used for both teaching and learning. With the incorporation of technology into
schools, the main purpose is to change how teachers and students gather, access, analyse, present and
transmit information. This can democratize information in classrooms as well as help differentiate
instruction, particularly for students with special needs.

Assistive technology for students with special needs

Assistive technology can be defined as an item, piece of equipment or product system that can be used
to maintain, increase or improve functional capabilities for any person with a special need. Thus, the
incorporation of educational technology can also provide benefits to students with disabilities who may
be in a better position to interact with the lesson through technology. Moreover, technology can place
teachers in a better position to customize learning for students with special needs.

What is the relationship between technology in education and pedagogy?

Research has illustrated that many educators have had a hard time integrating technology into
education. This may be because many educators have yet to explore the relationship between
technology and pedagogy. Doing so could play a huge part in encouraging critical thinking by teachers as
they attempt to integrate technology into education.
At the same time, for technology to work effectively, it should only be incorporated in classroom if it is
appropriate for a given instructional task. Also, technology can only be an effective teaching tool if
teachers participate in decisions to adopt technology. This is because teachers have the responsibility of
facilitating instruction and incorporating technology at the classroom level, yet many school
administrators tend to make decisions related to technology adoption/training without consulting
teachers.

How Technology can be used to Improve Learning?

The following are ways that technology could be better leveraged to improve learning:

With the widespread availability of student databases that are able to track individual progress, teachers
are encouraged to identify learning objectives and differentiate instruction based on the needs of their
students.

Whenever teachers attempt to present instruction using technology, they should do so using a channel
that is relevant to the objectives, the learning style, mode and the technology selected.

When evaluating technology-based instruction, there needs to be appropriate evaluation techniques

that are in line with the methods of instruction, objectives and the technology.

Teachers can design follow-up activities when using technology to evaluate students’ learning and the
role technology played in that process.

Overall, technology is central to many sectors of society and its integration into the education process
has great promise for student learning. With technology, one can expect increased efficiency and
effectiveness on both the part of teachers and students. Technology can also prompt pedagogical change
and address issues that affect learning, teaching and social organization. Technology can therefore be
seen as both a tool and a catalyst for change. Students should embrace technology for them to benefit
and teachers should be open to introducing technology into the classroom to improve and innovate their
teaching practice.

How Important is Technology in Education? Pine Cove’s Top 10 Reasons

by Tyler Wantulok on February 12, 2015

Why is technology important? How important is technology in education?

There are countless reasons why technology is a key aspect of learning in the schools. Whether we like it
or not, technology is everywhere; and in order for our students to survive in post-secondary education
and the business world, they must know technology.

To narrow it down, we came up with 10 reasons for the importance of technology in education:

Students demand it.

Students are engaging with technology constantly outside of the classroom. Kids like to be interactive,
and learning through technology has now become a part of their lifestyle.

New teachers are demanding it.

The technology movement has been implemented in post-secondary education as well as other
professional jobs. For new teachers, technology is considered a necessity for the learning environment.

Kids are the digital native.

Kids know technology better than most adults. It has become the easiest way they learn, because it is
such an integral part of their life. Engaging with technology in the classroom has not only helped them
learn better, but they also acquire multi-tasking skills. At this day in age, they hardly know how to learn
without it. This knowledge is important, because they would be way behind in the real world without it.

Kids can learn at their own pace.

We know from years of experience that kids learn at their own pace, but sometimes the traditional
classroom makes it difficult to do so. With the integration of technology in education, children have the
ability to slow down and go back over lessons and concepts, and more advanced kids can go ahead. It
also frees up the teacher to help kids on a more one-on-one level.

With technology, there are no limitations.

Having access to other information outside of the book gives students many different ways to learn a
concept. Teachers can come up with creative ways to teach their students that keeps them engaged.
Technology has changed the learning environment so that learning is more hands-on. Schools
throughout the nation are diverse in income, and often kids don’t always get the resources they need.
The implementation of technology in schools helps close that gap.

Technology has the ability to enhance relationships between teachers and students.

When teachers effectively integrate technology into subject areas, teachers grow into roles of adviser,
content expert, and coach. Technology helps make teaching and learning more meaningful and fun.
Students are also able to collaborate with their own classmates through technological applications.

Testing has gone online

One protocol that schools don’t have control over, but must adapt to, is online testing. Testing online is
the way of the future, but it has a lot of advantages. Assessing students’ performance can be done
instantly with technology. Beyond seeing test scores in real-time, teachers can better track and
understand students’ grasp of the subject.

Multitude of resources
Computers, tablets, and other forms of technology bring multiple resources for the teacher that’s not in
the book. They not only keep students engaged with exciting new features and apps, but also have other
ways to teach students material. Every kid learns differently, and technology helps with this gap as well.

Technology keeps kids engaged.

The students of this generation are considered technological learners. They learn best being more
interactive, and technology is what helps them do that. Children often struggle to stay on task or
interested, and with resources to help the teacher, they can better stay focused and learn faster.

Technology is necessary to succeed outside of primary and secondary education

Whether we like it or not, technology is an essential concept to learn. Because it changes so quickly,
children are better off learning about it sooner. It is a primary part of every industry, and there is no way
around it. These days, technology means more than just learning basic computing skills. Technology has
made itself part of every aspect of our lives today, and the students who understand it are the ones who
succeed in the business world.

7 EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS EVERY TEACHER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT

BY MATTHEW LYNCHNOVEMBER 20, 201611

Since the Information Era began some decades ago, it has dramatically changed the way we educate our
children. We live in a world of rapid change and the resemblance to yesterday is fleeting. Above all,
communication has changed, and an enormous variety of information is now accessible to almost
everyone at the click of a mouse or swipe of a finger.

We have seen a lot of advancement in education technology designed for the classroom, and to be
effective, teachers need to stay abreast of these new technologies and concepts. The summer is the
perfect time for teachers to receive retooling in the area of education and several innovations and
concepts are available to help teachers familiarize themselves with important concepts.

Here, I will discuss ten education technologies and concepts that every teacher should know about:

1. BYOD (Bring Your Own Device): As a kind of movement within education, BYOD has already gained
momentum in many districts across the country. In places like Chesapeake Public Schools, students are
allowed to use privately owned electronic devices to access the wireless network on the school system’s
filtered Internet. In Chesapeake, as in the other public and private schools where BYOD policies exist,
students must sign a responsibility form that says they will only use the mobile device for academic
enrichment while on school property. Students who bring their own devices into the classroom eliminate
the initial costs and are also already comfortable with the technology. The downside is that not all
students can readily afford such technology. Many must look for schools to develop technology financial
assistance programs for families to help offset the full cost and maintenance of school-owned devices.
2. Customized learning experiences. Self-directed learning experiences are based upon the needs of
individual students. The traditional way to look at learning is via the creation and assignment of work by
teachers in a one-size-fits-all approach for every classroom. Customized learning, however, allows
students to direct focus on feedback techniques that provide strategies for improvement during the
process, instead of waiting for a given test period see if the methods are working.

The idea of personalized learning is often met with hostility, especially as teachers must relinquish some
classroom control for this trend to really work. On the flip side, though, customized learning has the
potential to incorporate a variety of resources, such as virtual learning, to aid in the learning process
while allowing teachers to moderate one-on-one learning experiences in practical ways. I think that the
idea of handing control to students is frightening to some educators and administrators but once
attempted, even on a small scale, it is easy to see the benefits of personalized learning.

3. Online learning. Virtual learning is certainly not new to the K-12 scene, but its increasing popularity is
difficult to ignore. Once, only the world of distant learning embraced the process of online learning.
Today, though, online learning is increasingly part of more traditional learning experiences. It is no longer
all or nothing. Distance learning has become mainstream and will continue to transform in-classroom
learning. Virtual learning also makes it possible for parents, teachers and students to have access to
information they may need regardless of their actual physical location. In essence, it expands the
classroom and gives students more time and space to complete and comprehend their lesson.

4.Virtual Laboratories. Virtual laboratories are popping up in school districts and online learning curricula
across the country and making it easier and less expensive for students to do experiments remotely.
Perhaps the most often cited benefit of any online learning is convenience. The same is true of virtual
laboratories if the experiments are on the student’s own time. In some cases, a virtual lab may be used
during regular class time but still, in such instances, there is flexibility for the teacher who is not limited
by using resources within a strict timeframe.

Another benefit of virtual laboratories is instant feedback. Students can redo experiments on the spot if
needed. All the results are recorded automatically, making communication between teachers and
students more efficient too. Experiments no longer have a “one chance” option and students can analyze
what went wrong immediately and critically. There is a fee associated with using virtual labs, but the
capital and maintenance costs are drastically reduced. Instead of one school footing the bill for
resources, the cost is split among the clients of the particular virtual lab. This allows schools to provide a
better learning experience for students at a fraction of the cost.

5. Autism and iPads. Depending who you ask, theAutism and iPads. Depending who you ask, the iPad has
varying effects on children with autism – but most parents and teachers would say that the device has
made in-roads in their students’ attitude towards learning. Experts at Apple say that iPads “cure” sensory
overload and give autistic children control, along with opportunities for effective communication. Using
less extreme language, researchers at Vanderbilt University say that speech-generating devices, like
iPads, can encourage late-speaking children with autism spectrum disorders to speak. In other words,
the basic technology that is readily available in classrooms and many households may also support
learning initiatives for children with a specific disorder that impact traditional learning.

6. Online Tutoring. The supplemental education services industry is expected to make over $10 billion
per year annually in North America by 2017, and it’s no wonder. As students face higher pressures in
classrooms, companies like Sylvan and Kumon make millions every year by encouraging parents to bring
in their students and pay a premium fee to have them tutored one-on-one.

However, tutoring outside school hours is inconvenient for bothh parents and students who already have
tight schedules. After a day in school, kids are not keen to head back into a traditional learning
environment, which can mean a lot of extra tension between parents and kids that surrounds an already-
anxious experience.

But what if the same flexibility that is afforded to regular K-12 and college classes was extended to
tutoring too? Of course, many online tutoring options are already available but as an industry, online
tutoring lacks the sophistication of the larger-scale academic offerings. As demand for this form of
flexible learning rises, though, tutoring in remote ways will see a spike in popularity and availability.

Students are already native online learners and virtual tutoring could open the doors for a lot of
breakthroughs – and at a greater convenience and lesser cost to students. These emerging companies
just need to look for ways to set themselves apart from the outdated model of in-person tutoring to
provide the most help and succeed.

7. Cloud computing. When it comes to greater educational collaboration, cloud computing has unlimited
potential. This is true for teacher-to-teacher, teacher-to-parent, and teacher-to-student applications. By
using a common location, academic expectations can be better accessed, along with actual student
work. Instructors can also share learning materials and experiences through the remote opportunities
that cloud computing provides.

Simply put, cloud storage saves space, money, and time for teachers, parents, students, and
administrators. A report by CDW Government found that over 40 percent of schools use cloud
applications to store their data. By 2016, schools are expected to spend 35 percent of IT budgets on the
cloud. The savings add up though. Right now, K-12 schools report that their cloud initiatives are saving
them an average of 20 percent on IT costs. By 2016, those savings are expected to reach 27 percent.

We are living in the midst of a tremendous upheaval in the fields of technology and communication.
There is so much to look forward to when it comes to K-12 classrooms. The seven concepts and
technologies that I have discussed will allow educators to better prepare students for the rest of their
academic careers and for lifelong success.

THE IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL Technology IN TEACHING

Since computers are still not widely used
in many schools, the teaching process is dominated by traditional methods. It is dominated

by the frontal form of work where the teacher

had enough interaction with students. Failure

to thrive at their own pace and insufficient activity of students was one of the drawbacks of

this type of learning. In class, we have children

who are not uniform in knowledge and never

pay enough attention to those who are not sufficiently mastered the material and those who

are above their average. This difference is

often hampered by teacher assessment work

and how to transfer knowledge to a group of

children with different knowledge. The teacher chooses to keep average to good teaching

where children with insufficient knowledge

would not get the necessary knowledge. The

children with insufficient knowledge can

progress smoothly without unpleasant feeling

of their ignorance, no frustration, and humili- ation while for the most advanced children
teaching will be boring.

With the development of information

and communication technology, especially

computers, a number of researchers (Morrison et al., 2010) were trying to see the benefits

and the effect of their use compared to older

traditional learning. For many years, we tried

to give answers to the question of advantages

and disadvantages between traditional and

modern teaching where the prevailing educational technology. The period from 1967. to

1972. is considered to be a period of consolidation of educational technology, which has

become the most commonly used term in the

science of pedagogy and the educational process (Даниловић, 2004). With the application

of educational
choose the pacetechnology,
of work, tostudents
repeat can independently progress in mastering teaching materials, to

the material that is not sufficiently clear, that

after tests performed immediately get results

and track their progress. Interactive, multimedia content provides a great advantage of
modern learning over traditional learning.

With the application of educational technology we get feedback between the teacher and

the student.

Among the first studies on the comparison of the traditional and modern ways with

the help of educational technologies research

was Clark Richard (Clark, R. 1983). He tried

to compare research between lectures and

computer guidance and instruction to determine which the better way of learning is. He

came to the conclusion that they are both effective depending on the ways they are used.

The same conclusion came by other authors

(Dynarski et al. 2007; Kulik, 2003) and that

is that there are some major differences in the

use of educational technology and traditional

2. THE IMPORTANCE OF

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

IN TEACHING
Since computers are still not widely used

in many schools, the teaching process is dominated by traditional methods. It is dominated

by the frontal form of work where the teacher

had enough interaction with students. Failure

to thrive at their own pace and insufficient activity of students was one of the drawbacks of

this type of learning. In class, we have children

who are not uniform in knowledge and never

pay enough attention to those who are not sufficiently mastered the material and those who

are above their average. This difference is

often hampered by teacher assessment work

and how to transfer knowledge to a group of

children with different knowledge. The teacher chooses to keep average to good teaching

where children with insufficient knowledge

would not get the necessary knowledge. The

children with insufficient knowledge can

progress smoothly without unpleasant feeling

of their ignorance, no frustration, and humili- ation while for the most advanced children

teaching will be boring.

With the development of information

and communication technology, especially

computers, a number of researchers (Morrison et al., 2010) were trying to see the benefits

and the effect of their use compared to older

traditional learning. For many years, we tried

to give answers to the question of advantages

and disadvantages between traditional and

modern teaching where the prevailing educational technology. The period from 1967. to

1972. is considered to be a period of consolidation of educational technology, which has

become the most commonly used term in the

science of pedagogy and the educational process (Даниловић, 2004). With the application

of educational
choose the pacetechnology,
of work, tostudents
repeat can independently progress in mastering teaching materials, to

the material that is not sufficiently clear, that

after tests performed immediately get results

and track their progress. Interactive, multimedia content provides a great advantage of

modern learning over traditional learning.

With the application of educational technology we get feedback between the teacher and

the student.

Among the first studies on the comparison of the traditional and modern ways with

the help of educational technologies research

was Clark Richard (Clark, R. 1983). He tried

to compare research between lectures and

computer guidance and instruction to determine which the better way of learning is. He

came to the conclusion that they are both effective depending on the ways they are used.

The same conclusion came by other authors

(Dynarski et al. 2007; Kulik, 2003) and that

is that there are some major differences in the

use of educational technology and traditional

teaching. On the other hand, research at the

Center for Educational Research in Pittsburgh

within Individually Prescribed Instruction

showed that computers are better tailored to

the individual abilities of students, rather than

teachers themselves. Educational technology

must inevitably be integrated into classrooms

and curricula (Clements and Sarama, 2003;

Glaubke 2007; NAEYC and Fred Rogers

Center, 2012). With the advent of educational

technology in the classroom teacher, educa- tion is faced with the challenge that teachers

integrate educational technology in their daily

work. Numerous studies have shown that a

small number of teachers is willing to inte- grate educational technology in their teaching

activities (Becker, 2000; Hermans et al., 2008;

Stošić and Stošić 2013; Wang et al., 2004).

The reason is that there are two categories of

teachers in the understanding of educational

technology. Some of them have thorough understanding of modern technical appliances other hand,
research at the

Center for Educational Research in Pittsburgh

within Individually Prescribed Instruction

showed that computers are better tailored to

the individual abilities of students, rather than

teachers themselves. Educational technology

must inevitably be integrated into classrooms

and curricula (Clements and Sarama, 2003;

Glaubke 2007; NAEYC and Fred Rogers

Center, 2012). With the advent of educational

technology in the classroom teacher, educa- tion is faced with the challenge that teachers

integrate educational technology in their daily

work. Numerous studies have shown that a

small number of teachers is willing to inte- grate educational technology in their teaching

activities (Becker, 2000; Hermans et al., 2008;

Stošić and Stošić 2013; Wang et al., 2004).

The reason is that there are two categories of

teachers in the understanding of educational

technology. Some of them have thorough understanding of modern technical appliances