UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS

TACLOBAN COLLEGE
Tacloban City

A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:

THE CASE OF SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA

A Research Paper Presented to

Associate Professor Ladylyn B. Lim (Adviser)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences

Major in Political Science

Presented by

MERCADER, SALVE GLORIA EVAIZA A.

SESIO, VANESSA L.

May 2014
 APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis attached hereto, entitled “A Case Study on the Disaster Preparedness of the
Municipality of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar: The Case of Super Typhoon Yolanda”, prepared
and submitted by Salve Gloria Evaiza Afable Mercader and Vanessa Lira Sesio, in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences Major in Political Science,
is hereby accepted.

ASSOCIATE PROF. LADYLYN BRAZAS LIM

Adviser

Accepted and approved for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Social Sciences
Major in Political Science

PROF. ROWENA GUIANG

Chairperson, Division of Social Sciences
University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College
Tacloban City

Grade:_______

May 2014

ii
 ABSTRACT

Mercader, Salve Gloria Evaiza Afable and Sesio, Vanessa Lira. “A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR: THE CASE OF
SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA.” An Undergraduate Research Project Presented to the Division of
Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban College, May 2014.

This research seeks to study the disaster preparedness of the Municipality of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar in the case of super typhoon Yolanda. Moreover, this study pursues
the questions concerning the availability of the disaster preparedness plan of the municipality of
Balangkayan, the activities made by the Local Government Unit in the locality and the views of
the local constituents with regards to the preparedness of the local community during super
typhoon Yolanda.

Nested sampling was utilized in order to determine the key informants for this case study.
In result, the key informants comprised by the Local Government Officials and the Civil Society of
the respected municipality were selected in determining the locality’s preparedness for super
typhoon Yolanda. The objectives of disaster preparedness derived from the National Risk
Reduction Management Plan of the Philippines were used as a guide in conducting the case study
in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

It was found that there is no existing disaster preparedness plan in the municipality of
Balangkayan, Eastern Samar during super typhoon Yolanda. Despite of the fact, there were no
recorded casualties in the municipality although there were apparent damages caused by the
typhoon.

The study concludes with the notion that political participation of the civil society with
the immediate preparations of the Local Government Unit during super typhoon Yolanda has
been an important factor in connection to the absence of accounts of casualties in the
municipality despite the nonexistence of a disaster preparedness plan. Hence, this study does not
validate the idea of the Modern Disaster Theory claiming that disasters law is the best portfolio
of legal rules.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to extend our deep appreciation to the people who inspired and guided us
all the way in making this research.

To our adviser, Professor Ladylyn B. Lim, we offer our most sincere gratitude for guiding
us during the whole research process and for inculcating us values as young researchers.

To the honorable Officials of the town of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar, we extend our
thanks for offering us their warmest welcome and accommodation, as well as to the local folks
who gave us their honesty on the interviews conducted.

We offer our genuine appreciation to our Political Science classmates who motivated us
to keep going and for being there to share the experience. Same goes to the whole Political
Science family especially Mr. Rene Alvin F. Oquendo for lending us readings related to our study.

To our dear families for their untiringly love and support for us in many ways, and for
serving as inspirations all throughout our college years, we dedicate all our efforts, our humble
gratitude and love.

To our home during the last four years, the University of the Philippines Visayas Tacloban
College, we extend our most sincere appreciation.

To our Almighty Father for making all the things possible for us, for giving us hope and for
the unfailing love and enlightenment, we thank You dear Lord.

Yaben and Vane

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Disastrous Typhoons in Terms of Damage

Table 2 Disastrous Typhoons in Terms of Death

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 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Damage Report in the Muncipality of Balangkayan, E. Samar after super

typhoon Yolanda as of November 12, 2013

Appendix 2 Letter of Request to Interview Informants in the Municipality of

Balangkayan, E. Samar

Appendix 3 Interview Guide (English)

Appendix 4 Interview Guide (Waray-waray)

Appendix 5 Transcript of the Responses in the Case Study

Appendix 6 Photo Documentation

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title i
Approval Sheet ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Tables v
List of Appendices vi
Table of Contents vii

Chapter One – Intorduction

Background of the Study 1
Research Objectives 5
Research Questions 5
Theoretical Framework 5
Significance of the Study 8
Scope and Limitations 9
Definition of Terms 10

Chapter Two – Review of Related Literature

11

Chapter Three – Methodology

Research Design 21
Locale of the Study 22
Sampling Scheme 23
Research Instrument 25
Methodological Limitation 25

Chapter Four – Results and Discussion

26

Chpater 5 – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Summary 42
Conclusion 44
Recommendation 46

Bibliography

Appendix

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

“No one is immune to the effects of a disaster and it is important we take steps to

prepare”.

The Annie E. Casey Foundation (2009, p. 11)

Background of the Study

In the context of the changing climate relative to the development and industrialization

of countries in the global spectrum, humanity is challenged by nature that fights back through

calamities. Since then, people found little and slow measures to mitigate or lessen the effects of

unexpected disasters as such, countries frequently visited by natural calamities have become

vulnerable to severe damage of properties and a number of casualties.

Tropical countries such as the Philippines is prone to typhoons as it lies in the Pacific

Ocean where cyclones are mostly formed. Being in this location, the Philippines experiences an

average of twenty (20) tropical cyclones every year. Half of these are destructive which includes

other weather hazards such as thunderstorm, heavy rainfall, southwest and northeast monsoons

(DRRRM, 2008). From year 1984 to 2001, Visayas had the most damages and deaths due to

typhoons that visited the country as shown in Table 1 and Table 2 on the next page. In 1990,

typhoon Ruping made a damage of 10.85 billion in Central Visayas and in Eastern Visayas, 5,101

deaths were recorded because of typhoon Uring in the year 1991 which is clearly shown in Table

1 and Table 2 on the next page.

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Table 1. Disastrous Typhoons in Terms of Damage
YEAR NAME AREAS AFFECTED DAMAGES
(Billions)
1990 T. Ruping Central Visayas 10.85
1995 T. Rosing Southern Luzon 9.30
1993 T. Kadiang Central Luzon 8.75
1988 T. Unsang Southern Luzon 5.64
1984 T. Nitang Northeastern Mindanao/Visayas 3.91
2001 T. Feria Luzon 3.51
1991 T. Trining Northern Luzon 3.47
2001 T. Nanang Visayas 3.25
2003 T. Harurot Luzon 3.23
1995 T. Mameng Visayas 2.80
1988 T. Yoning Visayas 2.75
2004 T. Igme Southern Luzon/Bicol 2.45
1993 T. Monang Southern Luzon 2.34
1985 T. Saling Central Luzon 2.18
1992 T. Maring Northern Luzon 2.16
1987 T. Herming Northern Visayas 2.06
2004 T. Marce Luzon 1.93
1984 T. Undang Eastern Visayas 1.54
1990 T. Iliang Luzon 1.50
1994 T. Katring Luzon 1.43
1989 T. Saling Southern Luzon 1.39
1989 T. Goring Northern Luzon 1.36
Source: DRRRM, 2008

Table 2. Disastrous Typhoons in Terms of Death

YEAR NAME REGION/s AFFECTED DEATH
1991 T. Uring Eastern Visayas 5,101
1995 T. Rosing Southern Luzon 916
1984 T. Nitang S. Visayas/Northern Mindanao 900
1984 T. Undang Visayas 895
2004 TD Winnine Southern Luzon 893
1987 T. Sisang Southern Luzon 808
1990 T. Ruping Central Visayas 508
1998 T. Loleng Southern Luzon 303
1993 T. Monang Southern Luzon 272
1995 T. Pepang Visayas 265
2001 T. Nanang Visayas 236
1988 T. Yoning Visayas 217
2001 T. Feria Luzon 188
1981 T. Dinang Southern Luzon 188
1988 T. Unsang Southern Luzon 157
1993 T. Puring Southern Visayas 157
1995 T. Mameng Luzon/Visayas 133
1993 T. Kadiang Central Luzon 126
1995 TS Pepang Luzon 116
2000 T. Reming Central Luzon 114
Source: DRRRM, 2008

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 One of the world’s strongest typhoon in recent history that hit the Philippines on

November 8, 2013, with a wind speed of 305 kilometers an hour was super typhoon Haiyan—

known as Yolanda in equivalent of a Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean (National

Geographic Daily News, 2013). The BBC News reported that the National Disaster Agency says

that 5, 209 people are now known to have lost their lives, with many more still missing (November

22, 2013).

Super typhoon Yolanda made landfall in the Philippines affecting Visayas Region,

particularly in Mindoro, Panay, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar. According to the disaster council

of the Philippines, damage to infrastructure reached P15.7 billion while damage to agriculture

reached P15.1 billion. The affected families in Visayas region rose from 2,335,031 to 2,376,217 or

around 11.2 million individuals. The number of damaged houses also went up to 1,168,958 from

1,168,909 (Sun Star Publishing, Inc., 2013). Consequently, this phenomena fostered the need of a

more vital sense of preparedness due to the aftermath of the typhoon.

In Eastern Samar, the towns of Balangkayan, Hernani, Guiuan, Quinapondan, Giporlos,

Balangiga, Lawaan were severely devastated. Furthermore, little attention was given to towns in

Samar despite of its damages. In Balangkayan, 400 houses were recorded to have been washed

out during the said typhoon (GMA News, 2013). A total of 1,030 families were affected in the

town of Balangkayan, E. Samar with 499 totally damaged houses and 354 partially damaged

houses (DILG Balangkayan). According to the Crop Damage Report of the Department of

Agriculture of Balangkayan, a total of 305 farmers were affected with a total value of 2,163,850.00

production of loss. According to their Fisheries Damage Report, a total value of 885,000.00 were

affected and a total of 1,070,000.00 facility damage of livestock and poultry.

Furthermore, the said municipality was chosen as the research locale for this study for

the reason that despite of the damages of houses and some infrastructures, there were no

3
recorded casualties. This somehow entails how its local government prepared for super typhoon

Yolanda with respect to the participation of the local constituents in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

The researchers believe that by choosing the municipality of Balangkayan as the locale of the

study, it may ameliorate the disaster preparedness of the focused community and other

municipalities. Furthermore, choosing Balangkayan may also encourage other researchers in

choosing research locales which are not given much attention and thus improve their disaster

preparedness.

The World Health Organization emphasizes preparedness as the “activities and measures

taken in advance to ensure effective response to the impacts of hazards, including the issuance

of timely and effective early warnings and the temporary evacuation of people and property from

threatened locations. It also pertains to the pre-disaster activities, including an overall strategy,

policies and institutional and management structures that are geared to helping at risk

communities safeguard their lives and assets by being alert to hazards and taking appropriate

action in the face of an imminent threat on the actual onset of a disaster.”

On the other hand, “preparedness connotes a decision process for future anticipated

events with estimated probabilities of occurrences and of consequences, in which decisions and

their associated actions are implemented in advance of a natural or human-made disaster and

are aimed at reducing disaster consequences (e.g. response/recovery) to levels considered

acceptable (Haimes, 2012:289).”

Moreover, the United States Department of Homeland Security (2014) defines

preparedness as “a continuous cycle of planning, organizing, training, equipping, exercising,

evaluating and taking coercive action in an effort to ensure effective coordination during incident

response.”

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Research Objectives

This research study aims to look into the disaster preparedness in the municipality of

Balangkayan, which is one of the localities devastated by Super Typhoon Yolanda in Eastern

Samar. Furthermore, this study aims to achieve the following objectives:

1. To look into the availability of the Disaster Plan in the municipality of Balangkayan,

Eastern Samar.

2. To document the activities made by the local government unit of Balangkayan,

Eastern Samar in preparation for super typhoon Yolanda.

3. To gather the views of the Civil Society regarding the disaster preparedness of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar in relation to Super Typhoon Yolanda.

Research Questions

This research study intends to answer the following questions:

1. Is there an available Disaster Plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar? Why or why not?

2. What were the different activities conducted by the local government unit of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar in preparation for super typhoon Yolanda?

3. What are the views of the Civil Society in relation to the disaster preparedness of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar for Super Typhoon Yolanda?

Theoretical Framework

This study is anchored in the Modern Disaster Theory by which, according to Jim Chen,

treats Disaster Law as the best portfolio of legal rules (2011:1121). According to the Disaster Law

and Policy, at first glance, disaster law seems to be nothing but a collection of legal rules that

happen to come into play when communities have suffered severe physical damage, but at a

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deeper level, it is about assembling the best portfolio of legal rules to deal with catastrophic risks

– a portfolio that includes mitigation, emergency response, compensation and insurance, and

rebuilding strategies (2010:n.p.). It is the mission of disaster law to increase the preparedness of

all social institutions, including official and non-governmental actors, to anticipate sudden,

calamitous events, and to bring the optimal portfolio of legal rules to bear when such events occur

(Chen, 2011:1123). Moreover, optimal legal preparedness for disaster consists of identifying,

adopting and maintaining that portfolio of rules at the frontier of efficient governance (Chen,

2011:1121). The author also suggested that “disaster law may have an even greater role to play

in guiding legal decisions on prevention, emergency response, mitigation, risk-spreading,

compensation, and reconstruction in the face of disaster. Sharpening these tools enhances the

portfolio of rules that comprise disaster law” (Chen, 2010:1123)

According to NDRRMP (2011:25), the fourth objective of disaster preparedness states: “to

develop and implement comprehensive national and local disaster preparedness policies, plans

and systems”. This highlights the importance of the presence of a timely disaster preparedness

plan in order to ensure the preparedness of a communities in the event of a disaster. Moreover,

disaster preparedness plan has two types (NDRRMP, 2011:43). One is focused on the various

activities that need to be done to ensure proper and timely disaster response operations, and the

other is focused on the safety of the people and the plans to increase their level of awareness and

preparedness in case disaster happen.

This study also proposes a three-dimensional notion in the field of politics that supports

in carrying out disaster preparedness. The concept of decentralization, policy process, and

political participation and political culture reflects the dynamics of state and non-state actors

concerning the preparedness of a local community such as Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

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 Decentralization is defined as “the expansion of local autonomy through the transfer of

powers and responsibilities away from national bodies” (Heywood, 2007). Decentralization entails

that the “state is the ultimate hierarchical institution which consolidates all other hierarchical

institutions” (Burchill, et. al.,2005). The study would look into the mechanism of a decentralized

country like the Philippines, in the process of taking the policy of disaster preparedness beginning

from the national level, regional level and finally into the local level where the study is focused,

based on the presence of a disaster preparedness plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

According to Andrew Heywood (2007), “policy process relates to the mechanisms through

which public (government) policies are made”. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Plan, effective by the year 2011 up to 2028, is embedded by a legalized framework

(Republic Act 10121) in the Philippines built to address disaster problems in the country. It is a

policy since it is a formal decision made by the government and actions on disaster preparedness

will be initiated by the Department of Interior and Local Government. Policy process is carried out

through policy initiation, policy formulation, policy implementation and policy evaluation. These

steps serves as pillars in determining the outcome of the action of the government, more

importantly in the context of the Municipality of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar in terms disaster

preparedness.

On the other hand, coordination between the civil society and the government is an

essential factor in the operation of the legalized framework. Through decentralization, the people

participates in the execution of policies together with Non-government Organizations (NGOs).

Political participation refers to all the actions of individuals in a community. The researchers

believe that political participation would ease the implementation of inculcating knowledge and

capabilities of people in the community in relation to disaster preparedness. In this study, political

culture in the locality is considered in order to find out how policies are carried out with respect

7
to the attitudes of the people in the community. Almond and Verba, enumerated three types of

political culture: participant political culture wherein people pay close attention to politics,

subject political culture wherein people have cognitive knowledge about the political system but

remain passive, and parochial political culture wherein people feel the absence of a sense of

citizenship and they have no desire or the ability to participate in politics.

Burchill, et. al. (2005) stresses decentralization and claims that “it stems from a sense that

while global environmental and social/economic problems operate on global scale, they can be

successfully responded to only by breaking down the global power structures which generate

them through local action and the construction of smaller-scale political communities and self-

reliant economies.” Moreover, an argument in green politics stems from the notion that “small-

scale communities would be too parochial and potentially self- interested to provide atmospheres

conducive to cross community cooperation” (Burchill, et. al.,2005). The study will provide the

mechanisms of the policy process in relation to the decentralization of government and how

public participation affects the flow and execution of the policy. The three indicators (policy

process, decentralization, and political participation and political culture) would help determine

the conditions of the disaster preparedness with the use of a plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar

in the case of Typhoon Yolanda.

Significance of the Study

As one of the priority areas of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan,

preparedness plays a vital role in carrying out effective actions in every sector in response to

disasters. Inasmuch as it aims to strengthen Filipino communities in terms of inculcating disaster

awareness among its people, it is expected that being prepared would eventually lead them into

safer, adaptive and resilient citizens of the country.

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 Recently, Super Typhoon Yolanda devastated a large area in Eastern Visayas Region which

resulted into vast reparations of properties and mortality of people. Balangkayan, Eastern Samar

is noted to be one of the localities affected by the typhoon. In relation to this natural calamity’s

destruction of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar as the research locale, this study will provide an insight

of the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan covering Disaster Preparedness as one

of its core functions and the Local Disaster Preparedness Plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

Moreover, this study will provide information regarding the dynamics or the process of

implementing the Disaster Preparedness Plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar vis-à-vis the National

Disaster Preparedness Plan. This study will also contribute to the assessment of the effectiveness

of the current disaster preparedness in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar. Furthermore, this study will

encourage to set awareness in the importance of a timely Disaster Preparedness Plan in

addressing the complex circumstances caused by natural disasters.

Scope and Limitations

The National Risk Reduction Management Plan (NDDRM) of the Philippines under

Republic Act 10121 has four distinct priority areas, namely, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,

Disaster Preparedness, Disaster Response, and lastly, Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation.

Consequently, this research study only focuses on one of these priority areas, which is Disaster

Preparedness. Furthermore, this study only focuses on typhoons which is a type of natural hazards

considering that this study concentrates on the case of Super Typhoon Yolanda in the context of

Balangkayan, E. Samar.

Inasmuch as this study only involves one of the municipalities of Eastern Samar,

particularly, Balangkayan, E. Samar, its results may not apply to the rest of the municipality nor to

9
other localities in Eastern Samar which were affected by Super Typhoon Yolanda. The results of

this inquiry may only be descriptive of the indicated research setting.

Despite these limitations, the researchers hope that the results of this study will

contribute significant data that will pave the way towards the improvement of the efficiency and

effectiveness of the Disaster Preparedness Plan in Balangkayan, E. Samar if any.

Definition of Terms

Disasters refers to the natural or man-made emergencies that cannot be handled by

affected communities who experience severe danger and incur loss of lives and properties causing

disruption in its social structure and prevention of the fulfilment of all or some of the affected

community’s essential functions (DRR Resource Manual, 2008, p. 6).

Preparedness implies activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective

response to the impact of hazards, including the issuance of timely and effective early warnings

and the temporary evacuation of people and property from threatened locations. It includes plans

or preparations made to save lives and to help response-and-rescue operations (DRR Resource

Manual, 2008, p. 8).

Disaster Preparedness refers to the state in which individuals and groups of a community

have developed plans, allocated resources, and established procedures of saving lives and

preventing further damage to property in the event of a disaster. It is one of the measures of

taking control events regarding disaster risk management, involving factors such as planning,

advocacy, education and training, and resources (DRR Resource Manual, 2008, p. 6).

A typhoon is a large, powerful and violent tropical cyclone. It is a low pressure area

rotating counter-clockwise and containing rising warm air that forms over warm water in the

Pacific Ocean. It can inflict terrible damage due to thunderstorms, violent winds, torrential rain,

10
floods, landslides, large and very big waves associated with storm surges (DRR Resource Manual,

2008, p. 21).

On the other hand, a storm surge is a rise of seawater above normal sea level on the coast,

generated by the action of weather elements such as cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure.

Depending upon the shape of the coastline and the slope of the sea bed, storm surge can sweep

across large portions of coastal area (DRR Resource Manual, 2008, p. 28).

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

As the central focus in this research, disaster preparedness will give emphasis on how a

community will be able to handle the effects of a catastrophe. The subject has been an essential

part of recent studies with regards to disaster risk reduction and disaster management, including

works of other researchers and framework of institutions in the national and international arena.

Furthermore, the availability of a disaster preparedness plan will serve as a guide on how a

community will be able to handle the effects of a catastrophe. With the aim of introducing disaster

preparedness, this would entail citing some literature that would give ample understanding of

concepts related to the subject matter.

The Hyogo Framework for Action Guidance and Indicator Package (2008:3) has noted that

a disaster is a “serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing widespread

human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected

community or society to cope using its own resources. A disaster is a function of the risk process.

It results from a combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or

measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk”.

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 On the other hand, preparedness pertains to the “pre-disaster activities that are

undertaken within the context of disaster risk management and are based on sound risk analysis.

This includes the development or enhancement of an overall preparedness strategy, policy,

institutional structure, warning and forecasting capabilities and plans that define measures

geared to helping at-risk communities safeguard their lives and assets by being alert to hazards

and taking appropriate actions in the face of an imminent threat or actual disaster (HFA Guidance

and Indicator Package, 2008:42). Preparedness involves anticipating problems that might be faced

in organizing response activities and creating plans to address them (Henstra, 2010:238).

Moreover, disaster preparedness includes the importance of a contingency plan in order

for an effective emergency preparedness and response. Republic Act 10121 (2010:3) defines

contingency planning as a management process that analyses specific potential events or

emerging situations that might threaten society or environment and establishes arrangements in

advance to enable timely, effective and appropriate responses to such events and situations.

The Hyogo Framework for Action Guidance and Indicator Package (2008:3) has noted that

a disaster is a “serious disruption of the functioning of a community or society causing widespread

human, material, economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected

community or society to cope using its own resources. A disaster is a function of the risk process.

It results from a combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or

measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk”.

As the Fifth Priority of the Hyogo Framework for Action, strengthening disaster

preparedness for effective response at all levels includes (1) disaster management capacity:

policy, technical and institutional capacities, (2) dialogue, coordination and information exchange

between disaster managers and development sectors, (3) regional approaches to disaster

response, with risk reduction focus, (4) review exercise preparedness and contingency plans, (5)

12
emergency funds and (6) voluntarism and participation (HFA Guidance and Indicator Package,

2008:50).

To provide a narrower outlook, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Plan as a national legislative framework (2011:7) offers an overview of what Disaster

Preparedness is all about:

“…provides for the key strategic actions that give importance to activities revolving
around community awareness and understanding; contingency planning; conduct of local
drills and the development of a national disaster response plan. Risk-related information
coming from the prevention and mitigation aspect is necessary in order for the
preparedness activities to be responsive to the needs of the people and situation on the
ground. Also, the policies, budget and institutional mechanisms established under the
prevention and mitigation priority area will be further enhanced through capacity building
activities, development of coordination mechanisms. Through these, coordination,
complementation and interoperability of work in DRRM operations and essential services
will be ensured. Behavioral change created by the preparedness aspect is eventually
measured by how well people responded to the disasters. At the frontlines of
preparedness are the local government units, local chief executives and communities.”

Basically, preparedness include those activities related to ensuring that people are

prepared and response will be carried out efficiently and effectively. It requires good linkages with

early warning systems, contingency planning, stockpiling of equipment and supplies,

development of arrangements for coordination, evacuation and public information and

associated training and field exercises, which all should be supported by institutional, legal and

budgetary capacities (NDRRMP, 2009:20).

AVAILABILITY OF A DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLAN

The existence of a disaster preparedness plan would indicate the readiness of a

community in the event of a disaster. Gaillard and Mercer (2012:99) emphasize that disasters

result from the non-application of existing laws, whether for enforcing construction codes or the

protection of natural resources and from the unequal distribution of resources within the society.

Thus, doctrine awareness is vital in the sense that the plan would provide the use of common

13
language and assumptions, as well as clearly articulated and commonly understood missions,

objectives, strategies and priorities (Gerber & Robinson, 2009:357).

Haimes (2012:289) also suggested that “anticipating and planning for emergent forced

changes through disaster preparedness and other risk management actions will necessarily

improve the resilience of the system. Furthermore, he also claimed that emergency preparedness

requires planning for multiple decision-making perspectives. This planning includes factors such

as human resources, technology and policies; interface arrangements among agencies at all levels

(readiness must involve the public and private sector, not only government and non-government

organization); and interoperability and information sharing that transcend security, primarily

services such as police, fire and emergency management services but also health and safety,

transportation and critical utilities and infrastructures, among others (Haimes, 2012:294).

In line with this, Somers and Svara (n.d:187) claimed that such plans must clearly identify

the duties and responsibilities of each local department during an emergency, including the role

of elected officials. According to the authors abovementioned, the extent of emergency planning-

as well as the focus of such planning – often is dictated as much by the availability of

intergovernmental transfers by local hazards and vulnerability assessments. Cox (2012: 1932)

pointed out that disaster preparedness have to be analysed along with alternative plans and

courses of action to be followed if disasters occur.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT’S DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

According to Gaillard and Mercer (2012:101), Disaster Risk Reduction policies are often

crafted at the national level and eventually implemented at lower levels by local government

institutions which are only tasked to relay actions from the top down. On the contrary, Gerber

and Robinson (2009:358) suggest that vertical and horizontal coordination are both essential in

14
disaster preparedness which is about building routine contacts, mutual information exchanges

and mutual operational efforts as opposed to compliance and frequent one-way information

flows. According to the HFA Guidance and Indicator Package (2008:13), effective preparedness

requires close coordination and information exchange among active organizations including

internally (within their own Ministries or Departments) and externally (with other stakeholders).

An effective coordination system will promote two-way information sharing between different

components of the system.

Moreover, Gaillard and Mercer (2012:96) asserts that a technical know-how adapted to

local wise practices could greatly enhance Disaster Risk Reduction strategies. Community-based

DRR fosters the participation of vulnerable communities in both the evaluation of risk and in ways

to reduce it. It empowers communities with self-developed and culturally, socially and

economically acceptable ways of coping with natural hazards (2012:97). Taken from UNISDR

(2011), the authors somehow agree with the notion that disasters reflects social injustice and

poor governance which prevail in most affected countries (2012:99). Herein, “it is the local

government that plays the most active role in emergency preparedness” since disasters are local

in nature (Wolensky & Wolensky, 1990:703). Governance here goes beyond the sole

democratization and free election process, decentralization and people’s consultation, it refers to

the large relationships within the state and the people, or the ideology, values and authority

imposed on the latter, the distribution of power within the society, and the level of priority given

to DRR (Gaillard & Mercer, 2012:99). It may further imply that governance encompasses the role

of stakeholders and international organizations whose policies or actions may hinder or facilitate

access to resources at the local level. Being at the frontline of preparedness, local government

and communities should perform their role for having a more prepared citizenry and government.

Skill coordination among the wide range of potential stakeholders that may provide assistance

15
during an emergency is critical to avoid confusion and to facilitate an effective response (HFA

Guidance and Indicator Package, 2008:13). In assessing for the overall preparedness of the

community, the researchers will rely on the abovementioned requirements together with the

presence of an effective and timely preparedness plan and the participation of local constituents.

VIEWS OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY REGARDING DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

The assessment of the Civil Society in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar rest in accordance to

the objectives as indicated in the NDRRMP. These objectives focus on the increased level of

awareness and enhanced capacity of the community to the threats and impacts of all hazards,

skills and capabilities of communities to cope with the impact of disasters, increased DRRM and

CCA capacity of local DRRM Councils and offices operations centers at all levels, development and

implementation of comprehensive national and local preparedness policies, plans and systems,

and strengthening of partnership and coordination among all key players and stakeholders

(NDDRMP, 2011: 24). However, Gerber and Robinson (2009:348) argues that:

“…the challenge stems from a difficulty in determining policy outcomes for emergency
preparedness. Successful emergency preparedness may mean that a community suffers
less of a loss than it otherwise would have. The most basic problem is that we can never
observe the loss that otherwise would have been experienced. Any assessment requires
the comparison of the observed losses to the counterfactual losses hypothesized to have
otherwise been likely.”

According to Carcellar, Co and Hipolito (2011:367), national and governments here in the

Philippines are mandated to prepare, budgets for, and implement their climate change and DRRM

action plans. Moreover, Republic Act No 10121 highlights the allocation and use of the 5 per cent

of total local government unit (LGU) budget comprising calamity funds, from merely post-disaster

response to disaster risk management activities such as, but not limited to, pre-disaster

preparedness programmes including training, purchasing life-saving rescue equipment, supplies

16
and medicines, for post-disaster activities, and for the payment of premiums on calamity

insurance (Carcellar, Co and Hipolito, 2011:367).

Gaillard and Mercer (2012:99), on the other hand, claims that making DRR integrative in

policy and practice is a much more complicated assignment as a significant number of obstacles

arise on part of the Local Government officials accountable for initiating disaster preparedness.

Miller, Adam and Moore (2013:2) states that a very few people actually take effective steps to

prepare for potential disasters. Moreover, the abovementioned authors asserts that at some

point, there has been a failure in communication between government and the public, such that

many people remain unaware of the importance, the benefits and the methods necessary for

adequate preparedness in the face of catastrophic events (2013:19).

In line with this, an importance of strong coordination and participation of the local

government and the civil society should be realized in order to increase the resilience and disaster

preparedness of a community. People in certain regions of the world who have direct experience

with particular risk situations are likely to have stronger and more accessible attitudes regarding

the consequences of related behavior and form attitudes and perceptions about risk with

relatively higher levels of certainty relevant to potential outcomes (Miller, Adam and Moore,

2013:6). As pointed by Cox (2012:1931-32), emphasizing resilience also changes the kinds of

questions that risk managers pay most attention to; for instance is identifying different disaster

scenarios that might occur, along with alternative plans and courses of action to be followed if

they occur.

RELATED RESEARCHES ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

The world is changing rapidly and together with development comes the negative effects

of this changing world. In the past few years, people have encountered a number of disasters that

17
eventually took lives and destroyed structures and properties. Consequently, previous studies

have been made with regards to disaster preparedness in order to somehow lessen the damages

experienced by citizens. With the damages and the loss of lives, the government as an entity that

protects its citizens, also made efforts in diminishing these losses through making policies for

disaster preparedness. In the Philippines, the government showed its efforts in preparing for

disasters and addressing environmental issues in the shift from Presidential Decree 1566 towards

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management together with the implementation of R.A. 10121 or The

Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010.

The national and local governments are mandated to prepare, budget for and implement

their climate change and DRRM action plans (Carcellar et al., 2011:367). However, as cited by

Robert Wolensky and Kenneth Wolensky in their study, the locality being the closest to the

disaster is also the component with the smallest relative resources and with the least access to

resources through its constituency. Because of this, the local government is often forced to

allocate resources such that hazard management is not a high priority (Perry, 1985:5). Without a

sufficient amount of budget or resources in order to prepare for upcoming disasters such as

providing safe evacuation centers, life jackets, medical kits, food and water supplies, etc., laws

and policies for disaster preparedness will be useless unless the local government generate funds

on their own for disaster risk reduction, which on one hand, not usually the case.

The importance of local government as the entity that experiences actual risk was

supported with Daniel Henstra’s study asserting that the local government plays a key role in

emergency management by developing the necessary policies and concrete procedures for

responding effectively to community emergencies and their aftermath (2010:236). In addition,

according to a study conducted by Gerber and Robinson,

“We concentrate our attention on local government performance on key indicators and
their relevance to potential regionalization because many key functional activities

18
 relevant to homeland security fall primarily within the responsibility of local government.
More important, it is precisely those local governments that have initial responsibility for
first response, and, as a result, coordinating their response efforts is the bedrock
mechanism of developing regional capabilities to manage disasters and catastrophes
(2009:347).”

Because emergencies occur suddenly, the effectiveness of a community’s response

depends in large part on the preparations that a local government has made in advance (Henstra,

2010:238). Furthermore, Dekens asserted that the existence and usefulness of local knowledge

rarely received attention and that the emphasis of most academic work, both nationally and

internationally, has been on the latest, ‘advanced’ geophysical knowledge and technical systems

as the most effective disaster response mechanisms. She also added that the considerable body

of work on local knowledge remained as marginal as many of the people whose knowledge it was

partly due to the enormous technical-social perpectives’ divide and the privilege accorded the

‘expertise’ approach which emphasises formal education and degrees instead of life experience

(2007:3). In a study conducted by Gaillard and Mercer, it was emphasized that in many cases,

effective local strategies continue to be overlooked in favour of scientific knowledge, which is not

necessarily appropriate or applicable to the context in which it is applied (2012:100). It can be

argued that despite the fact that the local government directly experiences the effects of

disasters, little attention is given in improving its disaster preparedness locally. Moreover,

community-based disaster preparedness approaches are increasingly important elements of

vulnerability reduction and disaster management strategies. In addition, they are associated with

a policy trend that values the knowledge and capacities of local people and builds on local

resources, including social capital (Allen, 2006:81). In this case, the local government should

initiate developing locally-based disaster preparedness plans which corresponds to the needs of

the citizens in times of disaster. Moreover, in a study conducted by Paola Albrito, she asserted

that,

19
 “…effective local risk governance rests on three pillars: that the oversight for disaster risk
reduction must lie with a local government that has responsibility for planning and
budgeting; that decentralisation of responsibilities to local governments needs to be
accompanied by a decentralisation of capacities and resources; and that disaster risk
reduction can be effective at the local level only when undertaken in collaboration with
disaster-prone households and communities – where emphasis needs to be put on local
government participation in the planning and implementation of disaster risk reduction
activities at the community level (2012:295-296).”

Thus, there is an important link between the local government and the political participation of

the citizens towards disaster preparedness. Studies have also shown the importance of

regionalization in improving disaster preparedness. In a study conducted by Gerber and Robinson,

they argued that improving emergency management on regional basis, which can be defined as

the capacity and capability for coordinated response efforts across broad geographic areas and

across political jurisdictions by multiple governmental actors, was conceptualized as one critical

element in improving preparedness for potential disaster or catastrophic incident scenario

(2009:346). This puts emphasis on decentralization, a shift of power from the national to the local

level, in improving disaster preparedness. Furthermore, not only centralization of policy priority

setting is seen as potentially problematic, there is also a debate over the particular issue of what

regionalized emergency management would or should look like in practice (Gerber and Robinson,

2009:246). Although studies have shown the need for regionalization or decentralization in

improving disaster preparedness, for some countries such as the Philippines, it is something new

since a legal framework of rules is followed. However, the presence of legal framework for

disaster preparedness is not an assurance of citizens’ safety. Problems can be encountered such

as cited by Robert Wolensky and Kenneth Wolensky (1990) in their study, ineffective planning and

implementation which can be traced to uncertain lines of authority, unclear methods of

information dissemination, inadequate interorganizational coordination, false views of public

behaviour during emergencies, inattention to recovery problems, and violation of established

planning procedures (Dynes, et al., 1972; Turner, 1976; Wenger et al., 1980). Additionally, citizens

20
typically look to local government for capabilities that do not synchronize with pre-existing norms

and resources. Officials are then caught in a dilemma between an institutionalized pattern that

encourages only the most basic predisaster planning and heightened expectations when crisis

occurs. It is a dilemma that must be understood in a structural context (Wolensky and Wolensky,

1990:711).

Subsequently, as cited by Drabek (2004), Dynes pointed out that most disaster events

have not been the focus of the research community and that the existing research tradition is

predominately Western, community-based, urban and deals with sudden onset agents from

‘natural’ causes (Dynes, 2004:2). It is on one hand, interesting to conduct disaster studies

especially in developing countries such as the Philippines which is prone to calamities to

contribute in the research community of disaster studies. It is also relevant to conduct studies on

how disaster preparedness is steered in the local government considering factors such as

decentralization and political participation of the constituents.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

Type of Research

This is a qualitative study that aims to analyze and interpret the disaster preparedness of

the municipality of Balangkayan, E. Samar in the case of super typhoon Yolanda. This type of

research is defined as,

“…a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. It consists of a set of
interpretive, material practices that make the world visible. These practices transform the
world. They turn the world into a series of representations including field notes,
interviews, conversations, photographs, recordings, and memos to the self. At this level,
qualitative research involves an interpretive, naturalistic approach to the world. This
means that qualitative researches study things in the natural settings, attempting to make

21
 sense of, or interpret phenomena in terms of meanings people bring to them (Denzin and
Lincoln, 2011:3).”

This study will focus on collecting data in the field where participants experience the issue or

problem under study, specifically the matters considering the disaster preparedness of the

municipality. As a qualitative research, this study will look into the availability of the disaster

preparedness plan of the locality in the case of super typhoon Yolanda and will utilize a case study

among constituents and local government officials concerned with disaster preparedness in

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar.

This type of research study is interpretive such that it also seeks to comprehend the

notion of disaster preparedness plan and its vital importance in local governance. This study will

also test the prerogative of Modern Disaster Theory in highlighting the disaster law as the best

portfolio of rules for dealing with catastrophic risks disregarding other factors such as political

participation and the function of local government in disaster preparedness.

Unit of Analysis

The units of analysis of this study are the actual responses of the local government

officials concerned with the disaster preparedness of Balangkayan, E. Samar and the disaster

preparedness plan of the locality in the case of super typhoon Yolanda. Moreover, the researchers

will focus on households in the poblacion barangays of Balangkayan in conducting the case study.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This research study will be conducted at the municipality of Balangkayan, province of

Eastern Samar, Philippines. It has a total population of 9,046 and a total number of 6,099

registered voters (Philippine Statistics Authority, as of 2010). The income classification of the said

locality is fifth class and it is composed of fifteen barangays, namely, Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2,

22
Poblacion 3, Poblacion 4, Poblacion 5, Cabay, Guinpoliran, Maramag, Balogo, Bangon, Caisawan,

Cantubi, General Malvar, Julag and Magsaysay. Considering the extent of damage in the

municipality, this research will only focus on the town proper with Poblacion 1, Poblacion 2,

Poblacion 3, Poblacion 4, and Poblacion 5 as the center of the research.

SAMPLING SCHEME

The researchers will make use of an internal statistical generalization as a sampling

scheme for this study. This involves making generalizations or influences on data extracted from

one or more representative or elite participants to the sample from which the participant (s) was

drawn (Onwuegbezie and Leech, 2007:240). This study will also utilize a nested sampling design

which represents sampling strategies that facilitate credible comparisons of two or more

members of the same subgroup, wherein one or more members of the subgroup represent a sub-

sample of the full sample (Onwuegbezie and Leech, 2007:246).

Nested sampling designs are most commonly used to select key informants. In fact, key
informants, who are selected from the overall set of research participants, often generate
a significant part of the researcher’s data. Moreover, the voices of key informants often
help the researcher to attain data saturation, theoretical saturation, and/or informational
redundancy (Onwuegbezie and Leech, 2007:247).

23
 The collection of data will be through a case study on how the constituents and the local

government officials prepared for typhoon Yolanda. Since this research will use a case study, the

nested sample for each poblacion barangay will be five key informants from the civil society

specifically the head of the family. Furthermore, eleven key informants will be selected from the

local government assigned in the disaster preparedness of the locality, including the barangay

captains of each poblacion barangay. However, since incumbent barangay captains have taken

over their positions on December 2013, it is essential that the researchers will also interview

former barangay captains to be able to gain sufficient data. In addition, former barangay captains

will also be interviewed for the reason that they were still in the position during super typhoon

Yolanda.

24
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The researches will utilize a case study in assessing the disaster preparedness of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar in the case of super typhoon Yolanda. The case study will deal with

the preparations made by the local government officials and the constituents before super

typhoon Yolanda devastated the locality with regards to the community’s disaster preparedness

plan, if any. As a guide, the researchers will utilize the objectives of disaster preparedness in the

National Risk Reduction Management Plan of the Philippines.

METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATION

Being one of the priority areas of the National Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Plan (NDRRMP), disaster preparedness is the subject of this study,

therefore, the researchers will disregard the other priority areas as mentioned in the

NDRRMP. The researchers will only extend the case study to the local government officials

concerned with disaster preparedness in Balangkayan and selected heads of the family in

each poblacion barangay. Moreover, instead of concentrating on individuals as

respondents for the case study, the researchers will focus on households with respect to

collective action of constituents in the community.

25
 Chapter IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

AVAILABILITY OF A DISASTER PREPAREDNESS PLAN

According to the Municipal Officer of the Department of Interior and Local Government,

there was no existing disaster preparedness plan in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar before super

typhoon Yolanda occurred. The schedule of making the disaster preparedness plan was set on

November 2013, however, the time constraints of the immediate occurrence of typhoon Yolanda

hindered them to meet that undertaking. She added that,

“Bag-o la ak, waray igturn-over kasi. An MDRRMO (dati) hi Jubeth, waray ma

kuno. Pati an iya memo waray…Pero pagdatong ko ngada, gin-advise ko diretso
hi Mayor nga dapat mayda MDRRM Office. An mga executive order han previous
office waray igturn-over. Wara nam nakaptan. Nasing hi Mayor magbabag-o nala
kita.” (MLGOO, Personal Interview, April 12, 2014) [I am just new in the position.
It (Disaster Preparedness Plan) wasn’t turned-over. The previous MDRRMO,
Jubeth, said that there was no disaster preparedness plan including her memo.
When I arrived there (Balangakayan, E. Samar), I immediately advised Mayor that
there should be an MDRRM Office. The executive order of the previous office
were not turned-over. We were not able to hold a copy. Mayor said that we will
just make a new one].

Consequently, the Municipal Mayor asserted that there was no formal Disaster

Preparedness Plan existing in the municipality.

“Diri formal an disaster preparedness plan. Pag-assume ko han office, waray.

We’re making it as systematic as possible, inabutan ng Yolanda. Pina-fine tune pa
siya, incorporating all areas. Hindi lang bagyo, may sunog, lindol.” (Municipal
Mayor, Personal interview, April 20, 2014) [The disaster preparedness plan is not
formal. When I assumed office, there was no disaster preparedness plan. We’re
making it as systematic as possible, then Yolanda made its landfall. We are still
fine tuning it, incorporating all areas. Not only for typhoons, but also for fires,
earthquakes].

On the other hand, according to the Municipal Officer of the Department of Interior and

Local Government, the Municipal Planning and Development Office claims that they have the plan

in order for them to utilize the five percent Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund

26
used to support disaster risk management activities. Furthermore, majority of the barangay

captains claim that they have an existing disaster preparedness plan in the municipality.

ACTIVITIES MADE BY THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT OF BALANGKAYAN,

EASTERN SAMAR IN PREPARATION FOR SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA

The actions initiated by the local government is important in addressing problems related

to disaster preparedness. Majority of the local civil society claimed that the local government had

been fully responsible in initiating preparations for super typhoon Yolanda for the reason that

there were no recorded casualty, according to the gathered data. The local government officials

in Balangkayan, Eastern Samar performed different set of activities in preparation for super

typhoon Yolanda.

The Municipal Officer of the Department of Interior and Local Government in

Balangkayan, Mrs. Mariles G. Montes, stated that there was a memorandum from the national

government instructing the local governments to prepare for the upcoming typhoon.

Oo, to prepare. Within that week. (M. Montes, Personal Interview, April 12, 2014).
[Yes, to prepare. Within that week.]

On November 5, 2013, there was a provincial meeting and Municipal Mayors were not

advised to leave their localities.

“Ika-5 nag-meeting ha province tapos mayda advisory nga mayors are not
advised to go outside han ira station kay mayda hadto call time ngadto ha Manila
asya at an iba nga Mayor nagkagikan. Natawagan ko hi mayor nga ayaw…” (M.
Montes, Personal Interview, April 12, 2014. [On the fifth, there was a meeting
held in the province and there was an advisory stating that mayors were not
advised to go outside their stations because there was a call time to go to Manila,
that is why the other mayors left. I called Mayor not to leave…]

Moreover, the Municipal DRRM Officer, Mr. Ventura Rhoel Baris, claimed that the

information about the upcoming super typhoon was channelled from the National Disaster Risk

27
Reduction Management Council to the Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council,

then finally to the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council.

“Guin-channel from NDRRMC to PDRRMC tapos ha MDRRMC.” (V.R. Baris,

Personal Interview, April 10, 2014) [It was channelled from NDRRMC to the
PDRRMC, and then to the MDRRMC.]

After the Local Government Unit acquired the information about Super Typhoon Yolanda,

Municipal Mayor Allan Contado called up the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Council for a meeting on November 5 and November 6, 2013. The agenda of the meeting focused

on the assigning of tasks for the different committees and the procurement of supplies and all

other necessities that require local funding.

“Nagmeeting an MDRRMC. Tuesday… November 5…Nag-tasking. Twice nag-

meeting, the other one han November 6, an finance ngan acquisition of supplies
and all other necessities that require local funding.” (Hon. A. Contado, Personal
Interview, April 20, 2014) [MDRRMC had a meeting. Tuesday…November 5…
There were tasking of committees. We had a meeting twice, the other one on
November 6 was about finance and acquisition of supplies and all other
necessities that require local funding.

The aforementioned meeting involved the Municipal Social Welfare and Development

Office, Municipal Planning and Development Office, Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Office, Local Engineering Office, Department of Education, Department of Interior

and Local Government, Chairman of all the Barangays, Municipal Police, Rural Health Unit and

volunteers from the civil society. However, since there was no existing disaster preparedness plan

during that time, reviewing it was not possible.

Accordingly, the local government was not able to utilize an information plan, however,

they initiated ways for the awareness of the community with regards to the upcoming typhoon

through the help of barangay officials. There were house to house warnings for families located

near the shoreline and a fire truck was used for warning the households located in the upland

areas of the municipality.

28
 “Guin-house to house an mga nakada ha shoreline area, guin-palibot an fire truck
ha upland area.” (V.R. Baris, Personal Interview, April 10, 2014) [We went house
to house in the shoreline area, a fire truck roamed around the upland area].

Furthermore, there was no formal communication plan that had been utilized. It was only

limited through calls and text messages to the sitios in the municipality, and also through the use

of megaphones and serene of the fire truck in the poblacion. As one of the informants specified,

there was no written communication plan, but only through the key persons designated to

disseminate the information and to declare the evacuation sites to the local constituents.

“Waray in writing pero mayda hadto ni mayor hadto tas bag-o pa manla hi Mayor
nga nag-assume tapos waray ma nakaptan nga hard copy han daan pero mayda
na niya mga tawo nga key persons.” (M. Montes, Personal Interview, April 12,
2014) [There was no written communication plan but Mayor had one and he was
still new in the office; there was no hard copy of the document handed to us by
the previous administration but he already had certain key persons he can rely
on].

On the other hand, printed materials and pamphlets containing preparatory measures to

be disseminated in order to enhance public awareness for upcoming disasters were not able to

be utilized by the local government.

“Ambot mandaw. Di ak hit maaram ha ira kay iba na it nga ahensiya. Kanya-
kanya kami hit trabaho. Kay hi kami more on legislation man it amon.” (Hon. A.
Abunales, Personal Interview, April 11, 2014) [I do not know. I do not know
because another agency is in-charge of it. We have our own jobs. We are more
focused on legislation].

Seminars for conducting drills had been already conducted a long time before the

occurrence of typhoon Yolanda, according to the local government officials. These seminars were

held in cooperation with another town, Llorente, Eastern Samar and in participation of the Armed

Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and also local DILG, Municipal Police, Plan Philippines, DSWD, and

barangay officials.

“Oo, upod han Llorente. Mayda ha plaza an kanan mga sundalo.” (E. Ejada,
Personal Interview, April 10, 2014) [Yes, together with Llorente. There was one
held at the plaza by the armed forces].

29
 The Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (MDRRMC) in

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar is headed by the municipal mayor and its members comprise the

agencies in the LGU, civil society and private sector representative. Before the typhoon, disaster

preparedness was not a priority of the locality as one of the informants stated during the

interview. In fact, there is still no particular office for the MDRRM Officer.

“An ak ngada impression was, diri talaga priority an disaster preparedness,

response, before han Yolanda. Niyan na it hira paniguro han katima na kay ku-an,
comparing to Llorente, kulang pa ngani hira han documents, han mga memo,
trainings, han mga drills dida. Wara talaga nira dida opisina an MDDRM Council
whereas ha Llorente mayda hit kalugaringon la nga opisina an MDRRMO, may
office, may staff.” (M. Montes, Personal Interview, April 12, 2014) [My impression
was that, disaster preparedness and response were not considered as priorities
before typhoon Yolanda. They already made an effort after the disaster because,
compared to Llorente, they still lack documents, memos, trainings and drills. They
do not have an office for the MDRRM Council whereas Llorente have its own
office for the MDDRM Officer and a staff].

According to another informant, the MDRRMC is now fully functional right after super

typhoon Yolanda hit the locality.

“Yup, right now. We have updates on upcoming typhoon, flash floods, forest fires.
Nangyari yan sa atin before.” (Hon. A. Contado, Personal Interview, April 20,
2014). [Yes, right now. We have updates on upcoming typhoon, flash floods,
forest fires. It happened to us before].

However, MDRRMC still lacks expertise when it comes to preparations for disasters.

“So far, medyo aktibo. Before, diri pa gud kay waray expertise.” (V.R. Baris,
Personal Interview, April 10, 2014) [So far, it is quite active. Before, it was not that
active because we lacked expertise.]

With the municipal mayor setting initiatives for disaster preparedness, the local

departments of the Local Government Unit in Balangkayan coordinated with each other. The local

civil society also coordinated through preparing their households for immediate evacuation as

mandated by the Mayor.

“An na-observe ko ha Balangkayan an mga tawo diri nama makuri nga mag-
evacuate kasi mayda na hira experience han (typhoon) Undang nga talaga

30
 madako an tubig. So diri na gud dako an resistance nga mag-evacuate hira.” (M.
Montes, Personal Interview, April 12, 2014) [What I observed in Balangkayan was
that, it was not difficult to instruct people to evacuate because they already
experienced a storm surge during typhoon Undang. That is why there was only a
little resistance for evacuation].

As provided by the gathered data, Balangkayan have a rescue team composed of the

MDRRM Officer, Municipal Police, male members from the Engineering Office, male teachers,

Barangay Tanods and some volunteers from the civil society. There were prepared equipment for

rescue operations like a rubber boat, an ambulance, 10 life jackets, 100 meter rope, a fire truck,

flashlights and life rings.

“Ang pinaka-sekreto kung bakit nagin successful ang operations, nandiyan ang
local chief executive, nasa opisina, nag-didirect, nasa gitna ng labanan.” (Hon. A.
Contado, Personal Interview, April 20, 2014) [The secret of the success of our
operations was that there was the local chief executive in office who directs and
in the middle of the fight].
There were also relief goods such as rice, noodles, canned goods and coffee, which were

prepared by the Local Government in Balangkayan. Specifically, the Municipal Social Welfare and

Development Office was in-charge of the re-packaging and distribution of the relief goods.

“Rice, noodles, sardines or canned goods. Alam natin kung ilan ang families ng
Balangkayan because of our updated CBMS.” (Hon. A. Contado, Personal
Interview, April 20, 2014) [Rice, noodles or canned goods. We know about the
number of families that here in Balangkayan because of our updated CBMS
(Community-based Management System].

Subsequently, one distinguishable effort made by the officials was imposing forced

evacuation to the constituents who were trying to refuse to leave their households. Republic Act

10121 recommends LDRRMCs to implement forced or pre-emptive evacuation of local residents

if necessary. Later on, the people appreciated that particular effort that protected them from the

disaster.

“We advised them to evacuate but we were sure that we will be hit by typhoon
Yolanda, nag-conduct tayo ng forced evacuation. Our police officers went house
to house including our disaster team and forced them to evacuation centers, our
evacuation centers are located at upland areas. Inayos ang evacuation center,
guin-butngan hin water.” (Hon. A. Contado, Perssonal Interview, April 20, 2014)

31
 [We advised them to evacuate but we were sure that we will be hit by typhoon
Yolanda, we conducted forced evacuation. Our police officers went house to
house including our disaster team and forced them to evacuation centers, our
evacuation centers are located at upland areas. We inspected the evacuation
center, and we installed a source of water].

The local government assigned Balangkayan Central Elementary School and Talisay

Elementary School as evacuation centers where people could stay during the occurrence of the

typhoon. In order to assure that these evacuation centers are safe, the local government

coordinated with the teachers to open the rooms, inspect the buildings, to assure the availability

of comfort rooms and safe drinking water in these areas.

Other preparations made by the local government was consistent monitoring so that the

people may be reminded of what they should prepare especially food, clothing and medicine.

Moreover, the local government also procured diesel for the vehicles to be used, purchased goods

and safe drinking water. There were also clearing operations before the typhoon for the purpose

of cutting the branches of trees which can possibly harm people and can damage houses during

the occurrence of super typhoon Yolanda.

“We stored gas and fuel, two chainsaws para putulin ang mga kahoy para di
makasira, umiikot sa mga barangay, every hour umiikot ang fire truck informing
everybody and consistently advising them to evacuate.” (Hon. A. Contado,
Personal Interview, April 20, 2014) [We stored gas and fuel, two chainsaws to cut
trees that can cause damage, we went around the barangays, every hour the fire
truck went roaming, informing everybody and consistently advising them to
evacuate].

Furthermore, the municipal mayor asserted in a personal interview that:

“What made Balangkayan different in terms of preparedness, people have taken

by heart the seriousness of the typhoon, nagburublig an mga tawo. Foresight an
LGU kun ano an mangyayari ngan monitoring ngan calculating the strength of the
typhoon. Because of our preparedness, naka-clearing after the typhoon, first day
nakapanhatag na han relief goods.” (April 20, 2014). [What made Balangkayan
different in terms of preparedness, people have taken by heart the seriousness
of the typhoon, people helped each other. The LGU anticipated the happening,
monitored and calculated the strength of the typhoon. Because of our
preparedness, there were clearing operations immediately after the typhoon,
and relief goods were able to be distributed on the first day after the typhoon].

32
VIEWS OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY REGARDING DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

As the primary entity which experiences the direct effects of calamities, the local

government must be able to prepare for upcoming natural disasters to be able to protect its

constituents. In the Philippines, the government showed its efforts in preparing for disasters and

addressing environmental issues in the shift from Presidential Decree 1566 towards Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management together with the implementation of R.A. 10121 or The Philippine

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010. The national and local governments are

mandated to prepare, budget for and implement their climate change and DRRM action plans

(Carcellar et al., 2011:367).

According to NDRRMP, one objective in order to attain disaster preparedness is that there

should be an increased level of awareness and enhanced capacity of the community to the threats

and impacts of all hazards. Essentially, majority of the key informants asserted that they are aware

that their local government is mandated to prepare, budget for and implement DRRM action

plans. Being aware that the local government is mandated by the national government to prepare,

budget for and implement DRRM action plans, shows that Balangkayanons know that their local

government has the responsibility to protect its constituents and minimize the effects of these

calamities. In addition, majority of the key informants also said that there is an existing DRRM

Council in their locality. Furthermore, majority also said that their DRRM Council is responsible

for initiating preparations for upcoming disasters. According to one informant when asked if their

DRRM Council is responsible enough,

“Oo, asya ngani waray dinhe namatay ngan nahibang. Malooy la.” (Bgy. 1
resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [Yes, that is why nobody died and no
one was hurt. Thankfully].

33
Moreover, majority of the key informants specified that the information they received from the

local government about typhoon Yolanda a few days before its landfall was all about warnings

that a big typhoon is coming and that they were advised to evacuate as soon as possible. Some of

the key informants answered by saying that they only got information about the said typhoon

from their relatives through texts, through televisions and through listening to radios. This shows

that the information the citizens received from the local government about super typhoon

Yolanda was limited and not all constituents were able to be informed by the local government.

According to the case study conducted, there were no pamphlets or any other written forms

informing the citizens about preparations for upcoming disasters. Majority of the key informants

asserted that they were informed about super typhoon Yolanda by the local government through

bandilyo or going around the town, informing the constituents to evacuate through the use of a

megaphone and their firetruck. As stated by one key informant,

“So far, dinhe an akon la nahibaro-an through bandilyo, waray man hira iba nga
form. Waray man hira information drive for typhoon.” (Bgy. 2 resident, Personal
interview, April 12, 2014) [So far, what I know is that it was through bandilyo,
there were no other forms. They did not have an information drive for the
typhoon].

However, one key informant mentioned about drills being conducted in the municipality,

“May-ada hira sinisiring nga drill. Nag-conduct maat an mga pulis. Ginpapabulig
naman an mga tanod. Pero an nanbulig hat an mga tanod, an barangay officials
han ira pinaka-drill. Kanan earthquake man ngane at ada, diri kanan typhoon nga
drill.” (Bgy. 4 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [There were drills. It
was conducted by the police officers. Barangay tanods were encouraged to join.
However, barangay tanods and barangay officials joined those drills. It was even
I think for earthquakes and not for typhoons].

This only shows that the local government focused on only one means of informing and educating

the constituents about the preparations for the upcoming typhoon that is through what they call

bandilyo. Furthermore, in conducting drills, not all citizens are informed and it only focuses on

barangay officials. The said key informant was informed about the drill for the reason that her

34
residence is near the municipal plaza where the said drill was conducted. When asked about the

measures that the local government utilized to communicate with the constituents about the said

typhoon, majority of the key informants answered by saying that it was only through bandilyo.

Others said that it was through the barangay officials and it was then disseminated to the people.

“Nakipag-meeting han leaders, han heads. An mga barangay captains na an nag-

disseminate han mga tawo.” (Bgy. 4 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014)
[There was a meeting of the leaders, of the heads. It was the barangay captains
who disseminated the information to the people].

Communication to the constituents about preparations for super typhoon Yolanda was also

through what they call bandilyo. Although the local government of Balangkayan, E. Samar only

focused on bandilyos in informing, educating and communicating with the residents about the

preparations for super typhoon Yolanda, majority of the key informants were thankful and

satisfied with the local government’s action on this matter. One key informant asserted that,

“Oo gad. Dako nga pakabulig kay kun waray, may mga hibang kay dako gud at
nga tubig.” (Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [Yes, of course. It
was a big help for without that (bandilyo), many could have died because the
water was so high].

This supports the idea that even without a formal and legal plan of how the local government will

inform, educate and communicate with the people for the preparations for upcoming disasters,

the constituents were contented with the efforts of their local government. Furthermore,

cooperation with the government in times of calamities is another factor which affects the

disaster preparedness of a community. It is important that constituents cooperate with the local

government such that it has the responsibility to prepare for disasters and secure its people. In

this sense, without the cooperation of the people, efforts of the government to prepare for such

calamities would be useless. When asked if they cooperated with the local government in

preparing for super typhoon Yolanda, 15 out of 25 key informants answered by saying that they

35
have cooperated with the government through preparing their household and at the same time

evacuating to upland areas. As stated by one key informant,

“An sistema han pagsugot han gobyerno an gi-uupayi nga pakipagsumpayan han
gobyerno.” (Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [The system of
following the government is the best way to cooperate with the government].

Moreover, 10 key informants asserted that they did not cooperate with the government.

According to one key informant,

“Ha amon waray. Basta kay aram na mait nam dinhe it kahimtang hit
Balangkayan nga sugad hit nga talaga it Balangkayan nakuku-an hit tsunami,
storm surge, asya iton. Kay han dati han 1984, it nga Undang dako dama at nga
bagyo nga inabot dinhe. An Barangay 1 and 3 asya dama at an apektado han
storm surge.” (Bgy. 3 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [We did not
cooperate since we already know the situation of Balangkayan. Balangkayan is
prone to tsunamis, storm surge. Because in 1984, typhoon Undang was also a
strong typhoon that hit our place. Barangays 1 and 3 were also affected by the
storm surge].

It was not the first time that Balangkayan, Eastern Samar experienced a storm surge. In 1984, it

was also hit by typhoon Undang which also created a storm surge. Because of this experience in

the past, some of the people were already expecting that the sea level would rise just like what

happened in 1984. With the knowledge that the sea level rises in times of strong typhoons, some

citizens who experienced typhoon Undang were already aware of what they should do and where

they should be in cases of strong typhoons. This led to personal efforts in preparing for super

typhoon Yolanda and not much about relying on the government on what to do to prepare.

According to the case study conducted, most citizens tied and covered their appliances and other

things, some carried their appliances to the second floor of their houses and others brought what

they can bring when they evacuated. Most key informants prepared for super typhoon Yolanda

by evacuating to upland areas. Although some of the citizens asserted that evacuation centers

were provided by the local government, majority of the key informants said that there were no

formal evacuation centers.

36
 “Ha pagkahadto pa, waray gud evacuation centers. Pero atleast may-ada gud
pwede pag-evacuatan.” (Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [Even
before, there were really no evacuation centers. But atleast there is a place where
people can evacuate].

“Ada manhinpatigayon na yak la hat. An iba nakadi ha iskuylahan. Waray pormal

nga impormasyon tikang han gobyerno. Ambot kun di ko la dama hat pagbati.”
(Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [It was only through
everyone’s effort. Others stayed at the school (Balangkayan Central Elementary
School). There was no formal information from the government. I don’t know if I
just wasn’t able to hear from them].

According to the data gathered, in the past, there were really no formal evacuation centers for

Balangkayanons in case of strong typhoons. The Balangkayan Central Elementary School and

Talisay Elementary School were considered by the citizens as evacuation centers but it was

through their own efforts since they can see that these places are located in higher grounds.

However, a few key informants asserted that it was mentioned in bandilyos that citizens can

evacuate to the Central Elementary School and Talisay Elementary School. Consequently, majority

of the key informants insisted that Balangkayan Central Elementary School is not a good and safe

evacuation center. Some reasons were as follows:

“..asya nga nahulop kunta ak pagkadto kay magmadako pa ngani an hangin

matatanggal manla gihap an mga atop….so pag ha site, may ada ta na pero iton
construction waray kay umigo ngani iton hangin, matatanggalan, asya la gihap.”
(Bgy. 1 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [I was worried to go (Central
Elementary School) since if the wind had been stronger, the roofs will also be
destroyed…in the site, we already have one but the construction is not good, if
the wind was stronger, rooftops will be destroyed. It’s just the same].

“50-50 it ak opinion kay han yana nga bagyo nga Yolanda nakita ko nga diri hiya
sapat nga it tawo dinhi ma-accommodate didto kay susruok. Kay kami ngani,
actually hi ako dida nala ak han may C.R…Mahumok it tuna dida possible nga
mag-soil erosion.” (Bgy. 2 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [I have a
50-50 opinion because during typhoon Yolanda, I saw that it (Central Elementary
School) wasn’t able to accommodate the residents present because there is little
space. I even actually stayed at the C.R…The soil is soft there and soil erosion is
possible].

“It dida ha elementary diri gud it hiya ura-ura hit kaligtas…It dida ha elementary
kay bukid, landslide. Pareho na mait hit nagpaparik. Maupay naman la kunta kun
mayda hit iba nga gintatayo.” (Bgy. 2 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014)

37
 [In elementary school, it is not really safe…It is located in a mountain but prone
to landslide. It’s as if the soil is already eroding. It is better if there is another
evacuation center being constructed].

Majority of the key informants specified that Balangkayan Central Elementary School, the

temporary evacuation centers of the residents, is not really a safe place since it is prone to

landslides, the construction is not suitable for strong winds and that it can only accommodate few

people. The other temporary evacuation center, the Talisay Elementary School, was considered

by most key informants as safe since it is located at a higher area and not prone to landslide. In

addition, the key informants said that rescue equipment were provided by the local government

such as life jackets, ambulance, fire truck, ropes and a rubber boat. However, the rubber boat was

not used since it was already damaged. Also, majority of the key informants said that relief goods

were prepared by the local government even before the typhoon occurred. Although majority

said that everybody was able to receive the said relief goods, some were not informed, hence,

they were not able to receive the relief goods. One key informant asserted that one reason why

everybody was not able to receive the said relief goods is that,

“Diri man ubos, political man dida…Maaram ka nama hit mga color-coding.” (Bgy.
2 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [Not all were able to receive (relief
goods), it was political. You know, color-coding].

According to this statement, giving of relief goods was politicized in the sense that only those in

line with the party received more benefits from distribution of relief goods. Furthermore, the key

informants stated that their local departments coordinated with each other. These local

departments were: DSWD, RHU, MDRRMC, MPDC, Engineering Office, PNP, DILG, DA, and DepEd.

Some answered by saying that they did not know about the coordination among local

departments.

Majority of the key informants asserted that they were satisfied with the measures the

government undertook to prepare for super typhoon Yolanda. Key informants said that,

38
 “Kuntento na ga ak dara nga yana la nga pang-gobyernuhan an waray hunong
nga paglinibot-libot nga likas na kamo bisan han una nga bagyo, waray, yana la
at.” (Bgy. 3 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [I am satisfied since it is
just in this administration that they went around the town to constantly remind
the people to evacuate. Even in typhoons in the past, no one did that. It just
happened now].

“Kuntento. Dara nga informed an molupyo nga mag-evacuate kami salit wara
napinsala han tawo. Wara namatay.” (Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview, April
12, 2014) [Satisfied. Because the residents were informed to evacuate, no one
was hurt. Nobody died].

On the other hand, despite that the majority of the key informants were satisfied with how the

government prepared for super typhoon Yolanda, majority of key informants from Barangay 2

stated that they were not satisfied with the preparations made by the local government.

“Ambot. Ada kay sinisiring ma it nga color-coding, kunta sugad hiton.” (Bgy. 2
resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [I don’t know. There is what they call
color-coding, like that].

“In my part, kulang in the sense siguro nga kulang hin time ngahin it amon lugar
kulang talaga hin place nga eksakto nga magkakamay-ada evacuation center
urog surrounded gud kami hit water and low area gud it Balangkayan and siguro
kun nagprepare at hira, not enough.” (Bgy. 2 resident, Personal interview, April
12, 2014) [In my part, it lacked in the sense that I think because there was little
time and our place really lacks a location where evacuation centers can be built
especially that we are surrounded with water and Balangkayan is located at a low
area. And I think if they have prepared, it was not enough].

From the data gathered, Barangay 2 residents were mainly dissatisfied with the preparations of

the local government since politicking was involved and there is a lack of evacuation centers for

the residents.

As citizens of the municipality of Balangkayan, E. Samar, the key informants were asked

by the researchers about their suggestions to improve the disaster preparedness of their

municipality. Most key informants suggested that the government must provide evacuation

centers which are safe, not only from typhoons but also from floods and evacuation centers which

can accommodate the residents.

39
 “…magku-an hin evacuation center nga safe nga lugar nga damo it makak-occupy
ngan diri crowded. Kasi it iskuylahan it usa nga room, kun damo it anak diri
masakto.” (Bgy. 4 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [There should be
an evacuation center that is a safe place and that can accommodate a number of
people and is not crowded. Because in a school, in one room, a family with many
children would not be accommodated].

“Kailangan it LGU mag-provide hin usa pa nga evacuation center nga safe talaga
nga lugar. Safe diri la hit bagyo pati hit mga baha..” (Bgy. 4 resident, Personal
interview, April 10, 2014) [The LGU should provide another evacuation center
which is safe. Safe not only from typhoons, but also from floods..].
Second, there should be an increased awareness for disaster preparedness from the local

government by conducting Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) trainings for the

residents and not only for government leaders.

“Ipadayon it nga DRRM, magkamay-ada hit mga seminars. Diri la sugad hit
leaders, pati mga molupyo dapat..” (Bgy. 3 resident, Personal interview, April 10,
2014) [Continue the DRRM, there should be seminars. Not only for leaders, but
also for the residents..].

Third, there should also be public meetings about preparations for upcoming disasters so

that people will cooperate and there should also be regular information drive of concerned offices

and cooperation between the local government and the community.

“Dapat maghatag hira hin special nga public hearing kun ano it, public meeting
sugad hiton basi magkaka-urusa kun ano it dapat gawin, kun tika-in ka sugad
hiton..” (Bgy. 3 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [They should conduct
a public hearing or what they call it, public meeting like that, for cooperation on
what should be done, or where you will go..].

“Una para hiton community, regular nga information drive hit concerned nga
offices. Ikaduha, siguro iton cooperation hiton komunidad, it aton local officials..”
(Bgy. 2 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [First for the community,
regular information drive of the concerned offices. Second, I think the
cooperation of the community with the local officials..].

Fourth, they suggested for hazard maps and signs focusing on all calamities (i.e.

earthquake, fires, etc.).

“Magkamay-ada hin hazard map kay didto naman la kita hat hibaro han bagyo
na tapos mga sign board kun hain iton way, kay didto lugod ha baryo mayda,
dinhe lugod ha poblacion waray kita..” (Bgy. 1 resident, Personal interview, April
12, 2014) [There should be a hard map because it was only during the typhoon

40
 when we learned and there should be sign boards showing routes, because there
is (sign boards) in barrios unlike here in poblacion..].

Fifth, there should be adequate rescue equipment in times of difficulty of evacuation and

for immediate rescue operations.

“Dapat mayda equipments nga mahibubulig hit gobyerno hin oras hit gipit nga
panlikas para hit madagmit nga pag-rescue.” (Bgy. 5 resident, Personal interview,
April 12, 2014) [There should be equipments provided by the government in
times of difficulty of evacuation and for immediate rescue operations].
Sixth, relief goods should be distributed one day before the calamity and that everyone

must receive relief goods and not just for a few selected people.

“Halimbawa, labi na hit pagkaon kunta kun mayda relief goods mas advance
bisan la it one day before hiton nga kalamidad, mas maupay siguro.” (Bgy. 2
resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [For example, especially in food, if
there are relief goods, it should be distributed in advance. Even just one day
before that calamity, I think it would be better].

“It mga relief goods kunta gintutuhay it nira, diri may puray-puray la nga
pinananagan suga kunta hit ha am, kinahanglan nam kunta it parte sugad hiton.”
(Bgy. 2 resident, Personal interview, April 12, 2014) [Relief goods should be
properly distributed and not just selecting a few people to be given. Like us, we
also need it].

Seventh, there should be good governance, better plans and there should be sincerity of

the barangay officials in doing their jobs since they are close to the constituents.

“Magin maupay it pagkapot hit pang-gobyernuhan ngan maupay pa nga mga

plano kay waray man dama hit upay kun diri magka-urusa.” (Bgy. 2 resident,
Personal interview, April 11, 2014) [There should be good governance and better
plans because it is not good if people would not cooperate].

Eighth, there should be a budget for the development of the seawall.

“Nasing ma at nga mayda na budget para han seawall ngan unta magkamay-ada
na.’ (Bgy. 3 resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [They said there was
already a budget for the seawall and I really hope that there will be soon].

Ninth, the residents should cooperate by informing each other about preparations for

upcoming calamities and that the residents should not just wait for their local government unit to

take action.

41
 “Ngan it komunidad diri la maghinulat hit LGU tapos may-ada dapat disiplina ngan
kaulangan magburublig ngin may-ada mga kalamidad. Mag-inform hit igkasi-tawo
hin may-ada kalamidad para ngatanan prepared.” (Bgy. 4 resident, Personal
interview, April 11, 2014) [The community should not just wait for the LGU and
there should be discipline and cooperation. The people should inform each other
about upcoming typhoons so that everyone will be prepared].

Lastly, there should be active cooperation of the constituents together with the local

government because even if the local government would invest efforts to prepare for upcoming

disasters, but if constituents would not cooperate, these efforts would still be useless. Citizens

should also be disciplined and should evacuate to higher places in times of calamities.

“Magka-urusa it mga tawo. Kun ano an igmando, sundon.” (Bgy. 5 resident,

Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [There should be cooperation among the
people. The government’s advise should be followed].

“It cooperation hit mga tawo. Bisan pa ano nga panalingkamot hit gobyerno kun
diri ma-cooperate it mga tawo, waray la gihap gamit. Kinahanglan alisto hit pag-
cooperate, pagbulig hit im kalugaringon. Pagiging disiplinado liwat.” (Bgy. 5
resident, Personal interview, April 10, 2014) [The cooperation of the people.
Efforts of the government will only be useless if the people will not cooperate.
One should be alert in cooperating, also in helping yourself. And also being
disciplined].

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A. SUMMARY

This study sought to determine the disaster preparedness of the municipality of

Balangkayan, Eastern Samar utilizing a case study through nested sampling for each of the

poblacion barangays of the said municipality. The indicators used for this study are: (1) the

availability of a disaster preparedness plan, (2) the activities made by the local government unit

in preparation for super typhoon Yolanda, and (3) the views of the civil society regarding the

disaster preparedness of their locality. This case study focused on the information and views of

42
the 36 key informants with 25 key informants from the civil society, and 11 key informants from

the local government which include the five barangay captains of the poblacion barangays.

On the other hand, some officials provided limited answers to the questions pertaining to

the content of the disaster preparedness plan of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar for the reason that

the disaster plan had not been handed by the previous administration. This shows the lack of

coordination between the former and the present administration and the officers in particular.

Subsequently, there was no disaster preparedness plan available at the time the researchers

conducted this case study. Moreover, the incumbent barangay chairman in Barangay 3 was not

yet elected in the position during the event of super typhoon Yolanda. In line with this, the

researchers were required to interview the former barangay chairman in Barangay 3 about the

disaster preparedness of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar for the purpose of gathering ample data.

The study found that there is no existing disaster preparedness plan in the municipality

of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar notwithstanding the mandate from the national government to

prepare and implement DRRM action plans. However, there were no recorded casualties in the

said municipality during super typhoon Yolanda. Informal preparation plans were utilized such as

the so-called bandilyo or going around the town to inform and communicate with the people with

regards to the upcoming typhoon. There were also clearing operations before the typhoon and

although not everyone were able to receive relief goods, the local government provided relief

goods before the typhoon. Rescue equipment were also provided such as a 100-meter rope, 10

life jackets, an ambulance, a fire truck, flashlights and life rings. Furthermore, majority of the key

informants were satisfied with the preparations made by their local government.

Moreover, suggestions were gathered from the key informants with regards to the

improvement of the disaster preparedness of their municipality. These suggestions include the

provision of evacuation centers which are safe, not only from typhoons but also from floods and

43
evacuation centers which can accommodate the residents. Second, the conduction of Disaster

Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) trainings for the residents and not only for government

leaders for an increased awareness for disaster preparedness from the local government. Third,

the conduction of public meetings about preparations for upcoming disasters and a regular

information drive of concerned offices and cooperation between the local government and the

community. Fourth, the creation of hazard maps and signs focusing on all calamities (i.e.

earthquake, fires, etc.). Fifth, the provision of adequate rescue equipment in times of difficulty of

evacuation and for immediate rescue operations. Sixth, the distribution of relief goods for

everyone a day before the calamity. Seventh, the existence of good governance and plans for

cooperation. Eighth, a budget allocation for the development of the seawall. Ninth, the

responsibility and cooperation among residents and between the local government and the

constituents. Lastly, an improved discipline and an active cooperation of the constituents with the

local government.

B. CONCLUSION

The results of the study have provided answers to the objectives which focused on the

availability of the disaster plan, the activities of the Local Government Officials in Balangkayan,

Eastern Samar in preparation for super typhoon Yolanda and the views of the local Civil Society

with regards to the preparedness of the said municipality in the case of super typhoon Yolanda.

The study incited interest due to the fact that, in the absence of a formal or written

disaster plan, the actions concerning disaster preparedness has been successfully executed in the

municipality of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar. In line with this, the researchers ascertained that

some factors were therefore considerable with regards to this gap. On the other hand, the lack of

a disaster plan reveals a cause for a malfunction of the system as a whole since it is imperative for

44
local governments to formulate a document, specifically the disaster plan that would contain

methods for preparations in the event of a disaster. A disaster plan would provide the best set of

techniques in relation to mitigation, preparedness, response and rehabilitation for calamities,

according to the Modern Disaster Theory. However, it cannot be justified as in the case of the

municipality of Balangkayan, Eastern Samar and other communities lacking disaster plans that

have recorded no casualty and have still directed good results as in the case of preparedness.

Although the study indicated popular satisfaction among the local constituents with regards to

the preparations made by the local government, the results do not warrant the latter to withdraw

the formulation of a disaster plan. Without a disaster plan that the local government would

adhere to, this shows us that the participation of the constituents played a big role in preparation

for super typhoon Yolanda vis-à-vis the preparations executed by the local government. As one

of the indicators of good governance, participation is exactly essential since the accomplishment

of the duties and responsibilities of the local government would deeply depend the local on the

participation of local constituents. In this study, local civil society’s participation with the local

government officials was exemplified in the constituents’ acts of preparing their own households

and later proceeding to the evacuation centers, considering the consistent announcement of the

information about the upcoming super typhoon and even during the implementation of forced

evacuations for families located in highly vulnerable areas.

In addition to local participation, the previous experiences of local residents on strong

typhoons and storm surges have contributed to the ease of persuasion on the part of the local

officials concerning the evacuation of the residents. Furthermore, the study revealed that due to

these previous experiences on disasters particularly typhoons, the local civil society have

characterized a sense of resilience in the case of the super typhoon Yolanda. Even with the

nonexistence of a disaster plan, local constituents were able to create their own preparatory

45
measures on the basis of their past typhoon experiences and they were also able to consider the

vulnerability of the location of their municipality. Thus, casualties were not recorded even though

there were evident damages of properties.

C. RECOMMENDATIONS

For purpose of future studies regarding disaster preparedness, the following should be

considered:

1. Local levels experience the direct effects of disasters. It is therefore highly recommended

that future studies regarding disaster preparedness be conducted at local levels in order

to improve their preparations for upcoming calamities.

2. This study looked into the disaster preparedness on the local level. Nevertheless, future

studies may also be conducted on the analysis of the national government’s

implementation of R.A No. 10121 (Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

Act of 2010), specifically on disaster preparedness, from the national, provincial and local

level.

3. Future studies may also focus on the formulation and execution of the disaster

preparedness plan of a community.

4. Other researchers may conduct comparisons among localities with respect to the disaster

preparedness of each community.

5. Since this study focused on only one priority area of the National Disaster Risk Reduction

Management Plan, future studies may be conducted on the implementation of disaster

mitigation, response and rehabilitation on the local level.

46
 Inasmuch as this study looked into the disaster preparedness of the municipality of

Balangkayan, E. Samar, the researches recommend the following in order to further improve

disaster preparedness in the said municipality:

1. Disaster preparedness is given less importance in the local level. Therefore it is

recommended that the national government should monitor the implementation of R.A.

10121 from the national, provincial and into the local level considering that Philippines is

prone to typhoons and other calamities.

2. It is also recommended that all local governments must create disaster preparedness

plans that would be suitable to the location and situation of the area, having the NDRRMP

as a guide.

3. In order to enhance local government transparency, it is recommended that the local

government would declare their activities concerning disaster preparedness such as the

preparation of relief goods and the designated evacuation sites for the local constituents.

4. The local government should provide safe evacuation centers that can accommodate the

residents in times of calamities.

5. It is also recommended that the expertise of the members of the Local DRRM Council be

enhanced for the purpose of improving their activities with regards to preparations for

disasters.

6. The researchers suggest that there should be seminars and trainings conducting drills on

disaster preparedness in the community that would involve local officials and

representatives in every household.

7. According to the data gathered, Balangkayan, E. Samar is prone to storm surge. Early

warning systems such as the bandilyo and relocation of houses located near the shoreline

are recommended.

47
8. Pamphlets containing preparatory measures and hazard maps must be provided in every

barangay to enhance community awareness on disasters.

48
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Albrito, Paola. Making Cities Resilient: Increasing Resilience to Disasters at the Local Level. Journal
of Business Community and Emergency Planning Vol. 5, No. 4, 2012.

Allen, Katrina. Community-based disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacity-
building in the Philippines. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2006.

BBC News. November 22, 2013. “Typhoon Haiyan death toll rises over 5,000”
Retrieved May 21, 2014 from <http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-25051606>

Burchill, Scott, Andrew Linklater, Richard Devetak, Jack Donnelly, Matthew Paterson, Christian
Reus Smith and Jacqui True. Theories of International Relations. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2005.

Carcellar, Norberto, Jason Christopher Rayos Co and Zarina Hipolito. Addressing Disaster Risk
Reduction through Community-rooted interventions in the Philippines: experience of the
Homeless People’s Federation of the Philippines. Sage Publication, 2011.

Chen, Jim. Modern Disaster Theory: Evaluating Disaster Law as a Portfolio of Legal Rules. Emory
of International Law, Volume 25, 2011.

Cox, Louis Anthony, Jr. Community Resilience and Decision Theory Challenges for Catastrophic
Events. Risk Analysis, Vol. 32, No. 11, 2012.

Dekens, Julie. Local Knowledge for Disaster Preparedness. Kathmandu, Nepal: International
Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, 2007.

Denzin, Norman K. and Yvonna S. Lincoln. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. SAGE
Publications, Inc., 2011.

Department of Interior and Local Government, Balangkayan Eastern Samar. 2013.

Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual. Department of Education, 2008.

Drabek, Thomas. Theories Relevant to Emergency Management Versus a Theory of Emergency
Management. Denver, Colorado, 2004.

Gaillard, J.C. and Jessica Mercer. From Knowledge to Action: Bridging gaps in Disaster Risk
Reduction. Sage Publication, 2012.

Gerber, Brian and Scott E. Robinson. Local Government Performance and the Challenges of
Regional Preparedness for disasters. Public Performance and Management Review, Vol.
32, No. 3. M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2009.

GMA News. November 12, 2013. “No casualties, but 400 homes lost in Balangkayan, Eastern
Samar” Retrieved May 21, 2014 from
<http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/335122/news/regions/no-casualties-but-
400-homes-lost-in-balangkayan-eastern-samar>

Haimes, Yacov. System Based Approach to Preparedness for, Response to, and Recovery from
Natural and Human-made Disasters. Leadership and Management Engineering, 2012.

Henstra, Daniel. Evaluating Local Government Emergency Management Programs: What

Framework Should Public Managers Adopt? Public Administration Review, 2010.

Heywood, Andrew. Politics. USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

Hyogo Framework for Action Guidance and Indicator Package, 2008.

Miller, Claude, Bradley Adame, and Scott Moore. Vested Interest Theory and Disaster
Preparedness. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2013.

National Disater Risk Reduction Management Plan, 2011.

National Geographic Daily News. 2013. “Super Typhoon Haiyan Headed Towards Philippines”
Retrieved May 21, 2014 from
<http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/131106-supertyphoon-haiyan-
yolanda-philippines/>
Onwuegbuzie, Anthony J. and Nancy L. Leech. Sampling Designs in Qualitative Research: Making
the Sampling Process More Public. Vol. 12, No. 2 of The Qualitative Report. 2007.

Philippine Statistics Authority, as of 2010.

Republic Act No. 10121, 2010.

Somers, Scott and James H. Svara. Assessing and Manging Environmental Risk: Connecting Local
Government Management with Emergency Management. City of Mesa, Arizona, n.d.

Sunstar Publishing. December 1, 2013. “Typhoon Yolanda death toll at 5,632; damage at P30.8B”
Retrieved May 21, 2014 from <http://www.sunstar.com.ph/breaking-
news/2013/12/01/typhoon-yolanda-death-toll-5632-damage-p308b-316527>

United States Department of Homeland Security. 2014.

Wolensky, Robert and Kenneth C. Wolensky. Local Government’s Problem with Disaster
Management: A Literature Review and Structural Analysis. Policy Studies Review, Vol. 9,
No. 4, 1990.

World Health Organization. 2014. Retrieved May 21, 2014 from

<http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/preparedness/en/>
 APPENDIX 1

DAMAGE REPORT IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, E. SAMAR AFTER

SUPER TYPHOON YOLANDA AS OF NOVEMBER 12, 2013
 DAMAGE REPORT – TYPHOON YOLANDA
TOTAL FAMILIES AFFECTED: 2,276 (100%)
TOTAL POPULATION: 10,226 (100%)
BARANGAYS: 15
FAMILIES EVACUATED: 1,052
EVACUATION CENTERS: 2 (ELEM. SCHOOLS)

DAMAGES ESTIMATED COSTS (PHP)

HOMELESS/WASHED OUT
TOTALLY DAMAGED DWELLING UNIT: 584 (25%) - 58.4 M
PARTIALLY DAMAGED DWELING UNIT: 1,451 (63.75%) - 72.5 M

LOST LIVELIHOOD INCOME SOURCES

AGRICULTURAL (CROPS/LIVESTOCK) : 96 M
FISHERY (FISHING BOATS/BANCAS) : 60 units 4 M
HOME INDUSTRIES : 40 units 7 M
SARI-SARI STORES : 90 units 1.2 M

DAMAGED TO AGRICULTURE
SWINE,POULTRY : 12.5 M
COCONUT (1750 hcs. ) : 66 M
RICE (550 hcs.) : 4.5 M
ROOTCROPS (150 hcs.) : 12 M
DAMAGES TO GOVERNMENT EST. COST (PHP)
INFRASTRUCTURES / UTILITIES
POWER (STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM) : 2.5 M
WATER : 8 M
COMMUNICATION (ICT EQUIPMENTS) : 2.5 M
OFFICE FIXTURES & EQUIPMENTS : 3 M
FOOD TERMINAL BUILDING : 2 M
HEALTH CENTER : 2M
MUNICIPAL HALL : 2 M
SCHOOL BUILDINGS : 1.0 M
SPORTS & RECREATION CENTER : 1.5 M
PARKS & RESORT : 5 M
BARANGAY HALLS : 4.0 M
ROADS : 12 M
 APPENDIX 2

LETTER OF REQUEST TO INTERVIEW INFORMANTS IN THE

MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR
 APPENDIX 3

INTERVIEW GUIDE (ENGLISH)

A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN,

EASTERN SAMAR: THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Local Government Officials concerned with the Disaster Preparedness Plan)

Informant No. ____

We are very interested in acquiring your response about your preparations in relation to

super typhoon Yolanda. The first part will be your demographic profile and the second part will

focus on a case study among local government officials concerned with the disaster preparedness

plan in your community. Please note: This case study is strictly confidential and will only be used

for research purposes.

Part I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Name : _____________________________________

B. Age : _____________________________________

C. Sex : Male Female

D. Barangay : _____________________________________

E. Occupation/Position: _____________________________________
Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Do you have an existing disaster plan in your municipality?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2. When was your disaster plan crafted?

________________________________________________________________________

3. How many times have you revised your disaster plan?

________________________________________________________________________

4. Is there a memorandum coming from the national government regarding the upcoming

typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what measures did you first undertake?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

If no, please proceed to the next question.

5. Did the local government review the existing disaster preparedness plan, considering the

intensity of super typhoon Yolanda?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what elements (i.e. communication plans, lines of authority, dissemination

plans, etc.) did you modify to improve your existing disaster preparedness plan?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what were the reasons of not reviewing the existing disaster preparedness

plan?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

6. How many times did the local government meet to review the said plan?

________________________________________________________________________

7. Who were involved in the revision?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
8. Did the local government utilize an information plan for the awareness of the community

with regards to the upcoming typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what forms of information plans did you utilize?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what did the local government did to foster the awareness of the

community with regards to the upcoming typhoon?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

9. Did the local government utilize a communication plan before the typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, how did you implement the said communication plan?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what did the local government do to foster communication with the

constituents regarding the typhoon?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
10. Did the local government hold a seminar for conducting drills for response in relation to

the upcoming typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes,

Who were in-charge of the seminar?

___________________________________________________________

How many individuals were trained?

___________________________________________________________

Who were the participants?

___________________________________________________________

If no, please proceed to the next question.

11. Did you distribute pamphlets regarding preparedness for effective response during

calamities?

________________________________________________________________________

12. Is there an existing local DRRM council in the municipality?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, who are involved in the said local DRRM council?

_________________________________________________________________
 _________________________________________________________________

If no, why is there no existing local DRRM council?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

13. Is the existing local DRRM council fully functional?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, please proceed to the next question.

If no, why is it not fully functional?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

14. Is there a particular team in-charge in addressing disaster preparedness in the

community?

________________________________________________________________________

15. Did all the local departments coordinate with regards to preparations for the expected

disaster?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
 If yes, what were these departments?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what were the shortcomings encountered?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

16. Did the citizens coordinate with the government?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what were their concerns?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what steps were undertaken in order to foster local coordination in the

community with regards to the preparation for the upcoming typhoon?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
17. Did you organize a rescue team for the upcoming calamity?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, who were the members of the assigned team?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, please proceed to the next question.

18. Did you prepare equipment for rescue operations?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what specific equipment did you prepare?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what shortcomings did you encounter?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
19. Did you prepare for a sufficient supply of relief goods that will be distributed to all

residents?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what type of goods did you prepare?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, what shortcomings did you encounter?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

20. Did you assign a particular department to facilitate the evacuation of people located in

vulnerable locations in the municipality?

________________________________________________________________________

If yes, what were the assigned department/s?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

If no, please proceed to the next question.

21. What measures did you take in order to assure that the location/s of the evacuation

centers were not also susceptible to the risk?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

22. What other preparations did you undertake with regards to super typhoon Yolanda?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Thank You!
 A CASE STUDY ON THE PREPAREDNESS PHASE OF THE DISASTER PLAN IN THE MUNICIPALITY
OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR: THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Civil Society)

Informant No. ________

We are very interested in acquiring your response about your preparations in relation to

super typhoon Yolanda. The first part will be your demographic profile and the second part will

focus on your actual preparatory behavior with regards to super typhoon Yolanda. Please note:

This interview is strictly confidential and will only be used for research purposes.

Part I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

1. Name (Optional) : _____________________________________

2. Age : _____________________________________

3. Sex : Male Female

4. Barangay : _____________________________________

5. Occupation : _____________________________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Are you aware that local governments are mandated to prepare, budget for and

implement DRRM action plans?

________________________________________________________________________

2. Is there an existing DRRM Council in your municipality?

________________________________________________________________________
3. Are they fully responsible in initiating for preparations for upcoming disasters?

________________________________________________________________________

4. What information from the local government did you receive about typhoon Yolanda a

few days before its landfall?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5. Did they distribute pamphlets or other written materials on how to prepare for upcoming

disasters?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6. What steps did the local government undertake to inform and educate the citizens for

the upcoming typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
7. What measures did the local government utilized to communicate with the constituents

about the said typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8. Were these efforts able to help you prepare for the said typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

9. Did you actually cooperate with your local government? Why or why not?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

10. Upon knowing about the upcoming calamity, what steps did you undertake in order to

prepare your household?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
11. Did your family evacuate?

________________________________________________________________________

12. Where did you evacuate?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

13. Did the local government provid evacuation center/s?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

14. From your point of view, are those evacuation centers safe?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

15. Did the local government provide rescue equipment?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

16. What were those rescue equipment?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

17. Did the local government prepare relief goods that will be distributed to the citizens after

the typhoon?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

18. Did you actually receive relief goods from the local government?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
19. Did everyone received those relief goods?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

20. What do you think are the reasons why all or not all constituents received the said aid

from the local government?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

21. From what you know, did local departments coordinate with each other?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

22. What are these departments?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
23. Were you satisfied with the measures that the government undertook?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

24. As a citizen, what are your suggestions to improve the disaster preparedness of your

community?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Thank You!
 APPENDIX 4

INTERVIEW GUIDE (WARAY-WARAY)

A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Local Government Officials concerned with Disaster Preparedness)
Informant No. ____

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

1. Ngaran : ______________________________________
2. Edad : ______________________________________
3. Kasarian : ___ Lalaki ___ Babaye
4. Barangay : ______________________________________
5. Trabaho : ______________________________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. May-ada ba kamo disaster plan dinhe ha iyo bungto?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. Kakan-o paghimu-a an iyo disaster plan?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Makapira na niyo pagbag-oha ini nga iyo disaster plan?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. May ada ba memorandum nga iyo nakarawat tikang ha national government hi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an iyo siyahan nga ginbuhat?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, pagpadayun han sunod nga paki-ana.

5. Ginkita ba ngahaw han iyo lokal nga gobyerno an iyo disaster plan han ti-arabot an bagyo
Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga butang an iyo ginbag-o para pa-upayon pa an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
 Kun diri, ano an mga rason nga waray na niyo kulawi ngahaw an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

6. Makapira kamo pag-meeting para i-review an iyo disaster preparedness plan?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7. Hin-o an mga bulig han pagbag-o han iyo disaster preparedness plan?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8. Naghimo ba kamo hin plano han pagpahibaro han mga tawo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pagpasabot han mga mulopyo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano man an iyo ginbuhat parte han pagpahibaro han mga tawo?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
9. May-ada ba kamo communication plan?
________________________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat han pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

10. May-ada ba seminar nga may-ada drills an lokal nga gobyerno para han pagresponde han
ti-arabot nga bagyo?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada,
Hin-o an nanguna han seminar?
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
 Pira nga mga mulopyo an nag-training?
___________________________________________________________

Hira hin-o an mga bulig?

___________________________________________________________

Kun waray, alayon pagpadayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

11. Nanhatag ba kamo hin pamphlets o iba pa nga sinurat hi-unong han pag-andam para han
epektibo nga pagresponde han kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________

12. May-ada ba kamo yana lokal nga DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?
________________________________________________________________________

Kun mayda, hira hin-o an bulig hine nga lokal nga DRRM Council?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, kay ano nga waray niyo lokal nga DRRM Council?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

13. Aktibo ba an iyo lokal nga DRRM Council?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________
 Kun oo, padayon ha sunod nga paki-ana.

Kun diri, kay ano diri aktibo an iyo DRRM Council?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

14. May ada ba nangunguna nga mga tawo dinhe ha iyo komunidad hini nga pag-andam para
hit mga kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

15. Nagigibulig-bulig ba it iyo mga lokal nga departamento (pananglitan it DepEd, DILG ngan
iba pa) para mag-andam para hit ti-arabot nga kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ini nga mga eksakto nga departamento?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun diri, ano it iyo nakikita nga mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
16. Nakipagsumpayan ba an mga mulopyo han lokal nga gobyerno?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an ira karuyag ipasabot?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat para magibulig-bulig an mga tawo han iyo
komunidad para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

17. May-ada ba kamo rescue team para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada, hira hin-o an miyembro hine?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

18. Nag-andam ba kamo hin kagamitan para han rescue operations?

________________________________________________________________________
 Kun oo, ano nga mga kagamitan an iyo gin-andam?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

19. Nag-andam ba kamo hin eksakto nga suplay hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo?
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ine nga mga relief goods nga iyo gin-andam?
_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano nga mga pagkukulang an iyo inabat?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

20. Nag-assign ba kamo hin partikular nga departamento nga mangunguna han pagbalhin
ngadto han evacuation centers han mga mulopyo nga naukoy han mga delikado nga
lokasyon?
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga departamento an iyo gin-assign?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

21. Ano an iyo ginbuhat para masiguro nga libre o ligtas ini nga mga evacuation center/s?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

22. Ano pa an iba nga mga preparasyon an iyo ginbuhat parte han pangandaman han bagyo
Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Civil Society)
Informant No. ____

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran (Optional) : _______________________________________
B. Edad : _______________________________________
C. Kasarian : ___ Lalaki ___ Babaye
D. Barangay : _______________________________________
E. Trabaho : _______________________________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Maaram ba kamo nga an lokal nga gobyerno in ginmamando-an nga magpreparar, mag-
budget ngan mag-implementar hin Disaster Risk Reduction Management action plans?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

2. May-ada ba kamo DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Responsable ba hira han pangunguna han pagpreparar para han ti-arabot nga mga
kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. Ano nga mga impormasyon mahi-unong han bagyo Yolanda antis ine umabot an iyo
nahibaru-an tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

5. Nanhatag ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin pamphlets o iba pa nga mga sinurat hi-unong han
pag-andam para han ti-arabot nga kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. Ano an mga ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para magpahibaro ngan ma-edukar an mga
mulopyo han ti-arabot nga bagyo?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Ano an ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para makipag-himangraw han mga mulopyo hi-
unong han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8. Nakabulig ba ine nga mga panalinguha para kamo makapag-andam han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

9. Nakipagsumpayan ba kamo han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pag-andam han ti-
arabot nga bagyo? Kay ano oo? Kay ano waray?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

10. Han iyo hibaro nga may-ada ti-abot nga kalamidad, ano an iyo ginbuhat para maandam
an iyo panimalay?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. Nag-evacuate ba an iyo pamilya?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

12. Ngain kamo pag-evacuate?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

13. Nagpatigayon ba hin evacuation centers an iyo lokal nga gobyerno?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

14. Hit imo pagkita, ligtas ba ini nga evacuation centers?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

15. Nagpatigayon ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

16. Ano ini nga mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

17. Nag-andam ba an iyo lokal nga gobyerno hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo kahuman han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

18. Nakakarawat ba kamo hin relief goods tikang han iyo lokal nga gobyerno?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
19. Ngatanan ba nga mulopyo nakakarawat hin relief goods?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

20. Ha imo pagkita, ano an mga rason kun kay ano ngatanan o diri ngatanan nakakarawat
hini nga bulig tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

21. Ha imo pakasabot, nagburublig ba an mga lokal nga departamento ha iyo bungto parte
han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

22. Ano nga mga departamento an nagburublig?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

23. Kuntento ba kamo han pag-aksyon han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pangandaman
para han bagyo Yolanda? Kay ano?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
24. Komo usa nga mulopyo han iyo bungto, ano it iyo mga suhestiyon para mapa-upay pa
an pangandaman han iyo komunidad para hit mga posible nga ti-arabot pa nga mga
kalamidad?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 APPENDIX 5

TRANSCRIPT OF THE RESPONSES IN THE CASE STUDY

A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Local Government Officials concerned with Disaster Preparedness)
Informant No. __01__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran : _Hon. Allan Contado_____________________
B. Edad : _42_____________________________________
C. Kasarian : _x_ Lalaki ___ Babaye
D. Barangay : _Sitio Talisay___________________________
E. Trabaho : _Municipal Mayor_______________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. May-ada ba kamo disaster plan dinhe ha iyo bungto?
Diri formal an Disaster Preparedness Plan. Pag-assume ko han office, waray. We’re
making it as systematic as possible, inabutan ng Yolanda. Pina-fine tune pa siya,
incorporating all areas. Hindi lang bagyo, may sunog,
lindol.___________________________________________________________________

2. Kakan-o paghimu-a an iyo disaster plan?

 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. Makapira na niyo pagbag-oha ini nga iyo disaster plan?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

4. May ada ba memorandum nga iyo nakarawat tikang ha national government hi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
Actually, formally wala. In written memorandum wala, pero may warning through
DILG.___________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an iyo siyahan nga ginbuhat?

Nag-meeting ang MDRRMC Tuesday, November 5, tasking. Twice nag-meeting,
the other one han finance ngan acquisition of supplies, November 6 and all other
necessities that require local funding._____________________________

Kun waray, pagpadayun han sunod nga paki-ana.

5. Ginkita ba ngahaw han iyo lokal nga gobyerno an iyo disaster plan han ti-arabot an bagyo
Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga butang an iyo ginbag-o para pa-upayon pa an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Kun diri, ano an mga rason nga waray na niyo kulawi ngahaw an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
 _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

6. Makapira kamo pag-meeting para i-review an iyo disaster preparedness plan?

________________________________________________________________________

7. Hin-o an mga bulig han pagbag-o han iyo disaster preparedness plan?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

8. Naghimo ba kamo hin plano han pagpahibaro han mga tawo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pagpasabot han mga mulopyo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
Personally, pinupuntahan ang bawat barangay through Barangay Captains and
public warnings, the firetruck. The Disaster Team went house to house to warn
them and wait for updates and possible evacuation
action.____________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano man an iyo ginbuhat parte han pagpahibaro han mga tawo?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

9. May-ada ba kamo communication plan?

__Oo.___________________________________________________________________
 Kun may-ada, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
Face to face, through cellphone, our Disaster Team visited every barangay
through verbal, public warnings. Umikot ang firetruck, updating them about the
typhoon.__________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat han pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. May-ada ba seminar nga may-ada drills an lokal nga gobyerno para han pagresponde han
ti-arabot nga bagyo?
_Before me, siguro.________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada,
Hin-o an nanguna han seminar?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Pira nga mga mulopyo an nag-training?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Hira hin-o an mga bulig?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Kun waray, alayon pagpadayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

11. Nanhatag ba kamo hin pamphlets o iba pa nga sinurat hi-unong han pag-andam para han
epektibo nga pagresponde han kalamidad?
_During my term, when I assume office wala. It was, ilang buwan pa lang ako
nun.____________________________________________________________________

12. May-ada ba kamo yana lokal nga DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun mayda, hira hin-o an bulig hine nga lokal nga DRRM Council?
Headed by the Mayor, Vice-Chair and MDRRMO, DepEd, PNP, Engineering,
Municipal Planning and Development Office - MPDC, Civil Society and Department
of Agriculture.______________________________________________________

Kun waray, kay ano nga waray niyo lokal nga DRRM Council?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

13. Aktibo ba an iyo lokal nga DRRM Council?

Yup, right now. We have updates on upcoming typhoon, flashfloods, forest fires. Nangyari
yan satin before.__________________________________________________________

Kun oo, padayon ha sunod nga paki-ana.

Kun diri, kay ano diri aktibo an iyo DRRM Council?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

14. May ada ba nangunguna nga mga tawo dinhe ha iyo komunidad hini nga pag-andam para
hit mga kalamidad?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________
15. Nagigibulig-bulig ba it iyo mga lokal nga departamento para mag-andam para hit ti-arabot
nga kalamidad?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ini nga mga eksakto nga departamento?

_MDRRMC, MPDO, Engineering and Agriculture.__________________________

Kun diri, ano it iyo nakikita nga mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

16. Nakipagsumpayan ba an mga mulopyo han lokal nga gobyerno?

_Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an ira karuyag ipasabot?

_They kept on asking us about information.______________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat para magibulig-bulig an mga tawo han iyo
komunidad para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

17. May-ada ba kamo rescue team para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
_Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada, hira hin-o an miyembro hine?

_Led by MDRRMO, Risk Team._________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

18. Nag-andam ba kamo hin kagamitan para han rescue operations?
_Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga kagamitan an iyo gin-andam?

_Speedboat, pisi, life jacket, fire truck, dump trucks________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

19. Nag-andam ba kamo hin eksakto nga suplay hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ine nga mga relief goods nga iyo gin-andam?
_Rice, noodles, sardines or canned goods. Alam natin kung ilan ang families,
population ng Balangkayan because of our updated CBMS.__________________

Kun waray, ano nga mga pagkukulang an iyo inabat?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

20. Nag-assign ba kamo hin partikular nga departamento nga mangunguna han pagbalhin
ngadto han evacuation centers han mga mulopyo nga naukoy han mga delikado nga
lokasyon?
_Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga departamento an iyo gin-assign?

_Disaster Team – MDRRMC, PNP, Engineering, ang tracking naka-assign sa
Engineering._______________________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

21. Ano an iyo ginbuhat para masiguro nga libre o ligtas ini nga mga evacuation center/s?
We advised them to evacuate but we were sure that we will be hit by typhoon Yolanda,
nag-conduct tayo ng forced evacuation. Our police officers went house to house including
our Disaster Team and forced them to evacuation centers, our evacuation centers are
located at upland areas. Inayos ang evacuation center, gin-butngan hin
water.__________________________________________________________________

22. Ano pa an iba nga mga preparasyon an iyo ginbuhat parte han pangandaman han bagyo
Yolanda?
We stored gas and fuel, two chainsaws para putulin ang mga kahoy para di makasira,
umiikot sa barangay, every hour umiikot ang firetruck informing everybody and
consistently advising them to evacuate. Nakailaw ang firetruck, ang purpose niya para
malaman ng mga tawo kung saan ang pwedeng puntahan at may ilaw ang highway. Ang
dapat tanggalin, tanggalin na, mga kahoy, structure, packing of relief goods, directing all
concerned – Health, PNP, Engineering and Agriculture, to be at the command center which
is the municipal building right before the typhoon. Personal and public information or
announcement for evacuations. Ang pinaka-sikreto kung bakit naging successful ang
operations, nandyan ang local chief executive, nasa opisina, nagda-direct, nasa gitna ng
labanan. Kung wala ako dito, iba ang mangyayari nun. Hindi na kinonsider ang
terminologies – storm surge, semantics because of the past experiences ng mga tao, nag-
momove out to evacuation centers. Because of the preparedness, nagging madali ang
clearing operations. We prepared two generators before the typhoon, three days after
inayos ang mga wires at nagkaroon ng street lights. Ang emphasis ng instructions from
the Mayor of the seriousness of the danger, many times. We are planning to include
barangays in trainings including local heads. What made Balangkayan different in terms
of preparedness, people have taken by heart the seriousness of the typhoon, nagburublig
an mga tawo. Foresight an LGU kun ano an mangyayari ngan monitoring and calculating
the strength of the typhoon. Because of our preparedness naka-clearing after the typhoon,
first day nakapanhatag nah an relief goods.____________________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Local Government Officials concerned with Disaster Preparedness)
Informant No. __02__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran : _Mariles G. Montes________________________
B. Edad : _35_____________________________________
C. Kasarian : ___ Lalaki _x_ Babaye
D. Barangay : _Botay, Maydolong E. Samar________________
E. Trabaho : _MLGOO Balangkayan_____________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. May-ada ba kamo disaster plan dinhe ha iyo bungto?
Pagkada ko kasi nag-assume la a khan August, waray ko pa hit nakaptan dida nga
plan.____________________________________________________________________

2. Kakan-o paghimu-a an iyo disaster plan?

Diri ak maaram. Bag-o la ak, waray ig-turn over kasi an MDRRMO dida hi Jubeth, wray
ma kuno, pati an iya memo waray. Hi Mayor was still beginning to wrap up dida, pero
pagdatong ko ngada, gin-advise ko diretso hi Mayor nga dapat may MDRRM Office. An
mga executive order han previous office waray ig-turn over. Wara nam nakaptan. Nasing
hi Mayor magbabag-o nala kita. An iya gin-appoint, hi Ventura Rhoel Baris asya at nga
mayda na memo. Planning pala kami hin pagku-an pero an MPDC nag-iinform nga mayda
 na nira plan. Ira la ginsusurat definitely kay diri ma at hira makakagastos han five percent
nga calamity fund dida ha budget. Diri la klaro kay wara ma nira opisina._____________

3. Makapira na niyo pagbag-oha ini nga iyo disaster plan?

________________________________________________________________________

4. May ada ba memorandum nga iyo nakarawat tikang ha national government hi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an iyo siyahan nga ginbuhat?

To prepare. Within that week, ika-5 nag-meeting ha province tapos mayda
advisory nga Mayors are not advised to get outside han ira station kay mayda
hadto call time ngadto ha Manila asya at an iba nga Mayor nakagikan.
Natawagan ko hi Mayor nga ayaw kay Secretary Roxas will be going to Tacloban.
Hi Mayor nag-called up diretso han Council kay that time mayda na nam hat
Council nga mayda na niya Executive Order. Diretso hiya nagcalled-up, mga ika-
6.________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, pagpadayun han sunod nga paki-ana.

5. Ginkita ba ngahaw han iyo lokal nga gobyerno an iyo disaster plan han ti-arabot an bagyo
Yolanda?
Waray. Nagplano hira hin bag-o, hi Mayor. ________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga butang an iyo ginbag-o para pa-upayon pa an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
 Kun diri, ano an mga rason nga waray na niyo kulawi ngahaw an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
Kay waray man nakakaptan tapos nag-consult hiya han MDRRM oFficer, DSWD,
MPDO, ginpa-prepare niya tanan nga vehicles ngan gasoline. Bag-o pala at hi
Rhuel. Some time han September an iya designation._______________________

6. Makapira kamo pag-meeting para i-review an iyo disaster preparedness plan?

Duha an iya formal nga meeting han body. Pero I think makadamo hiya tawag hin mag-
iba-iba nga tawo sugad han pulis tinawag niya espesyal la, ginpatawag niya an iya mga
tawo ha emergency response team.___________________________________________

7. Hin-o an mga bulig han pagbag-o han iyo disaster preparedness plan?
MSWDO, MPDO, MDRRMKO and all other head of offices, DA, Liga President, an iba nga
mga Kapitan. Not all present pero majority._____________________________________

8. Naghimo ba kamo hin plano han pagpahibaro han mga tawo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
Oo, hi Mayor.____________________________________________________________

Kun oo, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pagpasabot han mga mulopyo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
Through han Punong Barangays, nga magku-an hira hit tagsa-tagsa nga mga
barangays tapos dida han bungto I think nagpaku-an hi Mayor, nagpabandilyo at
ada, an firetruck, may siren.___________________________________________

Kun waray, ano man an iyo ginbuhat parte han pagpahibaro han mga tawo?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

9. May-ada ba kamo communication plan?

Waray in writing, pero mayda ni Mayor._______________________________________
 Kun may-ada, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat han pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
Bag-o pa manla hi Mayor nga nag-assume tapos waray ma nakaptan nga hard
copy han daan pero mayda na niya mga tawo nga key persons. Siren, tapos gin-
house to house talaga, urog an nakada ha coastal ginhouse to house, forced
evacuation talaga gin-implement han day before han bagyo. Tapos ginpa-prepare
nga daan an mga evacuation centers, one in Talisay, usa didi ha elementary.
Diretso gindeclare nga mga evacuation center.____________________________

10. May-ada ba seminar nga may-ada drills an lokal nga gobyerno para han pagresponde han
ti-arabot nga bagyo?
I believe so pero waray pa ak dida, ngatraining ngani at hira ha Baybay, Leyte. It masasyod
hit ngada, an dati nga nakada._______________________________________________

Kun may-ada,
Hin-o an nanguna han seminar?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Pira nga mga mulopyo an nag-training?

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 Hira hin-o an mga bulig?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Kun waray, alayon pagpadayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

11. Nanhatag ba kamo hin pamphlets o iba pa nga sinurat hi-unong han pag-andam para han
epektibo nga pagresponde han kalamidad?
Waray.__________________________________________________________________

12. May-ada ba kamo yana lokal nga DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?
Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun mayda, hira hin-o an bulig hine nga lokal nga DRRM Council?
All Head of Offices, MDRRMO, all Punong Barangays, MHO, MSWDO, MAO, PNP,
DILG, DAR, basta inter-agency._________________________________________

Kun waray, kay ano nga waray niyo lokal nga DRRM Council?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

13. Aktibo ba an iyo lokal nga DRRM Council?

Yana oo, after nah an bagyo, pati an MDRRMO aktibo na pero waray pa nira opisina
talaga, ada pa hit Mayor’s office. Before, waray pa ma nira kakikita an importansya, diri
pa sugad kapukaw hira. Diri pa aware._________________________________________

Kun oo, padayon ha sunod nga paki-ana.

 Kun diri, kay ano diri aktibo an iyo DRRM Council?
An ak ngada impression was, diri talaga priority an disaster preparedness,
response, before han Yolanda. Niyan na it hira paniguro han katima na kay ku-an
comparing to Llorente, kulang pa ngani hira han documents, han mga memo,
trainings, han mga drills dida. Wara talaga nira dida opisina an MDRRM Council
whereas ha Llorente mayda hit kalugaringon la nga opisina an MDRRMO, may
office, may straff. Dida waray. Kay dida niyan la kasusugad nga MDRRMO ngin
ginpapatawag. Plano na at nga magku-an hin office.______________________

14. May ada ba nangunguna nga mga tawo dinhe ha iyo komunidad hini nga pag-andam para
hit mga kalamidad?
Yana mayda na MDRRMO. An barangays masayon na hira ma-touch tikang na han
Yolanda kay han una mga bungol at.__________________________________________

15. Nagigibulig-bulig ba it iyo mga lokal nga para mag-andam para hit ti-arabot nga
kalamidad?
Yes. _________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ini nga mga eksakto nga departamento?

In terms han preparations, han relief operations pero it in-charge hit relief
operations it DSWD tapos an data intact na. So far comparing han other
municipalities an Balangakayn dama an management kay mayda hira nagamit,
an CBMS – Community Based Management System. Mayda na data. Nakapag-
put up hira Mayor hin information desk._________________________________

Kun diri, ano it iyo nakikita nga mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. Nakipagsumpayan ba an mga mulopyo han lokal nga gobyerno?
Yes. Oo._________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano an ira karuyag ipasabot?

Parang waray na kay gin-inform naman hira. An na-observe ko ha Balangkayan
an mga tawo diri nama makuri nga mag-evacuate kasi mayda na hira experience
han Undang nga talaga nadako an tubig. So diri na gud dako an resistance nga
mag-evacuate hira. Hi Mayor nag-inform nga forced evacuation gud._________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat para magibulig-bulig an mga tawo han iyo
komunidad para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

17. May-ada ba kamo rescue team para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
Yes.____________________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada, hira hin-o an miyembro hine?

Mayda hi Mayor gin-appoint, hi ARnel Glino, tapos an MDRRMO, tapos an police,
mga casual ha engineering.___________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

18. Nag-andam ba kamo hin kagamitan para han rescue operations?

Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga kagamitan an iyo gin-andam?

Firetruck, ngatanan nga sarakyan, an ambulance, rubber boat fro OCD. I think hi
Mayor has special instruction to, to ku-an…pag-taga gasolina._______________
 Kun waray, ano an iyo mga pagkukulang?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

19. Nag-andam ba kamo hin eksakto nga suplay hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo?
Yes. Nakipag-coordinate hi Mayor ha NFA han before han bagyo.___________________

Kun oo, ano ine nga mga relief goods nga iyo gin-andam?
Rice, noodles ngahin canned goods.____________________________________

Kun waray, ano nga mga pagkukulang an iyo inabat?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

20. Nag-assign ba kamo hin partikular nga departamento nga mangunguna han pagbalhin
ngadto han evacuation centers han mga mulopyo nga naukoy han mga delikado nga
lokasyon?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga departamento an iyo gin-assign?

MDRRM Office_____________________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

21. Ano an iyo ginbuhat para masiguro nga libre o ligtas ini nga mga evacuation center/s?
Nag-andam hi Mayor, ira at gin-identify nga an diri makuku-an han tubig, an mga
iskuylahan ha Talisay.______________________________________________________

22. Ano pa an iba nga mga preparasyon an iyo ginbuhat parte han pangandaman han bagyo
Yolanda?
Nagpinantawag manla ak hat kan Mayor, tapos monitoring kay ha opisina busy kami hat
kay Secretary Roxas will be coming. Ku-an la at mga advisory forwarded ngadto han mga
office, mga kapitan nga may cellphone about han bagyo.__________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Local Government Officials concerned with Disaster Preparedness)
Informant No. __03__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran : _Ventura Rhoel Baris_______________________
B. Edad : _45_____________________________________
C. Kasarian : _x_ Lalaki ___ Babaye
D. Barangay : _Barangay 01____________________________
E. Trabaho : _Designated MDRRMO_____________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. May-ada ba kamo disaster plan dinhe ha iyo bungto?
May-ada.________________________________________________________________

2. Kakan-o paghimu-a an iyo disaster plan?

Early part han 2013.________________________________________________________

3. Makapira na niyo pagbag-oha ini nga iyo disaster plan?

Waray pa. November an schedule takay gin-abutan han Yolanda.___________________

4. May ada ba memorandum nga iyo nakarawat tikang ha national government hi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
Ginchannel from NDRRMC to PDRRMC tapos ha MDRRMC.________________________
 Kun oo, ano an iyo siyahan nga ginbuhat?
Diretso an Mayor nag-conduct hin meeting upod an DSWD, MPDC, Engineering
Office, DepEd (Elementary and High School), RHU tapos all agencies.__________

Kun waray, pagpadayun han sunod nga paki-ana.

5. Ginkita ba ngahaw han iyo lokal nga gobyerno an iyo disaster plan han ti-arabot an bagyo
Yolanda?
Waray na hit nam hiya._____________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga butang an iyo ginbag-o para pa-upayon pa an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Kun diri, ano an mga rason nga waray na niyo kulawi ngahaw an iyo disaster
preparedness plan?
Kinikita la namon an hinanabo. Mga Monday siguro adto (November 4)._______

6. Makapira kamo pag-meeting para i-review an iyo disaster preparedness plan?

Han Monday nag-meeting (November 4).______________________________________

7. Hin-o an mga bulig han pagbag-o han iyo disaster preparedness plan?
MSWDO, MPDO, MDRRMKO and all other head of offices, DA, Liga President, an iba nga
mga Kapitan. Not all present pero majority._____________________________________

8. Naghimo ba kamo hin plano han pagpahibaro han mga tawo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
Yes._____________________________________________________________________
 Kun oo, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pagpasabot han mga mulopyo hi-unong han Bagyo
Yolanda?
House to house, an mga nakada han shoreline area, ginpalibot an firetruck, nga
ha upland area._____________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano man an iyo ginbuhat parte han pagpahibaro han mga tawo?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

9. May-ada ba kamo communication plan?

Based han contingency plan mayda, pero han pag-Yolanda wray gamit.______________

Kun may-ada, pinaagi hin ano an iyo pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
House to house campaign, gin-announcement han public.___________________

Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat han pakig-himangraw han mga tawo mahi-unong
han Bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. May-ada ba seminar nga may-ada drills an lokal nga gobyerno para han pagresponde han
ti-arabot nga bagyo?
Waray pa._______________________________________________________________

Kun may-ada,
Hin-o an nanguna han seminar?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
 Pira nga mga mulopyo an nag-training?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Hira hin-o an mga bulig?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Kun waray, alayon pagpadayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

11. Nanhatag ba kamo hin pamphlets o iba pa nga sinurat hi-unong han pag-andam para han
epektibo nga pagresponde han kalamidad?
Waray.__________________________________________________________________

12. May-ada ba kamo yana lokal nga DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?
Mayda existing___________________________________________________________

Kun mayda, hira hin-o an bulig hine nga lokal nga DRRM Council?
Mayor, SB Member, Head of Offices sugad ha DepEd. Kulang la han NGO.______

Kun waray, kay ano nga waray niyo lokal nga DRRM Council?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

13. Aktibo ba an iyo lokal nga DRRM Council?

So far, medyo aktibo. ______________________________________________________

Kun oo, padayon ha sunod nga paki-ana.

 Kun diri, kay ano diri aktibo an iyo DRRM Council?
Before, diri pa gud kay waray expertise._________________________________

14. May ada ba nangunguna nga mga tawo dinhe ha iyo komunidad hini nga pag-andam para
hit mga kalamidad?
An LGU__________________________________________________________________

15. Nagigibulig-bulig ba it iyo mga lokal nga para mag-andam para hit ti-arabot nga
kalamidad?
Oo. _________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano ini nga mga eksakto nga departamento?

DSWD, MPDC, Engineering, PNP. Asya in hira na key players.________________

Kun diri, ano it iyo nakikita nga mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

16. Nakipagsumpayan ba an mga mulopyo han lokal nga gobyerno?

In terms of hazard, mayda ngani bagyo permanente nga mayda dako nga tubig. Asya nga
zero casualty dinhe. An government an nakipag-sumpayan.________________________

Kun oo, ano an ira karuyag ipasabot?

Pag-prepare han ira kalugaringon.______________________________________
 Kun waray, ano an iyo ginbuhat para magibulig-bulig an mga tawo han iyo
komunidad para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

17. May-ada ba kamo rescue team para han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
Zero. Mayda mga volunteers nga naglugaring hin pagbulig.________________________

Kun may-ada, hira hin-o an miyembro hine?

Mr. Nestor Borja, Leo Gallego, Gary Abot, Nic Jan Castillo___________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

18. Nag-andam ba kamo hin kagamitan para han rescue operations?

Oo.____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga kagamitan an iyo gin-andam?

10 nga life jacket, 4 life boat, 100 meters rope, dako an gamit.______________

Kun waray, ano an iyo mga pagkukulang?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

19. Nag-andam ba kamo hin eksakto nga suplay hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________
 Kun oo, ano ine nga mga relief goods nga iyo gin-andam?
Before han Martes han katapos han meeting, nagpa-purchase hin rice, canned
goods, etc.________________________________________________________

Kun waray, ano nga mga pagkukulang an iyo inabat?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

20. Nag-assign ba kamo hin partikular nga departamento nga mangunguna han pagbalhin
ngadto han evacuation centers han mga mulopyo nga naukoy han mga delikado nga
lokasyon?
Yes._____________________________________________________________________

Kun oo, ano nga mga departamento an iyo gin-assign?

An PNP, hi Arnel Glino._______________________________________________

Kun waray, padayon han sunod nga paki-ana.

21. Ano an iyo ginbuhat para masiguro nga libre o ligtas ini nga mga evacuation center/s?
Ginsecure la anay namon kun durable apisar han dako nga bagyo. An elevated nga lugar.
Dida han contingenc plan, Talisay ngan Central Elementary an nakabutang.___________

22. Ano pa an iba nga mga preparasyon an iyo ginbuhat parte han pangandaman han bagyo
Yolanda?
Una, clearing operations gamit an chainsaw, pamutol hin kahoy para bias kunta mabari
diri hiya makakahibang. Sunod an suplay han tubig, may mga container ngadto han
evacuation center. An electricity, urog pa kay wraty generator although an DILG mayda
generator, an kan doktora an am nagamit han gab-i. Tapos an forced evacuation.______
DAMO NGA SALAMAT!
 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Civil Society)
Informant No. __09__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran (Optional) : _______________________________________
B. Edad : __80___________________________________
C. Kasarian : ___ Lalaki _x_ Babaye
D. Barangay : __Barangay 05___________________________
E. Trabaho : _______________________________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Maaram ba kamo nga an lokal nga gobyerno in ginmamando-an nga magpreparar, mag-
budget ngan mag-implementar hin Disaster Risk Reduction Management action plans?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

2. May-ada ba kamo DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?

May ada.________________________________________________________________

3. Responsable ba hira han pangunguna han pagpreparar para han ti-arabot nga mga
kalamidad?
Oo. Nagkakamay-ada hit orientation._________________________________________
4. Ano nga mga impormasyon mahi-unong han bagyo Yolanda antis ine umabot an iyo
nahibaru-an tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
An kakusog han hangin, an dalagan. Wara na-foresee nga sugad kahitaas an tubig. Pero
aware na it it mga taw okay time and again, nadako it it tubig dinhe. An mangroves ngane
ginrevive na at han typhoon Undang. May constant request nga kailangan an mulopyo
lumikas. Naayop na kami hit higher grounds kay maaram naman kami. An yana unaware
kay in form han tsunami. Educated na an tawo. Nagsugot hira diretso an Barangay 1 ngan
3. Sumala han history, first time nga naagusan an am location hin tubig._____________

5. Nanhatag ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin pamphlets o iba pa nga mga sinurat hi-unong han
pag-andam para han ti-arabot nga kalamidad?
Waray ak hit paka-kuan nga nanhatag hira. May-ada la constant encouragement han
mga tawo. And our Mayor didn’t leave the town. Waray gud hiya iwas dinhe ha
Balangkayan._____________________________________________________________

6. Ano an mga ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para magpahibaro ngan ma-edukar an mga
mulopyo han ti-arabot nga bagyo?
Pinaagi han announcement, loudspeaker, sige an libot ngan nag-manhinpatigayon an
mga tawo._______________________________________________________________

7. Ano an ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para makipag-himangraw han mga mulopyo hi-
unong han bagyo Yolanda?
Ambot kun nagpasarang hira hin pamphlets. Wara ak paka-kuan kun mayda hat
ipinanhatag._____________________________________________________________

8. Nakabulig ba ine nga mga panalinguha para kamo makapag-andam han bagyo Yolanda?
Para ha akon, nakabulig adto kay naglisto hira. There was less damage, wray gud naku-
an nga kinabuhi han tawo. An ira an ginpinanlikay pati an mga gamit._______________
9. Nakipagsumpayan ba kamo han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pag-andam han ti-
arabot nga bagyo? Kay ano oo? Kay ano waray?
An sistema han pagsugot han gobyerno an gi-uupayi nga pakipag-sumpayan han
gobyerno.___________________________________________________________

10. Han iyo hibaro nga may-ada ti-abot nga kalamidad, ano an iyo ginbuhat para maandam
an iyo panimalay?
Ginsirahan an balay, pinanahuban an mga gamit ngan ginga-od hin pisi an mga gamit.

11. Nag-evacuate ba an iyo pamilya?

Oo._____________________________________________________________________

12. Ngain kamo pag-evacuate?

Ngadto han higher lands, along the highway nga may guti nga payag-payag._________

13. Nagpatigayon ba hin evacuation centers an iyo lokal nga gobyerno?

Waray. Kanya-kanya han pagrespond ngan pag-andam.__________________________

14. Hit imo pagkita, ligtas ba ini nga evacuation centers?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

15. Nagpatigayon ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________
16. Ano ini nga mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
May-ada lifeboats tikang pa han daan. May ada hit dida lifeboat.___________________

17. Nag-andam ba an iyo lokal nga gobyerno hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo kahuman han bagyo Yolanda?
May ada.________________________________________________________________

18. Nakakarawat ba kamo hin relief goods tikang han iyo lokal nga gobyerno?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

19. Ngatanan ba nga mulopyo nakakarawat hin relief goods?

Oo ngatanan._____________________________________________________________

20. Ha imo pagkita, ano an mga rason kun kay ano ngatanan o diri ngatanan nakakarawat
hini nga bulig tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
Ngatanan nanginginahanglan. Immediate nga pagbulig ka na-distroso an mga tanom.

21. Ha imo pakasabot, nagburublig ba an mga lokal nga departamento ha iyo bungto parte
han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

22. Ano nga mga departamento an nagburublig?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
 ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

23. Kuntento ba kamo han pag-aksyon han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pangandaman
para han bagyo Yolanda? Kay ano?
Kuntento ak. Kay sugad hit am edad, mga senior citizen na kami. Kuntento a khan mga
bulig ha am. May ada na relocation nga gin-andam kun maruyag an mga tawo.______

24. Komo usa nga mulopyo han iyo bungto, ano it iyo mga suhestiyon para mapa-upay pa
an pangandaman han iyo komunidad para hit mga posible nga ti-arabot pa nga mga
kalamidad?
It cooperation hit mga tawo. Bisan pa ano nga panalingkamot hit gobyerno kun diri ma-
cooperate it mga tawo, waray la gihap gamit. Kinahanglan alisto hit pag-cooperate,
pagbulig hit im kalugaringon. Pagiging disiplinado liwat.__________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Civil Society)
Informant No. __12__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran (Optional) : _______________________________________
B. Edad : _39____________________________________
C. Kasarian : ___ Lalaki _x_ Babaye
D. Barangay : __Barangay 04___________________________
E. Trabaho : __Teacher_______________________________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Maaram ba kamo nga an lokal nga gobyerno in ginmamando-an nga magpreparar, mag-
budget ngan mag-implementar hin Disaster Risk Reduction Management action plans?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

2. May-ada ba kamo DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?

Oo. Mayda.______________________________________________________________

3. Responsable ba hira han pangunguna han pagpreparar para han ti-arabot nga mga
kalamidad?
So far oo. Okay gad hira. Han hadto ngane nga Tuesday pala nag-meeting na at._______
4. Ano nga mga impormasyon mahi-unong han bagyo Yolanda antis ine umabot an iyo
nahibaru-an tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
Nga ine nga ti-abot nga bagyo in super typhoon ngan 10-15 meters high. Pero diri storm
surge an ira siring, madako talaga an balod.____________________________________

5. Nanhatag ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin pamphlets o iba pa nga mga sinurat hi-unong han
pag-andam para han ti-arabot nga kalamidad?
Wara. An ira ginamit usa nga truck nga naglilibot, nagsusumat nga mag-force evacuation
na._____________________________________________________________________

6. Ano an mga ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para magpahibaro ngan ma-edukar an mga
mulopyo han ti-arabot nga bagyo?
Gin-disseminate by barangay, ginpalibot an mga pulis nga kaulangan mag-evacuate an
tawo.___________________________________________________________________

7. Ano an ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para makipag-himangraw han mga mulopyo hi-
unong han bagyo Yolanda?
Nakipag-meeting han leaders/heads. An mga barangay captains na an nag-disseminate
han mga tawo.____________________________________________________________

8. Nakabulig ba ine nga mga panalinguha para kamo makapag-andam han bagyo Yolanda?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

9. Nakipagsumpayan ba kamo han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pag-andam han ti-
arabot nga bagyo? Kay ano oo? Kay ano waray?
Oo. Linikas kami.__________________________________________________________

10. Han iyo hibaro nga may-ada ti-abot nga kalamidad, ano an iyo ginbuhat para maandam
an iyo panimalay?
Ginpanhigot an appliances, ginku-an an panapton nga diri manhipalid. Maaram man
kami nga dati nadako talaga an tubig.______________________________________
11. Nag-evacuate ba an iyo pamilya?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

12. Ngain kamo pag-evacuate?

Ngadto la han am ancestral house han may Barangay 5.__________________________

13. Nagpatigayon ba hin evacuation centers an iyo lokal nga gobyerno?

Oo. Ha Elementary School ngan Talisay Elementary School.________________________

14. Hit imo pagkita, ligtas ba ini nga evacuation centers?

Ha Talisay, oo. Pero ha Elementary, 50-50. Kay harani hit dagat tikang ha Sapao tapos
ha Yungod.______________________________________________________________

15. Nagpatigayon ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

16. Ano ini nga mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
So far an ak kinita la, lubid, an rubber boat nga wara higamiti kay nahuyos.___________

17. Nag-andam ba an iyo lokal nga gobyerno hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo kahuman han bagyo Yolanda?
Oo nag-andam, kay han Tuesday or Wednesday, nagpinanmutos na at hira.__________

18. Nakakarawat ba kamo hin relief goods tikang han iyo lokal nga gobyerno?
Oo, mostly pagkaon, rice ngahin canned goods._________________________________

19. Ngatanan ba nga mulopyo nakakarawat hin relief goods?

Ngatanan pero depende han imo damage. May adas para han partially ngan totally
damaged.____________________________________________________________
20. Ha imo pagkita, ano an mga rason kun kay ano ngatanan o diri ngatanan nakakarawat
hini nga bulig tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
Ngatanan man affected dinhe._______________________________________________

21. Ha imo pakasabot, nagburublig ba an mga lokal nga departamento ha iyo bungto parte
han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
Nagburublig, although mayda pipira nga waray._________________________________

22. Ano nga mga departamento an nagburublig?

Pulis, Teachers, RHU, DRRM Council, DSWD, MPDO, Agriculture____________________

23. Kuntento ba kamo han pag-aksyon han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pangandaman
para han bagyo Yolanda? Kay ano?
Oo, kay gin-warningan talaga nira an mga tawo ngan nag-provide hin mga awto para
pag-evacuate.___________________________________________________________

24. Komo usa nga mulopyo han iyo bungto, ano it iyo mga suhestiyon para mapa-upay pa
an pangandaman han iyo komunidad para hit mga posible nga ti-arabot pa nga mga
kalamidad?
Kailangan an facilities andam, flashlights, generator. Kay di ngane andam damo it
nahinanabo nga diri maupay. Para liwat nga aware an mga tawo hit nahinanabo dinhe
hit bagyo.________________________________________________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 A CASE STUDY ON THE DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF BALANGKAYAN, EASTERN SAMAR:
THE CASE OF SUPERTYPHOON YOLANDA
(Civil Society)
Informant No. __29__

Interesado kami nga mahibaru-an an iyo pagkita o opinyon kaparte han pangandaman
han Balangkayan, E. Samar han naglabay nga Bagyo Yolanda. Alayon pagbaton han mga masunod
nga pakiana. An mga impormasyon nga makukuha hini nga case study in pribado ngan para la ha
pag-istudyo.

PART I. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

A. Ngaran (Optional) : _______________________________________
B. Edad : __75___________________________________
C. Kasarian : _x_ Lalaki ___ Babaye
D. Barangay : __Barangay 01___________________________
E. Trabaho : __Entrepreneur (Sari-sari Store)______________

Part II. CASE STUDY

1. Maaram ba kamo nga an lokal nga gobyerno in ginmamando-an nga magpreparar, mag-
budget ngan mag-implementar hin Disaster Risk Reduction Management action plans?
Oo._____________________________________________________________________

2. May-ada ba kamo DRRM Council dinhe ha iyo bungto?

Diri ak maaram pero nakabati na ak hit dinhe.__________________________________

3. Responsable ba hira han pangunguna han pagpreparar para han ti-arabot nga mga
kalamidad?
Diri ak piho, wara ko pa ma hit nakaka-istorya didto ha ira pero nakabati la ak hit._____
4. Ano nga mga impormasyon mahi-unong han bagyo Yolanda antis ine umabot an iyo
nahibaru-an tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
Damo, Telebisyon, national information han kanan weather, PAG-ASA. Naglibot-libot an
mga pulis pag-anunsyo nga mayda ti-abot nga bagyo. An ak mga anak tinawag tikang ha
Manila nasiring nga tidatong an bagyo an gikukusogi han ngatanan nga bagyo._______

5. Nanhatag ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin pamphlets o iba pa nga mga sinurat hi-unong han
pag-andam para han ti-arabot nga kalamidad?
Waray panhatag pero sige an anunsyo han mga pulis naglibot, nag-anunsyo through
megaphone, nagpapasabot, nabulig pag-evacuate ngadto han lugar.________________

6. Ano an mga ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para magpahibaro ngan ma-edukar an mga
mulopyo han ti-arabot nga bagyo?
Sige it ira mga pahinumdom, temprano nga antis umabot pumalagiw ngan mag-
evacuate.________________________________________________________________

7. Ano an ginbuhat han lokal nga gobyerno para makipag-himangraw han mga mulopyo hi-
unong han bagyo Yolanda?
Hit Barangay 3 nahibaro ak, nagpapahibaro, nad-aadvise nga panimos-timos han bagyo
nga dako.________________________________________________________________

8. Nakabulig ba ine nga mga panalinguha para kamo makapag-andam han bagyo Yolanda?
Oo kay it ak obserbasyon, waray casualty.______________________________________

9. Nakipagsumpayan ba kamo han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pag-andam han ti-
arabot nga bagyo? Kay ano oo? Kay ano waray?
Oo kay bisan an ak mga ka-urupdan sige an ak pag-advise nga magkalagiw kamo
habang maaga pa. Urog an mga barangay officials, nag-inform gihap.__________
10. Han iyo hibaro nga may-ada ti-abot nga kalamidad, ano an iyo ginbuhat para maandam
an iyo panimalay?
Nanimos, an am mga kagamitan isinaka nam, an mabubuhat isinaka. Takay nagkahulos
manla gihap kay an am atop natanggal, ginruba an bubong. Dako an am damage._____

11. Nag-evacuate ba an iyo pamilya?

Oo._____________________________________________________________________

12. Ngain kamo pag-evacuate?

Relative ha Barangay 3.____________________________________________________

13. Nagpatigayon ba hin evacuation centers an iyo lokal nga gobyerno?

Ha pagka-yana, an ira la gintutdo han kahitas-an sugad ha Talisay. Nag-aadvise hira
nga ha kahitas-an kamo.__________________________________________________

14. Hit imo pagkita, ligtas ba ini nga evacuation centers?

Iton nga mga lugar, safety iton kay kahitas-an man ngadto hit may kabubkiran.______

15. Nagpatigayon ba an lokal nga gobyerno hin mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
May-ada.________________________________________________________________

16. Ano ini nga mga kagamitan para han rescue operations?
Dump truck, mga tricycle nga masasakyan, idudul-ong ka ngadto sugad ha elementary,
ha Talisay.______________________________________________________________

17. Nag-andam ba an iyo lokal nga gobyerno hin relief goods nga ipanhahatag han mga
mulopyo kahuman han bagyo Yolanda?
Han antis, waray. Han ku-an lugod, han sige an bagyo nakabati ak nga ha munisipyo
nagpipinamutos ha hin relief pero waray kami pakakarawat. Niyan na kami__________
pakakarawat 4 days after, kay bisan ngani an luna, wray nam atop, nangutang kami hin
kinse pieces nga yero. Diri man kami inililista kay kanan mga wash-out manla kuno an
 ira tinatagan hin priority. An makabuburong kay mayda man natagan nga diri washed
out. May discrimination gihap.______________________________________________

18. Nakakarawat ba kamo hin relief goods tikang han iyo lokal nga gobyerno?
Waray__________________________________________________________________

19. Ngatanan ba nga mulopyo nakakarawat hin relief goods?

Ambot kun nakakarawat.___________________________________________________

20. Ha imo pagkita, ano an mga rason kun kay ano ngatanan o diri ngatanan nakakarawat
hini nga bulig tikang han lokal nga gobyerno?
Kunta pag kinabuwasan dapat mayda na pero an makabuburong kay waray ipanhatag.

21. Ha imo pakasabot, nagburublig ba an mga lokal nga departamento ha iyo bungto parte
han pangandaman han bagyo Yolanda?
Waray ko hit inabat._______________________________________________________

22. Ano nga mga departamento an nagburublig?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

23. Kuntento ba kamo han pag-aksyon han iyo lokal nga gobyerno parte han pangandaman
para han bagyo Yolanda? Kay ano?
Okay kay mayda kami mga impormasyon maagap pa. Nakapag-andam kami,_________
nakapanimos.____________________________________________________________
24. Komo usa nga mulopyo han iyo bungto, ano it iyo mga suhestiyon para mapa-upay pa
an pangandaman han iyo komunidad para hit mga posible nga ti-arabot pa nga mga
kalamidad?
Evacuation center nga mayda atop, may ada CR. Kun mahihimo ngani kinahanlan mayda
binubutngan hin medisina, may ada katurugan, sofa o papag. Kun mayda relocation,
mala-om gud la kami hit gobyerno. It MDRRMC manginginano, matambulig hit mga
angay buliga, may ada mga rubber boats, Kay it dinhe nga lugar, tabing-dagat. Nasusulod
gud hit dagat didi hit may Calico-an ngan hit may tulay takay hin monbon la dinhe guti-
ay la hiya nga kahubasan. Kinahanglan may mga rubber boats ngan mga gamit pagsalbar
hit mga nalulumos.________________________________________________________

DAMO NGA SALAMAT!

 APPENDIX 6

PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

The researchers together with Municipal Mayor Allan Contado after signing the approval of the
letter of request for conducting the study in Balangkayan, E. Samar

The researchers together with MDRRM Officer Mr. Ventura Rhoel Baris after the interview
 The researchers interviewing the Municipal Officer of DILG, Mrs. Mariles G. Montes

The researchers interviewing Mrs. Nelly Cherreguine, a resident of Barangay 04, Poblacion
 The researchers interviewing Mr. Emerio Caspe, a resident of Barangay 01, Poblacion

The researchers interviewing Mr. Telesforo Canales, a resident of Barangay 03, Poblacion