HISTORY Secondary Sources

HISTORIA  Based on primary sources

 verify its authenticity
INQUIRY and INVESTIGATION
Pag-aaral sa Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas
Sequential record of events from human past
 mababatid lamang sa pamamagitan ng mga
 WRITTEN HISTORY labi (buto at bungo) at artipakto (kagamitan
at kasangkapan)
 ORAL HISTORY  Taong Tabon – unang tao sa Pilipinas
 nabuhay sa Panahon ng Lumang Bato
 Objective History  may sinaunang sistema ng pagsulat
 Chinese Annals – pinagmulan ng ilang tala
 THUCYDIDES hinggil sa sinaunang Pilipinas
 It is an inquiry and investigation to past
events Geographical Setting

 “Takes no side and honest only to truth and • Archipelago – 7,107 Islands (+/-)
real events”
• Asia
 Witness
• Southeast Asia
 LEOPOLD VON RANKE
• Northern Hemisphere
 Gives no importance to the Historian’s own
perspective and interpretation of the events • Between Equator and Tropic of Cancer
(4°23’ at 21°25’ – north latitude) (116° at
 “Father of Scientific History” 127° – east longitude)

 Modern History • Insular or Maritime – surrounded by bodies

of water
 Objective History does not exist
• Disadvantage
 BENEDETTO CROCE
• Activity
 CHRONOLOGY – Sequential record of
events from human past • Advantage

 Historian’s own perspective and • Activity

interpretation of the events

 RENATO CONSTANTINO

Sources

 Written – Common and Uncommon

 Unwritten – remains, artifacts, and oral
traditions

Primary Sources

 Based on the actual event

 Eyewitness account
 Autobiography and records of persons
involved in an event
 Remains and artifacts
 – Mindanao

• Surigao Range

• Butuan Range

• Central Western Range

• Western Range

• Volcanoes and Earthquakes

– Mt. Mayon, Mt. Pinatubo, Taal

Volcano…
• 7, 107 islands (big and small)
• Valley
• 462 islands (exceeded the size of 1km sq.)
• Plateau
– Luzon
• River Systems
– Mindanao
– Luzon
– Samar
• Rio Grande de Cagayan
– Negros
• Agno Grande
– Palawan
• Abra River System
– Panay
• Rio Grande de Pampanga
– Mindoro
– Mindanao
– Cebu
• Rio Grande de Mindanao
– Bohol
• Agusan River System
• 300, 000 km sq. (waters not included)
• Coastline (Bay)
• Elongated and fragmented
• Lake
• 1, 857 km (north – south)
– Laguna de Bay – largest
• 1, 107 km (west – east)
– Lake Buhi and Lake Bato
• 1, 800, 000 km sq. (total size)
• sinarapan (tabyos)
Physical Features
• Falls
• Mountain Systems
• Hot Springs
– Luzon
• Strait
• Caraballo del Sur
Origin
• Caraballos Occidentales
• Pacific Theory
• Sierra Madre
– Philippines has been formed when
– Visayas one huge continent in the Pacific
submerged
• Negros Range
– Lemuria o Mu
• Panay Range
 – Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas,  Bahag
Java, Borneo, Hawaii, Samoa, and
other islands in the Pacific  Putong

• Theory of Volcanism • Headgear – red : killed a

one person in a war,
– Philippines has been formed embroidered : killed
through the eruption of the several people (7)
volcanoes under water, molten
rocks exploded upward, island were • Women
formed, cooled and resided.
 Baro
– Circum Pacific Chain of Fire/Circum
Pacific Belt/Pacific Ring of Fire  Saya - Tagalog

• Theory of Diastrophism  Patadyong – Visayan

– Philippines has been formed  Tapis

through tectonic activity, the force
inside the earth which causes its  pusod
movement and the movement of its
crust. Body Ornaments

– Faulting (defect in land) • Jewelry

– Folding (formation of highlands)  Kalumbiga – armlets

• Theory of Diastrophism  Aretes – earrings

– Diastrophism is the folding and • Human Body

faulting of earth’s crust
 Pintado
• Theory of Erosion
• Vanity
– Earth has been formed through the
erosion of highlands due to air, rain, • War Record
heat of the sun, waves, and glacier
House
• Land Bridge Theory
• Wood, Bamboo, and Nipa Palm
– Philippines has been formed by the
connected lands of Asia through the • Built separately
Land Bridge.
• Removable stairs
– Pleistocene Era
• Batalan – Bathroom
– Sunda Shelf
• Room – stockroom of household things
– Sahul Shelf
• Matong – big storage for rice

• Silong
Pre-Colonial Philippines
Social Classes
Clothing
• Datu – Gat or Lakan (Gat Maitan o Lakan
• Men Dula)

 Kanggan • Mahadlika or maharlika

• Non-collared shirt – red : • Timawa

datu, blue or black : lower
classes • Alipin
  Namamahay – with own family • Panghimuyat – payment for the parents for
nursing all day, morning and evening
 Saguigilid – no personal properties
• Bigay-suso – payment for the nanny for
In Vizayas breastfeeding

 Tumataban – served when needed • Himaraw – payment for the mother for
breastfeeding
 Tumarampuk – served for a day
• Stages of Marriage
 Ayuey – served for three days
• Tawaran
 Classes of Alipin
• Pamumulungan o pamamalae
 Ganap na alipin – both
parents are alipin • Mixed Marriage

 Kalahating alipin – one • Mother – alipin, Father – mahadlika

parent is a alipin, the other
is maharlika • Gansal o nones (odd) – sa ama

 Mala-alipin – one parent is • Pares (even) – sa ina

Kalahating alipin, the other
is maharlika • Bugtong – kalahating alipin,
kalahating mahadlika
Women Status
• Gansal ang dulo – kalahating alipin,
• Equality for men and women kalahating mahadlika ang huli

• Women can hold positions as high as datu Community

• Regio Feminarium – Kingdom of Women • Balangay – 30 – 100 families

• Prinsesa Urduja – great ruler, intelligent, • Law – trial by ordeal

able to speak many language
 Bultong
• Reyna Sima – Cotabato
 Alaw
• Reyna Maniwantiwan – Panay
 Umaluhokan
• Canonay – Panay
 Council of Elders o Agorang
• Mother of Rajah Matanda
Religious beliefs
• Uray – granddaughter of Rajah Katunaw or
Sikatuna of Bohol • Immortality of the soul

• U – Leader, Ray o Raya – Kingdom • Life after death

• Ladyangbata at Siyangpuno – • Animism

granddaughters of Rajah Matanda
• Bathala
• Babaylan (Bisaya) o Catalonan (Tagalog)
 Idiyanale – agriculture
Courting and marriage
 Sidapa – death
• LOVE
 Agni – fire…
• Arranged Marriage
• Tigmamanukin and Crow
• Dowry or Dote – bigay kaya
• Crocodile and Old Trees
 • Anitos – Tagalog  Product of own origin as proved by
Taong Tabon
• Diwata – Visayan
Introduction of Islam
Languages
• Arab traders (Mudum) – spread Islam in Old
• Austronesian – origin Malaysia

• Malayo-Polynesian – modern origin • Sulu

 Similarities of words and meaning… • Rajah Baguinda – from Menangkabaw,

Sumatra arrived and converted natives of
• Alibata – a Sanskrit or Arabic provenance Sulu

 17 characters (3 vowels, 14 • Abu Bakr – established Sultanate of Sulu

consonants)
 Married Paramisuli
• COPPER PLATE
 First Sultan of Sulu
Literature
• Serif Kabungsuan – arrived and converted
• Sawikain – saying natives of Johore

• Bugtong – riddle  Married influential family

• Musika  First Sultan of Mindanao

• Sayaw Relations with the Orang Dampuans

• Southern Annam

Foreign Influences • Orang Dampuan (Men from Champa) – not

politically minded and had no intention of
• Mixture of races dominating the people of Sulu

• Believed to belong in Malay Race!? • Buranun – natives of Sulu

• Blend of East and West characters  Angered and jealous, massacred

some Orang Dampuans which in
• Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid… turn revenge and went home
(Australoid)
Relations with Banjarmasin
Regional Traits
• Northern Borneo, Banjarmasin, Brunei
• Ilokano (Samtoy) – frugal
• Regular trade relations between Buranuns
• Tagalog – superior and Banjars

• Bicolano – equanimity • Banjarmasin

• Visayan – hedonist  Looked upon with suspiscion

• Muslim – lover of freedom  Diplomatic

Peopling of the Philippines  Power of beautiful women to soften

the heart of hostile rulers
• Professor H. Otley Beyer
 Sulu came under the influence of
 Product of migration of Malayan the Banjars
Culture
 The union developed emporium
• F. Landa Jocano and trading ships
Relations with China  Trial by Ordeal

• Commercial relations with the neighboring • Influences

countries…China
• Chinese
• Arab mediated the trading between the
Philippines and China first • Indian

• Sung Dynasty – trading flow in continuous Spanish Colonization

stream
• Objectives
 Colonies were founded in the
coastal towns – 3 G’s

• Other countries in Asia became interested • Means

with the Philippines
– 3 S ’s
• Ming Dynasty
• Objectives
 Emperor Yung Lo sent a large fleet
to regain the control – 3 G’s

 Admiral Cheng Ho headed the sixty • GOD

vessel
• GOLD
 Kochalao – Chinese governor
• GLORY
 Ended when Emperor Yung Lo died
• Economic Factors
The Ten Bornean Datus
– Mercantilism
• Settlement in Panay is told in Maragtas
(legendary) • Religious Factors

• In escaped of Sultan Makatunaw – Muslim invaded Spain

mistreatment ten chieftains reach Panay
• Ferdinand and Isabella
 Puti, Bangkaya, Dumalugdog,
Sumakwel, Lubay, Paiburong, – Reconquista
Dumangsil, Balensusa, Paduhinog,
Dumangsol • Objectives

• Panay was already inhabited by Negritos – 3 S’s

(Atis)
• Spirit
 Marikudo and Maniwantiwan
• Silver (spices)
• Aware of the suspection Datu Puti (leader)
explained their intentions to just buy lands • Swords (slaves)

 Payment – gold salakot and • Ways of Colonization

necklace
– CROSS (Evangelization)
 They later on settled to different
parts of the country • pueblo

 To maintain close family relations • Ways of Evangelization

they conformed to a sort of political
organization – Confederation of – Grupo – regular, sekular
Madyaas (Sumakwel – chieftain)
• Augustinian, Franciscan,
• The Alledged Code of Kalantiyaw Datu Dominican, Jesuit,
Kalantiyaw Recoletos
 – Wika - Arsopispado ng Maynila
(Tagalog), Nueva Segovia
(Ilokano), Nueva Caceres (Bikol),
Cebu (Cebuano, Ilongo, Waray)

– Plaza Complex - epekto

• Ways of Colonization

– SWORD (Military Campaign)

– Colonial Regulations

• Centralization

• Patronization

– Utilization of Native Culture

• Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza
de Barangay (O.D. Corpuz
na Political Shock
Absorbers)

• Hindrances of Spanish Colonization

• infieles

– Cordillera

– Muslim - Ummah