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Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik

17-A KIDAR BLDG. Gen Luna St., Erikson’s stages are:
Davao City a. psychometric c. psychopharmacological
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CP # 0922-8749028/0922-8749029 12. Trust vs. mistrust is:
WEBSITE: www.stlouisreviewcenter.net a. an Alderian notion of morality
b. Erik Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial
development
Practice Test c. essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of
egocentrism
d. the basis of morality according to Kohlberg
1. Freud proposed that superego is:
13. A person who successfully mastered Erikson’s
a. basic instinctual form of mental energy
first seven stages would be ready to enter
b. an overdeveloped ego leading to self-
Erikson’s final or eight stage.
centered behavior
a. generativity versus stagnation
c. the source of libido
b. initiative versus guilt
d. similar to ones conscience
c. identity crisis of the later years
2. In Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis the libido is:
d. integrity versus despair
a. all memories that a person can recall at a
14. The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on
given moment
sharing your life with another person is:
b. basic instinctual energy
a. actually the major theme in all Erikson’s
c. the part of one’s body to which sexual
eight stages
energy is attached at a given moment
b. generativity versus stagnation, ages 35 to 60
d. the source of sexual energy
c. Intimacy vs. isolation. ages 23 to 34
3. Ego is to reality principle as id is to:
d. a critical factor Erikson fails to mention
a. pleasurable principle
15. Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson agreed that:
b. unconsciousness
a. each developmental stage needed to be
c. defense mechanism
resolved before an individual could move on
d. free-association
to the next stage
4. Freud postulated psychosexual stages.
b. developmental stages are primarily
a. id, ego, superego
psychosexual
b. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
c. developmental stages are primarily
c. eros, thanatos, regression, and superego
psychosocial
d. manifest, latent, oral, and phallic
d. a person can proceed to a higher stage even
5. Freud’s Oedipus Complex.
if a lower stage is unresolved
a. is the stage in which fantasies of sexual
16. Erikson’s middle age stage (ages 35-60) is
relations with the opposite-sex parent occurs
known as Generativity versus Stagnation.
b. occurs during the phallic stage
Generativity refers to:
c. a and b
a. the ability to do creative work or raise a
d. is a concept Freud ultimately eliminated from
family
his theory
b. the opposite of stagnation
6. In girls, the Oedipus Complex may be referred
c. the productive ability to create a career,
to as:
family and leisure time
a. systematic desensitatization
d. all of the above
b. covert desensitatization
17. In Erikson’s description of psychosocial stages
c. in vivo desensitatization
the primary danger of development during
d. the Electra Complex
adolescence is:
7. The correct order of the Freudian psychosexual
a. experiencing feelings of isolation
stages is:
b. failing to develop a consistent concept of
a. oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital
self-confidence
b. oral, anal, genital, phallic and latency
c. experiencing a sense of inferiority
c. oral, phallic, latency, genital and anal
d. suffering from self-absorption
d. phallic, genital, latency, oral and anal
18. According to Erikson, generativity:
8. According to the Freudians, if a child is severely
a. depends on fusing identities
traumatized, he or she may ___ a given
b. is essential to avoid a sense of isolation
psychosexual stage.
c. may be achieved through creative
a. skip c. ignore
d. is experienced only by those who have
b. become fixated d. a and c
contact with young people
9. From a Freudian perspective, a person who has
19. According to Erikson’s description of
problem with alcoholism and excessive smoking
psychosocial stages the major concern of young
would be:
adults is to:
a. considered an oral character
a. achieve identity and avoid role confusion
b. considered an anal character
b. achieve intimacy and avoid isolation
c. considered a genital character
c. establish integrity and avoid despair
d. fixated at the latency stage
d. experience generativity and avoid stagnation
10. The statement “ the ego is dependent on the id”,
20. Erikson suggests that elementary school children
would almost likely reflect the work of
are most likely to develop a sense of industry
a. Erick Erikson c. Jean Piaget
and avoid a sense of inferiority if they:
b. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kohlberg
a. are encouraged to become independent

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 b. do well in school
c. get along well with peers
d. have good relationships with teacher
21. In order, from infancy through adolescence, the
stages of cognitive development describe by:
Piaget are:
a. sensorimotor , adaptational, operational,
formal operational
b. sensorimotor, operational, postoperational,
formal operational
c. sensorimotor, preoperational,
postoperational, formal operational
d. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete
operational, formal operational
22. Piaget’s principle of equilibration stresses.
a. the continuity of cognitive development
b. the tendency of a child to seek biological
balance
c. the universality of a child to develop
consistent conception
d. the universality of stages of cognitive
development
23. In Piaget’s theory the principles of assimilation
and accommodation account for the tendencies
of children to:
a. take in ideas and alter conceptions of
experience
b. combing ideas and solve problems
c. establish intellectual balance and combine
schemes
d. sort our experiences and classify them
24. In Piaget’s theory, accommodation
a. is a stage of cognitive development
b. occurs when children deal with the
environment in terms of their existing
cognitive structures
c. occurs when children modify their cognitive
structures to deal with new experiences
d. refers to perceptual adaptation
25. Roger complained because his sister had two
brownies while he had only one. His mother
explained that when he was older he would get
two, too. When Roger began to cry, his mother
said, “If you want two, I will give you two”
Roger thanked his mother and smiled with
satisfaction. This example suggests Roger lacks
as concept that Piaget called:
a. egocentrism c. conservation
b. equilibration d. assimilation
26. In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
decentration refers to:
a. the child’s ability to think of more than one
quality at a time
b. the child’s ability to notice details
c. the central characteristics of a situation
d. an interiorized action that can be reversed
27. An explanation of separation anxiety derived
from Piagetian principles stresses the concept
of:
a. conservation c. animism
b. decentration d. object permanence
28. A child who searches for a toy that has fallen
and rolled out of sight has developed the
concept of:
a. object permanence c. conservation
b. spatial displacement d. sensorimotor action
29. The two distinctive features of preoperational
thinking stressed in Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development are:
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a. inability to assimilate, inability to conserve
b. inability to reverse, inability to modify
schemes
c. one-track thinking, inability to reverse
d. tendency to focus on one quality, inability to
reverse
30. Which of the following proverbs is most closely
related to what Piaget meant by functional
assimilation?
a. Practice makes perfect
b. The early bird catches the worm
c. A stitch in time saves time
d. Better late than never
31. In Kohlberg’s description of stages of moral
reasoning, preoperational thinking is
characterized by:
a. not allowing for intensions
b. avoiding punishment
c. respecting authority
d. wanting to impress others
32. Which of the following thoughts would a child at
Kohlberg’s conventional level be most likely to
have if he saw a classmate cheat on a test?
a. If I tell on him, he might chase me home
after school.
b. The teacher will say I did the right thing if I
tell him.
c. His parents are really putting pressure on
him to get high grades. On the other hand,
he is not being fair to those of us who aren’t
cheating.
d. If I tell on him, he might tell the teacher that
I was the one who left the soccer ball on the
playground.
33. In Kohlberg’s description of stages of moral
reasoning, conventional thinking is characterized
by:
a. coming to mutual agreements
b. making up one’s own rules
c. receiving benefits in return
d. wanting to please others
34. Jean Piaget’s theory has four stages. The correct
order from stage one to stage four is:
a. formal operations, concrete operations, pre-
operations, sensorimotor
b. formal operations, preoperations, concrete
operations, sensorimotor
c. sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete
operations, formal operations
d. concrete operations, sensorimotor,
preoperations, formal operations
35. A child masters conservation in the Piagetian
stage known as:
a. formal operations – 12 years and older
b. concrete operations – ages 7 to 11
c. preoperations – ages 2 to 7
d. Sensorimotor intelligence – birth to 2 years
36. During a thunderstorm a six- year- old child in
Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought(stage
2) says, “the rain is following.” This is an
example of:
a. egocentrism c. centration
b. conservation d. abstract thought
37. Piaget’s final stage is known as the formal
operation stage. In this stage
a. abstract thinking emerges
b. problems can be solved using deduction
c. the child has mastered abstract thinking but
still feels helpless
 d. a and b
38. In Piaget’s developmental theory, reflexes play
the greatest role in the:
a. sensorimotor stage
b. formal operational stage
c. preoperational stage
d. acquisition of conservation
39. A child who focuses exclusively on a clown’s red
nose but ignores his or her other features would
be illustrating the Piagetian concept of:
a. egocentrism c. formal abstract reasoning
b. centration d. deductive processes
40. Piaget’s preoperational stage
a. is the final stage, which include abstract
reasoning
b. includes mastering, conservation
c. includes the acquisition of symbolic shcema
d. all of the above
41. Laurence Kohlberg suggested:
a. a single level of morality
b. two levels of morality
c. three level of morality
d. pre- operational thought as the basis for all
morality
42. Kohlberg’s three levels of morality are:
a. preconventional, conventional,
postconventional
b. formal, pre- formal, self accepted
c. self- accepted, other directed, authority
directed
d. preconventional, formal, authority directed
43. Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as
conventional morality. This level is characterized
by:
a. psychosexual urges
b. a desire to live up to society’s expectation
c. has self-imposed morals and ethics
d. a and b
44. An individual is told the Heinz story and
responds with, “If I stole the drug, I’d lose
respect for myself, as I would not be living up to
my own standards of honesty”. This individual:
a. would be in Kohlberg’s conventional stage
b. would be functioning in Kohlberg’s post
conventional or highest level
c. would be on anal character
d. would be orally fixated
45. A person who lives by his or her individual
conscience and universal ethical principles:
a. has according to Kohlberg, reached the
highest stage of moral development
b. is in the preconventional level
c. is in the postconventional level of self-
accepted moral principles
d. a and c
46. The statement “ bad behavior is punished, good
behavior is not”, is most closely associated with:
a. Kohlberg’s premoral stage at the
preconventional level
b. Kohlberg’s conventional level
c. the work of Carl Jung
d. Piaget’s autonomous stage, which begins at
about age 8
47. Piaget referred to the act of taking in new
information as assimilation. This results in
accommodation, which is a modification of the
child’s cognitive structures (shcemas) to deal
with the new information. In Piagetian
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nomenclature, the balance between assimilation
and accommodation is called:
a. counterbalancing c. balance theory
b. equilibration d. ABA design
48. Equilibration is:
a. a term which emphasizes the quality
between the sexes
b. performed via the id according to the
Freudians
c. a synonym for concrete operational thought
d. the balance between what takes in
(assimilation) and that which is changed
(accommodation)
49. Who expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of
moral development?
a. Erick Erikson c. Laurence Kohlberg
b. Sigmund Freud d. John B. Watson
50. Egocentric speech and thought as defined by
Piaget stresses
a. a tendency to use “I” more than “You”
b. difficulties in seeing things from another’s
point of view
c. lack of awareness of others
d. unwillingness to receive schemes
51. Metacognitive regulation is
a. self-regulation c. vicarious learning
b. self- efficacy d. behavior management
52. One’s capability for using strategies to learn
information is
a. strategy knowledge c. strategy choices
b. strategic planning d. none of the above
53. Metacognition is least relevant to:
a. text comprehension
b. solving a difficult problem
c. performing a highly- practiced skill
d. critical evaluation of a politician’s claim
54. The learner centered principle described as “the
goals of learning” refers to:
a. thinking creatively and critically
b. making long-term and short-term plans
c. improving self- esteem and appreciating
d. important skills
55. Supporters of learner-centered instruction feel it
leads to students:
a. active construction of learning
b. positive self- esteem
c. internal motivation
d. all of the above
56. Which of the following is true of metacognition?
a. metacognition enables students to better
benefit from instruction
b. metacognition consist of monitoring progress
when engaged in learning and making
changes when problems occur.
c. metacognition is thinking about thinking.
d. all of these
57. Thinking processes are:
a. innate to humans
b. Genetically determined and incapable of
being developed.
c. Really observed in “slow” learners.
d. Rarely found at the lower grade levels.
58. Many students who are taught learning
strategies do not use them because
a. they do not know how to apply strategies to
specific learning situation
b. Self- evaluation does not yield a need to
review the material using strategies because
they believe they already know the material.
 c. They are not convinced that applying the
strategy to the specific task will improve
their performance.
d. Strategy use is not emphasized by their
teachers.
59. Calvin is seven years old and in second grade.
Given children’s typical metacognitive abilities at
different age levels, which one of the following is
most likely to be true of Calvin?
a. He recognizes that learning is an active,
constructive process.
b. He realizes that mastering a topic might take
him considerable time and practice.
c. He believes that people’s conflicting opinions
about a topic may all be “right” to some
degree.
d. He is overly optimistic about how much he
can learn and remember in a short time
period.
60. Bianca talks to herself often, especially when
she is trying to solve a difficult problem.
Vygotsky would say to Bianca is:
a. engaging in egocentric and immature
thinking
b. using private speech to organize and
regulate her thinking
c. functioning at the upper limit of her zone of
proximal development
d. not affected by serial environment
61. Which of the following respects Lev Vygotsky’s
beliefs about language and thoughts?
a. children who use a lot of private speech are
usually less socially competent
b. children use internal speech earlier than they
use external speech
c. Language and thoughts initially develop
together and then become independent
d. all mental functions have social origins
62. Occurs when a teacher adjust his or her level of
support and guidance to the level of skill of the
student:
a. modeling
b. assimilation
c. scaffolding
d. transference
63. A toddler is likely to learn something in the zone
of proximal development if:
a. the toddler has mastered all the skills
necessary
b. parents or teachers do not interfere
c. the task is more difficult than the child can
do alone
d. the toddler needs little or no help from a
parent or teacher
64. Task in the upper limit of the zone of proximal
development (ZPD) are one’s:
a. a child can perform on his or her own
b. that are too difficult for a child to perform
without assistance
c. that require intuitive thoughts
d. that require deductive reasoning

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