Cabanog, Charisma 23 AUG 2019

Camat, Jeazen

Carreon, Cassandra

Corpuz, Arlene

Mones, Erika

9:30-10:30 MWF P202

WASTE CHARACTERIZATION:

CARBONATED BEVERAGE INDUSTRY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE PROCESS

The manufacturing of carbonated soft drinks is produced via Premix Method or Post Mix

Method. The method to be use is determined on the production line or equipment, the
volume of finished product and the capacity of the storage. Both methods combine all

the ingredients in a vessel except that the Post Mix Method uses only a part of the water

to create finished syrup containing all the ingredients. The process is divided in sub-

processes namely preparation of sugar solutions, blending, water deaerating and mixing

of flavors and concentrates, carbonation and packaging. Water, sweetening and

flavorings are the common raw materials for carbonated soft drinks. Some of which are

expensive and sophisticated ingredients which demands to be blended right.

Figure 1: Carbonated Drink Process

PROCESS KNOWLEDGE

Beverage Industry’s two most important parameters are the volume of water available in

the area, and the quality of water. As such, due to the abundance of water present, the

wastewater treatment required is not as complex as other companies which generate

solid wastes. This report employs the treatment of the wastes from the beverage

industry illustrated in a basic process flow diagram and simple explanation of the

method.
Wastewater treatment model of this particular beverage industry which is based on

InterBev, Asia Brewery and Coca-Cola utilizes the water treatment byproduct and the

beverage dumps.

Following is the basic process scheme employed and the terms used:

Utilities
waste

Sumpit
Production
Waste

Figure 2:

Equalization Neutralization
Sumpit
Tanks 1 and 2 Tank

Aeration 1 and
Clarifier
2

Figure 3:
 RAS = Return Clarifier
Activated water
Sludge
Clarifier RAS
Chlorine

Aeration
Final effluent

Figure 4: Figure 5:

In case of excessive amount of sludge:

RAS Clarifier

Dryin
g Bed

Figure 6:

Shown in the image above is the wastewater treatment facility that may be connected

after the beveraging section for the treatment of their liquid waste. The utilities waste

and production waste was collected on a sumpit. Then, is processed through

equalization tanks 1 and 2 followed by neutralization tank for homogenizing wastes and

to maintain ph levels.
The wastewater is then sent for aeration and further clarification. Followed by aeration

for the liquid waste to react with old sludge and is sent to the clarifier for coagulation of

the sludge. Coagulation and flocculation is employed to remove suspended solids.

Furthermore, clarifier water was treated with chlorine for final cleaning process.

In case of excessive amount of sludge, return activated sludge and clarifier water is sent

at the drying bed for further drying.

Physical state of the waste:

The influents of the wastewater treatment facility are utilities waste and the

beverage waste. Wastewater is homogenized through mixing at equalization tank. The

physical state of the waste is liquid and have properties similar to a Newtonian fluid in

terms of viscosity and reaction to shear stress. Solid wastes include returnable bottles

which will be culletized for glass reforming, sludge cakes that are disposed properly

depending on the results of solid waste characterization.

Composition of the waste:

The carbonated beverage company produces large amounts of wastewater that

comes from two main types which include utilities waste and beverage waste. Utilities

waste is mainly the water from the water treatment facility which is pumped from the

underground. This also includes water from cooling system and boiler blowdowns,

caustic and sulfuric solution for demineralizer regeneration, salt solution for softener

regeneration, and from cellar and fermenting where tanks and lines are being washed.
 Beverage wastes are the liquid rejects of the production company. These rejects

are subjected to the visual inspections such as underfill, overfill or contaminated with

other factors (dirt inside the bottles, glass fragment, chipped bottle). Other wastes

during water treatment include caustic that acts as detergent in cleaning the returnable

bottles and tanks; klenzid, a slightly acidic solution which prevents corrosion in water

lines and pumps; sanicide, a solution spritz in the tanks to remove pathogenic bacteria;

aquasol that removes codes from bottles and makes the bottles bright and shiny and

chlorine solution which is maintained at 1 to 3 ppm for disinfection purposes. This

wastewater produced by the carbonated beverage industry are primarily acidic, low

COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) which is around 100ppm ,BOD (Biological Oxygen

Demand), slightly yellow color, sludge settling volume and total suspended solids.

a. pH

The pH scale measures how strong an acid or alkali is. If it is midpoint on the

scale, it is considered neutral – the concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to the

concentration of hydroxide ions. (Gilliespie, 2019). In the beverage industry, the

influent composes of a pH ranging from 4-12 usually at 35 C. After the treatment,

the ideal pH should be 7.2-8.2.

b. COD and BOD

 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is

important in order to determine if the plant releases effluent water than is in line

with standards created by DENR. The COD is low for the influent because

For BOD, the amount of oxygen is related to the concentration of organics

present in the water.

c. Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, & Total Suspended Solids

Determining the total solids helps in determining the amount of sludge present

and further drying must be done.

d. Color

The color is from the process waste such as the beverage rejects. The effluent

must be less than or equal to 150 platinum cobalt units.

The standards that were stated that was used for the effluent are for the DENR-

EMB class C water. Class C water is suitable for the growth and propagation of fish and

other aquatic resources, suitable for irrigation and recreation such as swimming.

WASTE GENERATION AND HANDLING PROCESS

The waste generated is not in batches but it is continuous. The plant for

carbonated beverages operates three shifts to complete a day except for plant

shutdowns for maintenance and holidays. The raw materials used does not change

because it is already established. Granulated sucrose, concentrates and beverage

bases, flavors and Ingredients, and carbon dioxide are the main raw materials used in

the carbonated beverage industry. The waste composition is not affected by pressure

and temperature and the storage time of the waste does not affect the waste

characterization.

References:

DENR. (1990). DENR Administrative Order No. 34. Retrieved from

https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/DAO-1990-34.pdf

Gillespie, C. (2019, March 2). What Is the Meaning of a Ph Scale? Retrieved from

https://sciencing.com/meaning-ph-scale-6304041.html