Transport and Circulation

 Functions of Xylem and Phloem

 Plant transport involves:

 Absorption of water through roots
 Up and down movement of substances in phloem
Xylem and Phloem
 Absorption of water plus macronutrients and
micronutrients through the root system by diffusion
 Root hairs increase the surface area for transport
 Epidermis cortex endodermis pericycle  move
upwards by means of xylem vessels
Xylem
 Phloem cells transport substances such as products of
photosynthesis, water and other compounds up and
down the plant body

 Two major hypotheses on how substances can move up

and down the plant body:
 Ascent of xylem sap
 Pressure flow or bulk flow
1. Ascent of xylem sap –

1. “push” from below by the water molecules gushing

upwards through xylem vessels
2. “pull” from above by a combination of transpiration
(evaporation of water from the plant body) and
cohesion of water molecules through hydrogen bonds
2. Pressure flow or bulk flow maintains that in the plant
there is a source cell and a sink cell

1. “source” cell is where photosynthesis occurs (leaf

cells)
2. “sink” cell is where the nutrients are needed
(sucrose and other substances, growing parts of the
plants e.g. buds, flowers, fruits, root tips)
 Heart
 Typical tetrapod blood pumped
 By pulmonary arteries, from heart to lungs
 By pulmonary veins, back to heart
Heart (cont.)

Figure 13.7: Chambers of the primitive

vertebrate heart.
 Amphibian Heart
 Spiral valve directs oxy.
blood entering ventricle
from left atrium
 Conus (truncus) arteriosus;
also called bulbous cordis
 Bulbous arteriosus
 Swelling of ventral aorta
 Smooth muscle Figure 13.13: Three-chambered frog heart.
 Amphibian Heart (cont.)
 Urodele- partially divided
circulation
 Right and left atrium
 Sinus venosus dumps into
right atrium
 Pulmonary veins leave left
ventricle
 Reptile - fully divided
circulation, but additional
chamber (as in turtle) Figure 13.14: Turtle heart chambers and
circulation path.
Birds and Mammal Circulation
 Aorta
Superior vena cava
Left
Right
pulmonary artery
pulmonary artery Left atrium
Pulmonary trunk
Left
Right atrium pulmonary veins
Right
pulmonary veins Mitral
Fossa (bicuspid) valve
ovalis Aortic
Pectinate valve
Pulmonary
muscles valve
Tricuspid Left ventricle
valve
Papillary
Right ventricle
muscle
Chordae Interventricular
tendineae septum
Trabeculae Myocardium
carneae Visceral
Inferior pericardium
vena cava Endocardium
(e)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 18.4e
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation

Figure 18.5
Different Technologies Related to
Circulatory System
 Pacemaker

 Electrocardiogram (ECG)

 Stethoscope

 Defibrillator

 Sphygmomanometer
 Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT)

 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Diseases of Circulatory System
 Hypertension

 Aneurysm

 Rheumatic Heart Disease

 Stroke

 Leukemia
 Sickle-cell Anemia

 Atherosclerosis
1. Hypertension

2. Aneurysm

3. Rheumatic Heart Disease

4. Stroke

5. Leukemia
 PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 2
 ROLE PLAY THE FOLLOWING DISEASES
SHOWING ITS CAUSES, SYMPTOMS,
DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT
 RECORD A 3-MINUTE VIDEO OF YOUR ROLE
PLAY.
1. Hypertension
2. Aneurysm of the heart
3. Rheumatic Heart Disease
4. Stroke
5. Leukemia
 *ENGLISH ONLY PLEASE :D
 I'LL GIVE YOU 1 HOUR TO PREPARE THE VIDEO.