CURRENT STATUS OF THE HEALTH OF

FILIPINO YOUTH
Ma. Victoria C. Villareal MD, FPPS
July 15, 2013
Group it (8)

The Philippine Adolescent Population

 They represent 22.6% of the total population:
10-14 yrs = 10 Million
15-19 yrs = 9 Million
Total = 19 Million
Projected 2020 Philippine Population Curve
 Based on POPCOM: *More females 80 and above than males. Thus, the lifespan of
o 1st quarter 2008 - 42 M of the estimated 88M females is longer compared to males.
(48%) are 0-18 yrs old *Becomes wider compared to the previous graphs.
 NSO:  The adolescents (10-19 years old) or youth (15-24 years
o 2010 Census of Population and Housing old) comprise a significant group who can define and
(Country’s population) – 92,337,852 with 21M drive community and national development.
youth  As individuals, they have their own views, characteristics,
behaviors and aspirations that make them agents of their
own development.
 But adolescence is also a period of transitions
characterized by confusions, curiosity, and adventure as
they conduct the task of gaining self-identity.
Top Emergency Room Consults
Disease Disease
1. Trauma 1. Injuries
2. Acute appendicitis 2. Diseases of the
3. UTI appendix
1990 Philippine Population Curve 4. DHF 3. Full term pregnancy
*Take not of how the population changes in the years between 5. URTI
the male and female, and the young and the old. Data from: 4 Hospitals with 8-DOH retained tertiary
Adolescent Units, 2004- general hospitals in 7
2007 regions, 2006

Top Causes of Admissions

Disease Disease
1. Acute Gastroenteritis 1. Disease of the
2. Pneumonia appendix
3. DHF (Dengue 2. Complications of
hemorrhagic fever) pregnancy, delivery
4. Asthma and peurperium,
5. SLE (Systemic lupus including abortive
erythematosus) outcome
2010 Philippine Population Curve 3. Arthropod-borne viral
infection and
*The base is bigger and larger compared to the top, so this Data from: 4 Hospitals with hemorrhage (DHF)
means that the population is a young population. Adolescent Units, 2004-2007
- more females at the elder age group compared to the males 8-DOH retained tertiary
general hospitals in 7
regions, 2006
Mortality rates of the leading causes of death among
adolescents, 2005 ( We are still looking for the 2005 data that
we failed to get during doc’s lecture )

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 Top 5 Leading Causes of Death, 10-14 years old, Females, Some Priority Health Problems affecting Adolescents
2003 I. Nutritional problems
Cause Rate/100,000 II. Substance use/abuse
1. Pneumonia 3.2 III. Accidental and intentional violence
2. Accidental drowning and submersion 3.0 IV. Mental health problems
3. Chronic rheumatic heart disease 2.8 V. Sexual and reproductive health problems
4. Congenital anomalies 2.7
5. Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical 2.2 I. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS
findings not elsewhere classified  Nutrition during adolescence is important for optimal
(8-DOH retained tertiary general hospitals in 7 regions, growth and development.
2006)  Good nutrition is essential for survival, physical
growth, mental development, performance,
Top 5 Leading Causes of Death, 10-14 years old, Males, 2003 productivity, health and well being.
Cause Rate/100,000  During adolescence:
1. Accidental drowning and submersion 4.5  20% of total growth in height
2. Pneumonia 3.7  50% of adult weight gain
3. Transport Accidents 3.7
4. Other diseases of the Nervous System 2.8 Some nutritional issues in adolescence:
5. Chronic rheumatic heart disease 2.8 a. Undernutrition
(8-DOH retained tertiary general hospitals in 7 regions, b. Micronutrient Deficiency
2006) c. Overweight and Obesity
Top Leading Causes of Death (15-19 years old), Females, d. Eating disorders
2003
Cause Rate/100,000 Trends in weight status by sex 2005
1. Chronic Rheumatoid heart disease 3.7 Weight Sex % 1993 1998 2003 2005
2. Symptoms, signs and abnormal Status
clinical findings not elsewhere 2.9 Underweight Male 21.6 23 20.5 20.5
classified Female 9.5 16.5 10.5 11.5
3. TB of the respiratory system 2.6 Total 15.8 19.8 15.5 16
Overweight Male 2.6 1.2 3.4 4.9
4. Pneumonia 2.6
Female 2.2 4.7 3.8 4.8
5. Transport accidents 2.5 Total 2.4 2.9 3.6 4.8
(8-DOH retained tertiary general hospitals in 7 regions,
2006) A. Undernutrition
Top Leading Causes of Death (15-19 years old), Males, 2003  11-19 years old
Cause Rate/100,000  33% are underweight for age
1. Assault 14.7  24% are underweight for height
2. Transport accidents 9.0  3 out of 10 Filipino children have stunted growth due
to poverty and malnutrition (FNRI 2000)
3. Accidental drowning and submersion 4.7
B. Micronutrient Deficiency
4. Event of undetermined intent 4.6  Iron and Iodine deficiency are common:
5. Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical - common in females because of menstrual flow
4.2
findings not elsewhere classified - 1 of every 4 males have iron deficiency anemia
(8-DOH retained tertiary general hospitals in 7 regions, Iron Deficiency Anemia
2006) Female 32.2%
Significant Causes of Death, 10-24 years old, 2003 16-19 years old
Male 26.2%
10-24 y/o as Goiter
Cause
% of all ages Female 16.5%
1. Complications of pregnancy, 15-20 years old
Male 3.1%
delivery and peurperium, including 40%
abortive outcome  The adverse effects include:
2. Epilepsy 40%  Delayed growth spurt
3. Chronic rheumatic heart disease 37%  Stunted height
4. Intentional self-harm/Suicide 34%  Delayed or retarded intellectual development
(8-DOH retained tertiary general hospitals in 7 regions,  Anemia
2006)  Increased risks in childbirth

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C. Overweight and Obesity  Among the 1026 adolescents from private (62%) and
 Chronic disorder of energy balance between intake public (38%) schools in Metro Manila, 13% were
and expenditure (supply and demand) overweight and 8% were obese.
 Increasing prevalence is related to lifestyle changes:
high fat diet and low level of physical activity 5 stages of dieting
 These increase risk of developing non-communicable 1. denial
diseases during adolescence or later in life particularly 2. anger
diabetes: “Diabesity” 3. bargaining
 Prevalence of overweight among 9-11 years doubled 4. depression
from 2.4% in 1993 to 4.8 in 2005. 5. acceptance- diet
 2% of teenage students are overweight and 30% are
physically inactive, spending ≥3hours each day in Vicious Diet Cycle
sedentary activities. decreased
 Tendency for obese children to remain obese in body Diet
adulthood. (FNRI 2008) image
 Age of 5- predictor of obesity in adulthood; if you are Guilt/Negative self-
Deprivation
talk
obese at 5 , you likely be an obese adult

Weight Stigmatization
 Close relationship partners (friends, parents, spouses) Out of control Hunger
o most common source of worst encounters
 Weight-based stereotypes
o “lazy, sloppy, ugly, dirty, dull, stupid” Overeat/
Consequences of Being Obese/Overweight Physiologic response
binge/purge
(Physical and Psychosocial)
Major Minor Rebel
Feel angry/ all or
 Hypertension/CVD  Heat intolerance/rash against
nothing thinking
rules
 DM/Altered puberty  Breathlessness/ Eat
onset/Polycystic ovaries tiredness
 Obstructive Sleep Apnea  Musculoskeletal D. Eating Disorders
Syndrome disability  Most adolescents are conscious of the changes in their
(OSAS)/Pickwickian/Asthma bodies and want to conform to an “Ideal Body Image.”
 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver  Altered pubertal  Eating disorders in adolescence are associated with low
Disease (NAFLD)/Non- development self-esteem.
alcoholic Steatohepatitis Anorexia Nervosa- fear of becoming
(NASH)/GERD/Cholelithiasis overweight
 Foot pronation/Slipped capital  Cutaneous striae Bulemia- loves to eat but do not want to get
epiphysis fat—vomit forcerfully or intentionally
 Benign intracranial
hypertension The relationship between Weight Status, Actual and ideal
Physical Appearance Self Perception and Self Esteem of High
Obesity and HPN among Adolescent HS Students in Iloilo City school Students
(Carmona, 2004) (988 respondents, 53% females, 47% males, 42.2% with normal
 2,516 out of 21,116 (11.9%) students 12 to 18 years of weights, 7.8% obese)
age in randomly selected HS in Iloilo City in January-  majority has average self esteem which increases with
December 2004 age
 Public School (52.4%), Private school (47.6%)  females have significantly higher degree of body
 Prevalence of obesity (95th percentile BMI) is 5.6%. dissatisfaction than males
 Prevalence of HPN among the subjects is 1.9%.  the higher the BMI, the higher the body dissatisfaction,
 There is a weak positive correlation between BMI and the lower the self esteem
systolic/ diastolic BP.  obese high school students have a higher risk of having a
 Department of Education SY 2005-2006: 3% prevalence low self esteem but trend is not as strong as Western
of obesity among 2,827,670 public HS students in counterpart
Region I-XII and NCR.

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Nutrition and Adolescents: What Can We Do? 68.8% think smoke from others is harmful to them
 adolescence is the ideal time for nutrition education 15.0% have friends who smoke
o healthy food choices
o healthy eating practices CESSATION- CURRENT SMOKERS
 reinforce knowledge with comprehensive and holistic 86.0% want to stop smoking
approach 87.1% tried to stop smoking during the past year
85.9% have ever received help to stop smoking
Strategies
 Diet intervention (no softdrinks, iced tea, juice) SCHOOL
 Exercise Program (can be brisk and sustained walking, 69.6% had been taught in class, during the past year, about the
not necessarily working out in the gym) dangers of smoking
 Behavior Modification (less sedentary activities) 61.3% had discussed in class, during the past year, reasons why
 Pharmacotherapy (medicines which will act on ezymes people their age smoke
such as lipase ---Orlistat) 69.3% had been in class, during the past year, aware of the
effects of the disease
II. SUBSTANCE ABUSE
A. Tobacco and Adolescents MEDIA AND ADVERTISING
Tobacco Kills!!
 associated with more than 40 life-threatening  Social Factors that Influence Initiation of Tobacco Use
diseases  accessibility to tobacco
 smoking kills one in ten adults worldwide  price of tobacco products
 5 million deaths in 2003, double in 2020, most of  marketing g of tobacco products
them occurring in developing countries  perceived norms
 half of long term smokers will be killed by tobacco  parental strictness/hostility
and half will die prematurely, losing 20-25 years of  family conflict
life  parental smoking
 tobacco use results in annual global net loss of  sibling smoking
$200 billion – increased risk of developing cancer  peer smoking
 peer attitudes and attachment
Global youth tobacco survey 2007
 Attitudes that put Adolescents at Risk for Smoking:
PREVALENCE  tolerance of smoking by others
46.2 % of students had ever smoked cigarettes (Male=58.2%,  belief that smoking enhances their image
Female= 34.7%)  rebellious attitude
27.3% currently use any tobacco product (Male= 34.4%,  perception of maturity
Female= 19.6%)  perception that smoking is fun and pleasant
21.7% currently smoke cigarettes (Male= 29.3%, Female=  expectation of positive consequences from
13.8%) smoking
13.6% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking this year  placing more value on perceived positive results of
smoking than on negative consequences
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES
33.1% think boys and 19.4% think girls who smoke have more  Effects of Smoking in the Brain
friends 1. an intense reinforcing pharmacologic response will be
18.2% think boys and 15.1% think girls who smoke look more experienced:
attractive
 pleasurable nicotine “buzz”
 relaxation
ACCESS AND AVAILABILITY
 reduced stress
18.6% usually smoke at home
 increased alertness
56.0% buy cigarettes in a store
64.0% bought cigarettes were not refused because of their age  improved concentration
 changes in mood
ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE  The Cycle of Nicotine Addiction
57.8% live in homes where others smoke in their presence  nicotine binding causes an increase in release of
56.7% have one or more parents who smoke dopamine
67.9% are around others who smoke in places outside their  dopamine gives feeling of pleasure and calmness
home  the dopamine decrease between cigarettes leads
89.4% think smoking should be banned from public places to withdrawal symptoms of irritability and stress

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  the smoker craves nicotine to release more
dopamine to restore pleasure and calmness
 Tobacco is addictive.
1. The age at which smoking starts is getting
younger.
2. 13% of ever smokers tried their 1st cigarette
before age of 10 (GYTS, 2000)
o Girls – 15.4%
o Boys – 11.0%
 The earlier adolescents start using tobacco, the
more likely they will become addicted, and the
less likely they will quit.
 Facts about Smoking
 yellowed teeth and nicotine-stained fingertips and
fingernails
 wrinkles especially around the mouth
 Odors! Smoking makes your breath, hair, clothes and
car stink!
 Addiction, Wrinkles, Cataracts, and Cancers
 Industry Sponsored Smoking prevention Programs
 “Youth should not smoke”
 “Smoking is an adult decision”
 These approaches are ineffective and may actually
encourage an increase in youth smoking

 Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Grades IV,V, and VI  Tobacco and Adolescents: What can we do?
Pupils in Oton, Iloilo  educating adolescents on nicotine addiction and the
(Subjects; 730 pupils); self-administered questionnaire risks of tobacco use
Prevalence rate:  implementing smoke-free schools, public places,
1. 17.2% mostly males vehicles and homes
2. 21.5% from private schools  banning all forms of advertising and promotions
3. 16.4% from public school
 refusing all offers of support from tobacco industry
4. 81.36% consume 1-3 sticks/day
 addressing smoking cessation among all smokers
5. + family members who smoke
 campaigning for an increase in tobacco prices
First experience:
Based on Iloilo City Anti Smoking Ordinance
 8-10 y.o. -66.67% at home
500- first offense
 Reason-curiosity 72.5%
1000-second offense
First Cigarette from:
 Grandfather-29.17% B. Illegal Drugs
 Friend-28.33%  National Youth Commission 1997
 Bought-16.67% o 10% youth (2.1 M) claimed to have experience
Majority did not want to become regular smokers as adults. in using illegal drugs
 80% who smoked in the 12 month pre-survey have o Average age of first use - 17.3 years
tried to stop smoking during the past year.  Phil YAFS 2002
o 11% (1.8 M) ever tried illegal drugs
 Tobacco Advertising: adolescents as targets
Tobacco companies target adolescents with misleading
images of “power” and “glamour”, sponsoring sporting events,
star athletes, fashion shows and adventure contests to attract  Most commonly used drugs:
adolescents to smoke. 1. Shabu (methamphetamine)
 among non smokers, 26.5% are likely to initiate 2. Marijuana (cannabis)
smoking next year 3. Rugby (Inhalant)
 25.87% think boys who smoke have more friends 4. Cough/cold preparations
 13.9% think girls who smoke have more friends 5. Benzodiazepines
6. Narcotics/analgesics
Youth Are Victims of False Propaganda  Ecstasy – in disco bars/nightclubs
 Advertising that falsely equates smoking with: C. Alcohol
 popularity  67% of Filipino Youth alcohol drinkers had their first
 strength and health alcohol by 15-19 yrs old.
 masculinity  Social reasons 50.6%
 attractiveness  Remove stress/boredom 17.5%
 emancipation  To be happy/gain pleasure 17. %
 being slim  Peer pressure 6.7%
 excellence in sports, music, arts  Curiosity 2.8%
 economic status Beer is most commonly used alcoholic drink.
2 out 3 of Filipino youth had their first drink at 15-19

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  Lifetime prevalence* of alcohol drinking among Filipino Caught
Caught drinking
Youth School measure drunk
N=13
Gender No. interviewed No of drinks Prevalence % N=13
Male 1473 1009 68.5 Reported to parents 13 12
Female 2416 508 21.0 Reprimanded and brought 8 8
to guidance counselor
Total 3889 1517 39.0 Reprimanded and brought 7 7
*had at least once drunk alcohol in their lifetime to principal
Suspended 5 8
 Prevalence of current** alcohol drinking among Filipino Sent home 4 6
youth Expelled on 2nd offense 1 1
Gender No. interviewed No of drinks Prevalence % Reported to police 1 -
Male 1009 869 86.1
Female 508 277 54.5 III. ACCIDENTAL AND INTENTIONAL VIOLENCE
Total 1517 1146 75.4
Among 10-24 yrs old, the top 2 causes of mortality are:
**had drunk alcohol in the past 30 days of survey 1. homicide
 Alcohol Initiation among High School Students in Iloilo 2. injury inflicted accidentally or purposely
City
Respondents: Based on crime statistics – murders committed by youths in the
590 students from 16 HS Philippines ranked 6th among 70 countries.
 12-22 yrs old
 54% public schools A. Adolescents, violence, and abuse
 50% males
Suicide:
Results  13.4% ever had suicidal thoughts
Lifetime prevalence 55.08%  3.3% ever tried to commit suicide
Age of Alcohol initiation regardless of 12.6 years old  21% know at least 1 friend who ever tried suicide
allowance
Earlier among private high school 12.28 years old Sexual and Physical abuse:
Source: Berezo, Villareal 2001  2% of young girls (about 0.6M) have experienced
Reasons for Initiating Alcohol Use sexual abuse;
Reasons No. Percent  3% (about 0.6M) have suffered physical abuse by a
To celebrate/party 82 27.70 family member
Curiosity 54 18.24  1 in 5 (15-49 years) experienced physical violence since
For fun/relaxation 13 14.52 age 15 years.
Peer or family pressure 10 13.51
To forget problems 38 12.84 Suicide in Teens:
Personal choice 15 5.07  There is a steady rise
Part of growing up 15 5.07  9th leading cause of death for those aged 20-24 years
Like the taste of alcoholic drinks 5 1.69 old; 7 out of 10 who died were males.
Nothing to do 4 1.35  In 2003, 34% of all deaths from suicide were 10-24
years old.
 Strategies for Prevention and Intervention  For all age groups, annual average increase in suicides
Respondents - 13 school principals/guidance counselors was 7%; 4% increase among 15-19 y/o and 21%
Programs: increase among 10-14 years old.
1. Orientation about alcohol prohibitions
2. Disciplinary policy Most common suicide ingested in suicide attempts
3. Inclusion in curriculum - health education, scouting, (2002-2007)
CAT, homeroom Substance Ingested Male Female
4. PTA seminars
1. Kerosene Ingested 53 40
5. Drug watch Council
2. Multiple drug ingested 7 8
6. Student Junior Police
3. Organophosphates 7 4
7. Peer counseling
4. Oxalic Acid 6 2
8. Alternative activities: sports, quiz show, litmus contest,
5. Paracetamol ingestion 3 4
organizations/clubs
4 Hospitals with Adolescent Units, 2004-2007, Cuisa-
Cruz, et. Al
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 Hospitalizations due to Suicide attempts (2005-2007) Drug related crimes 24%
AGE GROUP MALE FEMALE TOTAL Violent crimes were 10x more frequent among
10-13 Y/O 3 3 6 alcohol users. Crime against property and drug
14-16 Y/O 4 6 10 related crimes occurred among multiple substance
17-19 Y/O 14 25 39 users.
TOTAL 21 34 55
Most common method for both sexes – INGESTION  Epidemiology of Child Abuse in the City of Iloilo
(610 cases from 6 districts of Iloilo City)
CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN o Physical abuse
76% of child abuse
74% of victims male
55% of victims middle child
25.9 years – median age for male physical abuser
o Sexual Abuse Victims
All female
Age 12-15 years
Low social economic status
Family size 4-6
Middle child 59%
o Sexual Abuse Perpetrators
Male 86% (Physical and Sexual)
Median age – 25 years
No relation with victims – 64%
Low social economic status – 60%
½ of cases in the form of sexual intercourse
 Knowledge, Attitudes and Perception of Iloilo City 4th o 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey
Year High School Students Regarding Guns at Home Among 1410 women 15-19 years:
Respondents: 515 students from 11 public and private 15.1% experienced physical violence
high schools 5.1% have ever experienced sexual violence since
Results: Students were aware that a license was needed age 15 years
 To own a gun – 87%
 To carry a gun – 79% One in five women 15-49 years has experienced physical
 Prevalence of homes with guns: 87% and sexual violence since age 15.
 Among those with guns
 Knew how to use gun: 20% VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
 Used the gun: 8%
 Among those without guns
 Worried that there was no gun at home: 23%
 Would rather have a gun at home: 20%

 Correlation between substance use and index crime

among children in conflict with the law in selected
rehabilitation centers in Iloilo City and Guimaras.
Respondents: 68 children in conflict with the law
Setting: Iloilo Rehabilitation Center
Dalayunan Home for the Boys in Iloilo
Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth in
Guimaras
November 2005- February 2006
Results:
Prevalence of substance users 81%
With alcohol having highest prevalence 90% IV. MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
Only ½ reached high school  Adolescents need good mental health
Only 25% used alcohol alone o To experience normal emotional and mental
Types of Crime: development
Violent crime 49% o To development their potential
Crimes against property 27%
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 o To have fulfilling relationships  Among girls, 1% reported to have paid and been paid for
o To deal with the challenges of everyday life. a sex favor.

 Mental Health Problems D. Sexually Transmitted Infections

o Emotional problems  Both adolescent boys and girls are at risk of contracting
o Behavioral problems STIs. Young people ages 15-24 have the highest infection
o Thinking and studying problems rates of STIs.
o Identity problems  For adolescent girls, untreated STIs can lead to the
following:
Adolescents living in extreme poverty, exposed to violence o Cervical cancer
or abuse, rapid social change and social pressure are more at o Pelvic inflammatory disease
risk of experiencing mental health problems. o Ectopic pregnancy
o Infertility
Mental Disorders o Increased risk of HIV infection and mother to child
Mental disorders are not uncommon among adolescents, transmission
but are often unrecognized and untreated. Globally, each year,
4M adolescents attempt to take their own lives. At least  Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Teens
100,000 of them die. o Gonorrhea – most common
o Earliest diagnosis – 13yo
 Some common mental disorders are: o Youths account for 62% of reported STD cases
o Depression o Only 21% of women 15-24 have comprehensive
o Anxiety knowledge of HIV.
o Substance abuse o Among young women who have had sex, only 4% used
o Psychosis condom at first sex. Almost 2/3 of young women know
o Eating disorders a condom source; 17% of women 18-24 years old had
sexual intercourse by 18.
 Mental health and adolescents: What can we do?
Mental health promotion has the potential to improve the  Sexual and Reproductive Health Risks: Sexually
overall development of adolescents and reduce the impact of Transmitted Infections – factors that may increase risk
risk factors for mental health problems and disorders. o Lack of information on protected sex
o Poor access to contraceptive and counseling services,
V. SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROBLEMS particularly absence of a clear policy on the provision
of services to unmarried sexually active young persons
A. Reproductive Health Problems among Adolescent o Poor health seeking behavior. Most young people are
Females reluctant to seek medical treatment for STI because of
Percentage stigma
Dysmenorrhea 56.3 o Ignorance of the presence of disease
Irregular menstrual period 37.5 o Poor access to health services or unable to afford
Painful urination 19.1 treatment
Abnormal vaginal discharge 5.9 E. Teen Pregnancy

B. Reproductive Health Problems among Adolescent Cases 2007 2006 2005 2004
Males Pregnancy 256 371 354 10
Percentage uncomplicated
Painful urination 23.2 Pregnancy 24 75 41 5
Itching in the genital area 12.9 complicated
Infection from circumcision 9.1 Preterm Labor 76 112 114 1
Swollen and reddish testicles 3.2 Abortion:
Abnormal penile discharge 2.7 Spontaneous 35 46 55 2
Genital warts or ulcers 2.9 Induced 14 29 34
 Teen Pregnancy Complications
C. Adolescent Commercial Sex Experiences o 475,000 non-medically prescribed abortions every
 Among the sexually active, more boys are into year.
commercial sex practices. o Attendance to pregnancies resulting to fetal death by
(30.6% had ever used a condom.) unlicensed midwife increased by 50% from 17% of fetal
Giving sex favor for a fee 12% deaths in year 1999 to 25% of fetal deaths in 2003.
Paying for sex favor 20%

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 o According to Phil Health Statistics, 1999-2003, 1/3 of  Men let women have contraceptive pills, IUDs, and
fetal deaths annually were to mothers 24 years old and sterilization BUT are forced to cooperate in natural
younger. family planning or it won’t work at all.
To the MOTHER
 Pre-eclampsia  Illegitimate Births in Region VI
 Preterm labor 2000-2003
To the CHILD - 30,481 (10.9%) of 279,490 live births
 Low birth weight - 63% first born
 Sepsis - Highest among 21 years old
o Unexplained pregnancy is one of the main reasons - Taken as a group: 20-24 (40.9%), 15-19 (23.1%)
teenagers stop going to school. - Among provinces-highest in Antique (13.8%)
- Among cities-highest in Silay City (23%)
 Profile and Sexual Behavior of Teenage Mothers admitted 2003-2005
at WVSU hospital (Teodosio 2001) - Highest among 20 years old
Mean Range - Taken as a group: 21-23 yrs still highest then 15-
Age of teenage mothers 17.53 15-19 19 years
Age of sexual partners 20.09 16-32
Age of teenage mother’s 19.81 13-24 MARITAL STATUS OF WOMEN
parent when patient was  Varying rates of marriage in adolescence in the world
born o 75% of teen females in Bangladesh
Age at 1st sexual intercourse 16.31 14-19 o 14% in the Philippines
Frequency of sexual 2.78 1-5 o 5% in China
intercourse per week o 11% in Us before age 18
Percentage o Decline of weddings is due to globalization
Contemplated Abortion 75%
Contraceptive use:
Withdrawal 18.75% Marital Status of Women aged 15-24 in the Philippines, 2008
Pills/condoms/calendar 0 Age Never Married Living Separated/
None 81.25% Married together Widowed
Place of 1st intercourse 15-19 88.8 2.9 7.4 0.9
Girl’s house – 9.38%
Boy’s house – 40.63% 20-24 50.9 26.8 19.8 2.6
Friend’s house – 43.75%
Beach house – 6.25% o Early marriage has decreased now versus a generation
No. of sexual partners prior to present pregnancy age in some countries – 33% in the Philippines, 50% in
One – 84.25% Indonesia.
Two – 15.63%
Teens who smoke are:
 Adolescent Fertility Rate - births per 1000 women ages More likely to use alcohol
15-19 years (2011) India 77% USA 30 Phils 48 China 8 More likely to use illegal drugs
 1 out of 3 births in the Philippines is unplanned. More likely to engage in unprotected sex…
 10% of women 15-19 are already mothers or pregnant Than teens who don’t.
with 1st child; 16 of women in Phil are married by 18.
 Some teenagers are already pregnant at age 15 years.  Some factors affecting health and development of the
Fertility Rate (per 100,000) of women aged 15-24 years, the youth
Philippines, 2008 1. Population growth
Age Urban Rural Total 2. Poverty – ↓ access to education, health services,
opportunity for health development
15-19 42 71 54
3. Education and literacy - ↓educated becomes prey to
20-24 134 202 164
illegal and undesirable activities
4. Limited gov’t resources
 Many teenagers 15-19 years old are pregnant out of
5. Economic environment
wedlock.
6. Limited access to health services
 Natural family planning method will not work out with 7. Attitudes of end users.
only women taking the cudgels.
Unwilling to utilize health services when available

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 a. Most adolescents do not recognize their
illnesses and are not aware of the
consequences of their illness
b. They do not know that they can help prevent
their illness and be treated
8. Lack of skills of health providers to deal with
adolescents’ concerns

The Vision of DOH

Well informed, empowered, responsible and healthy
adolescents and youth.

The Mission of DOH

Ensure that all adolescents and youth will have access to quality
health care services in an adolescent and youth friendly
environment.

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