Exercise :: Digital Concepts - General C.

a CMOS device
Questions
1. Any number with an exponent of zero is reprogrammable and a CMOS
D.
equal to: device
A. zero Answer: Option B

B. one
5. The range of voltages between VL(max) and
C. that number VH(min) are ________.
D. ten A. unknown
Answer: Option B B. unnecessary

C. unacceptable
2. In the decimal numbering system, what is
the MSD? D. between 2 V and 5 V
The middle digit of a stream of Answer: Option C
A.
numbers

The digit to the right of the decimal 6. What is a digital-to-analog converter?

B.
point It takes the digital information from
A. an audio CD and converts it to a
C. The last digit on the right usable form.
D. The digit with the most weight It allows the use of cheaper analog
Answer: Option D B. techniques, which are always
simpler.

It stores digital data on a hard

3. Which of the following statements does C.
drive.
NOT describe an advantage of digital
technology? It converts direct current to
D.
The values may vary over a alternating current.
A.
continuous range. Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The circuits are less affected by A DAC converts an abstract finite-
B.
noise. precision number (usually a fixed-point
binary number) into a concrete physical
C. The operation can be programmed.
quantity (e.g., a voltage or a pressure).
D. Information storage is easy.
Answer: Option A
7. What are the symbols used to represent
digits in the binary number system?

4. The generic array logic (GAL) device is A. 0,1

________.
B. 0,1,2
A. one-time programmable
C. 0 through 8
B. reprogrammable
D. 1,2
 Answer: Option A

12. A decoder converts ________.

8. A full subtracter circuit requires ________. noncoded information into coded
A.
form
A. two inputs and two outputs
coded information into noncoded
B. two inputs and three outputs B.
form
C. three inputs and one output C. HIGHs to LOWs
D. three inputs and two outputs D. LOWs to HIGHs
Answer: Option D Answer: Option B

9. The output of an AND gate is LOW 13. A DAC changes ________.

________.
A. an analog signal into digital data
A. all the time
B. digital data into an analog signal
B. when any input is LOW
C. digital data into an amplified signal
C. when any input is HIGH
D. none of the above
D. when all inputs are HIGH
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B

14. The output of a NOT gate is HIGH when

10. Give the decimal value of binary 10010. ________.
A. 610 A. the input is LOW
B. 910 B. the input is HIGH
C. 1810 the input changes from LOW to
C.
HIGH
D. 2010
Answer: Option C D. voltage is removed from the gate
Answer: Option A
11. Parallel format means that:
each digital signal has its own
A. 15. The output of an OR gate is LOW when
conductor.
________.
several digital signals are sent on A. all inputs are LOW
B.
each conductor.
B. any input is LOW
both binary and hexadecimal can
C. C. any input is HIGH
be used.

D. no clock is needed. D. all inputs are HIGH

Answer: Option A Answer: Option A
16. Which of the following is not an analog 20. In a certain digital waveform, the period is
device? four times the pulse width. The duty cycle
A. Thermocouple is ________.
A. 0%
B. Current flow in a circuit
B. 25%
C. Light switch
C. 50%
D. Audio microphone
D. 100%
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option B
21. In positive logic, ________.
17. A demultiplexer has ________. A. a HIGH = 1, a LOW = 0
one data input and a number of
B. a LOW = 1, a HIGH = 0
A. selection inputs, and they have
several outputs C. only HIGHs are present
B. one input and one output D. only LOWs are present
C. several inputs and several outputs Answer: Option A

D. several inputs and one output

Answer: Option A 22. Convert the fractional binary number
0000.1010 to decimal.
A. 0.625
18. A flip-flop has ________.
B. 0.50
A. one stable state
C. 0.55
B. no stable states
D. 0.10
C. two stable states
Answer: Option A
D. none of the above
Answer: Option C
23. Digital representations of numerical
values of quantities may BEST be
19. Digital signals transmitted on a single described as having characteristics:
conductor (and a ground) must be that are difficult to interpret
transmitted in: A. because they are continuously
A. slow speed. changing.

B. parallel. that vary constantly over a

B.
continuous range of values.
C. analog.
that vary in constant and direct
D. serial. C. proportion to the values they
represent.
Answer: Option D
 that vary in discrete steps in B. Its interconnect system is complex.
D. proportion to the values they
represent. C. It is slow.
Answer: Option D It can only be used over very short
D.
distances.
Answer: Option C
24. A common instrument used in
troubleshooting a digital circuit is a(n)
________.
28. Which format requires fewer conductors?
A. logic probe
A. Parallel
B. oscilloscope
B. Serial
C. pulser
C. Both are the same
D. all of the above
D. Cannot tell
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option B

25. The parallel transmission of digital data:

29. A pulse has a period of 15 ms. Its
is much slower than the serial frequency is ________.
A.
transmission of data.
A. 6.66 Hz
requires only one signal line
B. B. 66.66 Hz
between sender and receiver.

requires as many signal lines C. 666.66 Hz

C. between sender and receiver as
there are data bits. D. 15 Hz
Answer: Option B
is less expensive than the serial
D.
method of data transmission.
Answer: Option C 30. Give the decimal value of binary
26. Convert the fractional decimal number 10000110.
6.75 to binary.
A. 13410
A. 0111.1100
B. 14410
B. 0110.1010
C. 11010
C. 0110.1100
D. 12610
D. 0110.0110
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C

31. The rise time is the time it takes a pulse to

27. What is one relative disadvantage of go from ________.
serial transfer? the base line to the maximum
A.
A. It requires too many conductors. HIGH voltage
 10% of the pulse amplitude to the noncoded information into coded
B. A.
maximum HIGH voltage form

the base line to 90% of the pulse coded information into noncoded
C. B.
amplitude form

10% of the pulse amplitude to 90% C. HIGHs to LOWs

D.
of the pulse amplitude
D. LOWs to HIGHs
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A

32. What is an analog-to-digital converter? 36. What kind of logic device or circuit is used
A. It makes digital signals. to store information?
A. Counter
It takes analog signals and puts
B.
them in digital format. B. Register
It allows the use of digital signals in C. Inverter
C.
everyday life.
D. Buffer
D. It stores information on a CD.
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B

37. PLCC packages have leads on ________.

33. A multiplexer has ________.
A. one side
A. one input and several outputs
B. two sides
B. one input and one output
C. three sides
C. several inputs and several outputs
D. four sides
D. several inputs and one output
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option D

38. What is the typical invalid voltage for a

34. What is the decimal value of 23 ? binary signal?
A. 2 A. 0.7–2.8 volts
B. 4 B. 0.8–3 volts
C. 6 C. 0.8–2 volts
D. 8 D. 0.7–2.5 volts
Answer: Option D Answer: Option C
Explanation:
23 = 2*2*2=8
39. Convert the fractional binary number
0001.0010 to decimal.
35. An encoder converts ________.
 A. 1.40 A. zero.

B. 1.125 B. one.

C. 1.20 C. two.

D. 1.80 D. that number.

Answer: Option B Answer: Option D

40. Convert the fractional binary number 44. Serial format means digital signals are:
10010.0100 to decimal. sent over many conductors
A.
A. 24.50 simultaneously.

B. 18.25 sent over one conductor

B.
sequentially.
C. 18.40
C. sent in groups of eight signals.
D. 16.25
Answer: Option B D. sent in binary coded decimal.
Answer: Option B

41. How many binary bits are necessary to

represent 748 different numbers?
45. What is the decimal value of 2–1 ?
A. 9
A. 0.5
B. 7
B. 0.25
C. 10
C. 0.05
D. 8
D. 0.1
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

42. A periodic digital waveform has a pulse

width (tw) of 6 ms and a period (T) of 18 46. Which format can send several bits of
ms. The duty cycle is ________. information faster?
A. 3.3% A. Parallel

B. 33.3% B. Serial

C. 6% C. Both are the same

D. 18% D. Cannot tell

Answer: Option B Answer: Option A

43. Any number with an exponent of one is 47. The frequency of a pulse train is 2 kHz.
equal to: The pulse period is ________.
 A. 5 ms 51. A classification of ICs with complexities of
12 to 100 equivalent gates on a chip is
B. 50 ms known as ________.
A. SSI
C. 500 s
B. MSI
D. 2 s
Answer: Option C C. LSI

D. VLSI

48. What has happened to the advances in Answer: Option B

digital technologies over the past three
decades?
A. Slowed down considerably 52. Which of the following is a semiconductor
memory?
Continued to increase, but at a A. RAM
B.
decreasing rate
B. MAR
C. Made excellent progress
C. CD-ROM
D. Nothing short of phenomenal
D. CD
Answer: Option D
Answer: Option A

49. A type of digital circuit technology that

uses bipolar junction transistors is 53. The holes through a PC board are
________. ________.
A. TTL smaller with SMT than with
A.
through-hole mounting
B. CMOS
larger with SMT than with through-
C. LSI B.
hole mounting
D. NMOS the same size as with through-hole
C.
Answer: Option A mounting

D. usually unnecessary

50. How many unique symbols are used in Answer: Option C

the decimal number system?
A. One
54. A classification of ICs with complexities of
B. Nine 100 to 10,000 equivalent gates per chip is
known as ________.
C. Ten A. SSI
D. Unlimited B. MSI
Answer: Option C
C. LSI

D. VLSI
 Answer: Option C 6. SMT stands for small-to-medium
technology.
A. True
Exercise :: Digital Concepts - True or
False B. False
1. The voltage levels used to represent Answer: Option B
binary values (0 and 1) in a digital system
are nearly equal in value.
A. True 7. X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound systems in
hospitals are examples of analog
B. False systems.
Answer: Option B A. True

B. False
2. In a serial data system, the data is Answer: Option A
transmitted along a group of conductors
simultaneously.
A. True 8. Greater accuracy and precision are
possible with digital techniques.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option B
B. False
Answer: Option A
3. Temperature variation is normally an
analog quantity.
A. True 9. With an OR gate, the output is HIGH only
when both inputs are HIGH.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option B
4. Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) uses the
bipolar transistor as its main circuit
element.
10. The time interval on the leading edge of a
A. True pulse between 10% and 90% of the
amplitude is the rise time.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option A
5. A digital quantity has a discrete set of
values.
A. True 11. Telecommunications systems do not use
digital techniques.
B. False A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
 Answer: Option B 18. Using digital techniques of information
storage is easy.
A. True
12. The real world is mainly analog.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option A
19. One advantage of analog circuits over
digital circuits is that it's easier to store
13. Binary means having two states or values. data.

A. True A. True

B. False B. False

Answer: Option A Answer: Option B

14. Four bits equal one byte. 20. Digital circuits cannot perform logic
comparisons since the circuit can have
A. True only one of two values at any instant.
B. False A. True
Answer: Option B B. False
Answer: Option B

15. An inverter performs a NOT operation. 21. A digital circuit will not obey a set of logic
A. True rules.
A. True
B. False
Answer: Option A B. False
Answer: Option B
16. In a positive logic system, the logic LOW
could be between 0 V and 0.8 V.
22. Circuits that exhibit the property of
A. True memory normally revert to their original
state when the input is removed.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option B
17. In a binary system there are only two
symbols.
A. True 23. A logic analyzer is used to display a
timing diagram.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
 Answer: Option A

30. An invalid digital signal is used as a zero.

24. Parallel transmission is faster than serial. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False Answer: Option B
Answer: Option A
31. Memory devices store binary data.
A. True
25. A microcomputer is the smallest type of
computer. B. False
A. True Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option A 32. A graph of phase vs. time is a timing
diagram.
26. A device to convert a binary number to a A. True
7-segment display format is a decoder.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option B
B. False
Answer: Option A
33. In a negative logic system, a high is
represented by 0.
27. The two binary digits are 1 and 2. A. True
A. True B. False
B. False Answer: Option A
Answer: Option B

34. The LSB is always to the right of the MSB.

28. It is possible to have an overlap between A. True
high and low levels in digital logic.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option B
35. With an AND gate, if one input is HIGH,
the output reflects the other input.
29. A microcomputer is not a general-purpose A. True
computer.
B. False
A. True
Answer: Option A
B. False
Answer: Option B 36. An ADC is an analog-to-digital converter.
 A. True D. four states

B. False Answer: Option B

Answer: Option A
2. The systems shown in the given figure
transfer data ________.
37. The arithmetic/logic unit will send the
results of its decisions to memory.
A. True

B. False
Answer: Option B A. serially

B. sequentially
38. Digital systems require that voltage levels C. in parallel
change between high and low.
A. True D. both serially and sequentially
Answer: Option D
B. False
Answer: Option A
3. Digital systems are called ________.
A. binary systems
39. The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is
composed of memory and outputs. B. logic systems
A. True
C. numbering systems
B. False
D. ADC systems
Answer: Option B
Answer: Option B

40. PALs are relatively simple integrated

4. 1/4 as a binary number would be
circuit devices.
________.
A. True
A. 0.01
B. False
B. 0.11
Answer: Option A
C. 0.10

Exercise :: Digital Concepts - Filling D. 0.00

the Blanks Answer: Option A
1. Digital systems have ________.
A. one state
5. The invalid range for an input to TTL logic
B. two states is from ________.
A. 0 to 0.8 V
C. three states
B. 1.2 to 1.6 V
 C. 0.8 to 2.0 V C. gate

D. 2.0 to 5.0 V D. code converter

Answer: Option C Answer: Option A

6. In a typical digital system, Logic 0 is 0V–

10. The horizontal axis of an oscilloscope is
0.8V, and Logic 1 is ________.
normally calibrated in units of ________.
A. 2–5V
A. voltage
B. 2.5–5V
B. current
C. 3.0–5.5V
C. time
D. 3.5–5.5V
D. frequency
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option C

7. Once a signal is digitized, the information 1 The combination of waveforms consisting of

it contains does not ________ as it is 1. the given figures 1 and 2 is generally
processed. referred to as ________.
A. complain

B. stiffen

C. compress

D. deteriorate
Answer: Option D

A. simultaneous waveforms
8. The rise-time of a pulse is normally
measured between the ________. B. a timing diagram
A. 0 and 100% level
C. two-phase waveforms
B. 10% and 90% level
D. pulse waveforms
C. 30% and 70% level Answer: Option B
50% level on the leading edge to
D.
the 50% level on the trailing edge
12. The digit that changes most often when
Answer: Option B counting is called the ________.
A. LSB
9. A logic circuit that can store one bit of B. LL Bean
information is a ________.
A. flip-flop C. LED

B. counter D. LCD
Answer: Option A
13. Memory devices that use electronic 17. The given figure is most likely a
latching circuits are called ________. ________.
A. RAM

B. flip-flops

C. magnetic tape

D. DRAM
Answer: Option B

14. A microprocessor that performs only

specific, dedicated tasks is also called a
________.
A. register
A. microcontroller
B. decoder
B. calculator
C. counter
C. laptop microrocmputer
D. multiplexer
D. workstation processor
Answer: Option A
Answer: Option A

18. A(n)________ is not a functional unit of a

15. The decimal system is composed of computer.
________ symbols.
A. input unit
A. 2
B. memory unit
B. 8
C. modem
C. 10
D. control unit
D. 16
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option C

16. The manner in which a digital circuit 19. The duty cycle of a square wave is
responds to an input is the circuit's ________.
________. A. 10%
A. logic
B. 25%
B. wiring
C. 50%
C. inputs
D. 100%
D. outputs Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A
20. If a HIGH logic level is assigned a binary A. storing data
zero (0), and a low level is assigned a
binary one (1), the logic is called B. keeping track of time
________.
A. negative logic fetching and interpreting
C.
instructions
B. positive logic
D. Internet operations
C. invalid logic Answer: Option C
D. assertion-level logic
Answer: Option A 24. Demultiplexing is a logic function that
________.
21. The quantity represented by #1 in the determines which of several inputs
A.
given figure is ________. is the greatest

switches logic from one input to

B.
any of several output lines

switches logic from several inputs

C.
onto one output line

converts a code from one form to

D.
another
Answer: Option B
A. VH(max)

B. VL(min)
25. In ________ the quantities are not
C. VH(min) represented by continuously variable
indicators.
D. VL(max)
A. analog representation
Answer: Option D
B. digital representation

C. signal representation
22. A binary number can be converted to be
viewed on a 7-segment display by a(n) D. computer representation
________.
Answer: Option B
A. decoder

B. encoder 26. A continually variable, proportional

indicator is a(n) ________ representation.
C. multiplexer
A. decimal
D. magnitude comparator
B. digital
Answer: Option A
C. unconstitutional

23. The CPU contains all the circuitry for D. analog

________. Answer: Option D
 B. serial data
27. The control and arithmetic/logic units are
C. serial-parallel data
often considered as one unit called the
________. D. both parallel and serial data
A. central processing unit Answer: Option A
B. inputs and outputs
3 The set of instructions for a computer is
C. microcomputer 1. called a(n) ________.
A. program
D. arithmetic/logic unit
Answer: Option A B. input

C. output

28. A microcontroller would not be used in D. control unit

a(n) ________.
Answer: Option A
A. VCR

B. automobile ignition system

32. The controls on an oscilloscope that will
C. antilock brakes help obtain a stable display are in the
________.
D. grandfather clock A. vertical section
Answer: Option D
B. horizontal section

C. trigger section
29. ________ is the highest-value seven-bit
binary number. D. display section
A. 128 Answer: Option C

B. 127

C. 126 33.The value of the data shown in the given

figure is ________.
D. 125
Answer: Option B

3 The systems shown in the given figure A. between 0 and 1

0. communicate using ________.
B. 1011001

C. 5

D. 1001101
Answer: Option B

A. parallel data
34. To determine which of two binary
numbers is larger, you could use a(n)
________.
A. register

B. adder

C. encoder

D. magnitude comparator
A. HIGH
Answer: Option D
B. LOW

35. In ________ transmission, a single C. off

conductor is used.
D. unacceptable
A. digital
Answer: Option D
B. automatic

C. serial 38. Other ________ are often used to

interpret or represent binary quantities for
D. binary the convenience of the people who work
Answer: Option C with and use these digital systems.
A. analog systems
36. In a negative logic system, the area
represented by #3 in the given figure B. digital systems
would be the ________ level.
C. number systems

D. binary systems
Answer: Option C

39. In a positive logic system, the HIGH level

is usually represented by ________.
A. 0V
A. HIGH
B. +1 V
B. LOW
C. +5 V
C. off
D. +9 V
D. uncertain
Answer: Option C
Answer: Option A

40. A set of instructions for a computer is

37. The area represented by #4 in the given called a(n) ________.
figure is the ________ level.
A. instruction manual

B. logic unit
C. program

D. diagram
Answer: Option C