Arevalo and Arvind (2011) examine three questions related to CSR in India.

The data being

primary data of questionnaire sent in mail to the CSR managers of 25 MSEs and 58 companies,
the questionnaire was responded to by 33 CSR managers of both combined. The scale used to
measure the answers ranged from 1 (minimum) to 7(great extent). The 3 questions were A)
which approach of CSR is preferred in India? The analysis concluded that ethical approach was
preferred. B) What is the main motivation of CSR activities of companies? The analysis
concluded Enhancement of business reputation. C) What are the main obstacles of CSR? The
analysis concluded lack of resources. The analysis thus performed was factor analysis.
Arora and Puranik (2004) examine the extent of CSR in India given its present economic
scenario and the role of the companies in eradicating the economic challenges faced by the
country. The study has the surveys of Corporate Involvement in Social Development in India’ by
Partners in Change (PiC),‘Altered Images: the 2001 State of Corporate Responsibility in India
Poll’ by Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI), ‘Corporate Social Responsibility: Perceptions of
Indian Business’ by Centre for Social Markets (CSM), and ‘Corporate Social Responsibility
Survey, 2002 ^ India’ presented jointly by the British Council, UNDP, Confederation of Indian
Industries and Price Waterhouse Coopers and two surveys conducted by Partners in Change
(2004). The study with these data analyses the perceptions of CSR in the minds of stakeholders,
corporates and the general public as well as the extent to which CSR has helped eradicate the
economic challenges of the country. The study concludes that the gap of what the companies
perceive the CSR to be and what the general public actually expects the companies to do and this
gap creates confusion about the very context of CSR in the economy.

Das (2009) talks about the present socio economic scenario in India and also the existing models
of CSR in India. Using the secondary data obtained from the newspapers and Government
websites, the study establishes a model for CSR as it would be appropriate in the Indian context.
The 3 basic ways of practicing CSR according to the model are A) provision for employment. B)
Providing skill sets to the socially backward classes and C) Understanding the socio economic
structure of India. The study concludes that by practicing CSR according to this model, the
companies can efficiently practice CSR that will be useful to the economy.