Design of Flixeble pavement on the guidelines of IRC 37 2018

(i) Bituminous Pavements with Granular Base and Sub Base

type of Road(No. provided)
Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction(Sum of both directions)(CV/day)
Percentage of axel type
Single
Tandem
Tridem
Traffic growth rate per annum
Design life
Vehicle damage factor(Based on axle load survey)
CBR of soil below the 500 mm of the subgrade
CBR of the 500 mm of the subgrade from borrow pits

Design Calculation

Lateral Distribution factor

Initial traffic

Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) computed for the traffic

Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,N(msa)
Effective CBR
Design resilient modulus of the compacted subgrade(MPa)

Bituminous layer options:-

SURFACE COURSE
Mix type
SMA
GGRB
BC

*For expressways and national highways, even if the design traffic is 20 msa or less, VG40
bitumen shall be used for DBM layers
Trial thickness of bituminous layer
Surface Layer
DBM II
DBM I

Trial thickness of Granular Base(WMM)(min 150mm)

Trial thickness of Granular Sub Base(GSB)
Total thickness of Granular Layer
Resilent Modulus of Granular Layer
Reliabitity perfomance model for subgrade Rutting and Bituminous layer cracking
Allowable vertical compressive strain on subgrade for design traffic
Allowable horizontal tensile Strain at the bottom of bituminous layer

IITPAVE Analysis

Elastic Modulus of top layer

Elastic Modulus of middle
Elastic Modulus of bottom layer

Poisson Ratio of top layer

Poisson Ratio of middle layer
Poisson Ratio of bottom layer

Thickness of top Layer

Thickness of Bottom Layer

Single Wheel Load

Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain
nes of IRC 37 2018

Base and Sub Base

5 Single-lane roads 1
5000 Intermediate lane roads of width 5 2
Two-lane two-way roads 3
45 Four-lane single carriageway roads 4
45 Dual carriageway roads
10 Two lane 5
6% Three 6
20 years Four 7
5.2
3%
10 %

0.75
2500

5.2
131.0
7%
62 MPa

BASE/BINDER COURSE
Bitumen type Mix type Bitumen type
Modified bitumen or VG40
VG40 (min. viscosity of 3600poise
Crumb rubber modified bitumen DBM at 60C temp)
With modified bitumen
Mastic Asphalt can also be used for
roads in high rainfall areas and
ffic is 20 msa or less, VG40 junction locations
s Special cases:
BC/SDBC with VG30 is recommended
if total bituminous layer requirement
is less
than 40 mm.
 VG10 bitumen may be used in the
snow bound locations

mm
190
mm
40
70 mm
80 mm

250 mm
230 mm
480 mm
200 Mpa Vbe(in %) Va(%)
90 % 11.5 3
0.000301 MRm
0.0001512424 3000

3000 Mpa
200 Mpa
62 Mpa

0.35
0.35
0.35

190 mm
480 mm

20000 N
0.56 MPa
2
4
0 155
190 670

0 Safe
0 Safe
MAS/>
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR

MAS/>
CBR
CBR

CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR

CBR
CBR

MAS/>

CBR
 CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
M
0.4990206897

MAS/>
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
 Effective CBR using IITPAVE

CBR of the soil used in the upper 500 mm of embankment 3%

CBR of the borrow soil used for preparing the 500 mm thick compacted subgrade
above embankment 10 %
Elastic modulus of the prepared (upper 500 mm) embankment soil 30 Mpa
Elastic modulus of the select borrow material 76.8267865 Mpa
Poisson’s ratio (μ) 0.35
Single Load 40000 N
Contact Pressure 0.56 MPa
Radius of Circular Circle contact Area for this load and contact pressure 150.8 mm

For IITPAVE
No. of Layers 2
Analysis point 1
Depth 0
Radial distance 0
Deflection(δ) 2.43 mm

the modulus value of the single layer which will produce

the same surface deflection 60.9902222 Mpa

As per these design guidelines, the effective modulus value will be limited to 100 MPa for design purpose
Effective CBR(cannot be less than 5) 7
 Load 40000 N
Contact Pressure 0.56 Mpa
A
76.8 Mpa
500mm

30.0 Mpa

Load 40000 N
Contact Pressure 0.56 Mpa

61.0 Mpa

Semi-infinite layer
Effective Subgrade CBR
resilent modulus
Select a trial thickness for the granular sub-base
Assume that repetitions of dumpers will be required for laying 250 mm thick WMM
layer over a single lane of length 2.0 km stretch
Assume that the load on the rear tandem axle of the dumper
Assume that the load on the front axle
Consider the 240 kN tandem axle as two single axles
VDF of a dumper
Total standard axle load repetitions
Design construction traffic to be considered is the traffic thus estimated(10000 is standard or if considered
traffic whichever is more)
Allowable vertical subgrade strain for repetitions of SA

IIT PAVE considerations

granular
sub-base modulus
poisson’s ratio for both layers
Computed (using IITPAVE) vertical subgrade strain
Compairing Both the Strains i.e. B16 AND B22
 5
50 Mpa
150 mm

200
240 KN
80 kN
120 kN
12.4195975281
2483.9195056

10000
0.0030891414

95.3325185405 Mpa
0.35
0.004324
Not Safe
 Bituminous Pavements with Cement Treated Base(CTB) Layer
Effective CBR
Cement Treated Granular Sub Base(CTSB)(min 200mm)
Cement Treated Base(CTB)(min 100mm)
Granular Relief Layer(min)
BT Layer
Flexular Strength of Cement Treated Base

Elastic Modulus :
1.BT Layer
2.Granular Crack Relief Layer
3.CTB Layer
4.CTSB
5.Subgrade

Poisson’s ratio values

Bituminous
Crack Relief Layer
Subgrade
CTB
CTSB

Checking the CTB for construction traffic:

Assume that the gross weight of a three-axle dumper (rear tandem and front single)
Assume the load on the rear tandem axle
on the front steering axle
Assume the 7-day flexural strength of CTB material(about 70 % of the
flexural strength of 1.4 Mpa)
Assume dumper trips for laying 2.0 km of 100 mm thick one lane wide
granular crack relief layer.
total no. of repetition
Allowable flexural stress for repetitions of a single axle

IIT PAVE
Layers
layer thickness
wheel load 120kN single axel
Tensile stress at the bottom of CTBlayer due to 120 kN single axle works out to

Checking for Limiting Strains

Reliabitity perfomance model for subgrade Rutting and Bituminous layer cracking
Allowable vertical compressive strain on subgrade for design traffic
Allowable horizontal tensile Strain at the bottom of bituminous layer

IITPAVE Analysis

Elastic Modulus of BT
Elastic Modulus of CTB
Elastic Modulus of CTSB
Elastic Modulus of Subgrade
Elastic Modulus Granular Crack Relief Layer
Poisson Ratio of BT
Poisson Ratio of CTB
Poisson Ratio of Subgrade
Poisson Ratio of CTSB
Thickness of BT
Thickness of CTB
Thickness of CTSB
Single Wheel Load
Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain at Bottom of BT

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain on Subgrade
ase(CTB) Layer Single Axel Load
Axel Load Class(kN)
7% 185-195
250 mm 175-185
160 mm 165-175
100 mm 155-165
110 mm 145-155
1.4 Mpa Lime-flyash-soil 1.05 MPa 135-145
Soil-cement 0.70 MPa 125-135
115-125
3000 Mpa 105-115
450 Mpa 95-105
5000 MPa 85-95
600 Mpa <85
62 MPa

0.35 Elastic Modulus :

0.35 Poisson’s ratio values
0.35 Layer Thickness
0.25 Tyre pressure
0.25 Analysis Point
first point
Second point
Wheel Load Set
max of Sigma T and Sigma R Is

Single Wheel Load

Tensile Stress

Tandem Wheel Load

Tensile Stress

Tandem Wheel Load

Tensile Stress
c:

320 kN
240 kN
 80 kN

0.98 MPa

70
140
0.7790455483 MPa

3
160 250
30000
0.7672 MPa Safe

Vbe(in %) Va(%) M
90 % 10.5 4.5 0.0484
0.000313 MRm
0.0001215095 3000

3000 Mpa
5000 Mpa
600 Mpa
62 Mpa
450 MPa
0.35
0.25
0.35
0.25
110 mm
160 mm
250
20000 N
0.8 MPa
2
4
0 155
110 620

0.0001205 Safe
0.0001768 Safe
 Axel Load Spectrum

Single Axel Load Tandem Axel Loads Tridem Axel Loads

Expected Repetition Axel Load Class(kN) Expected Repetition Axel Load Class(kN)
70000 390-410 200000 585-615
90000 370-390 230000 555-585
92000 350-370 240000 525-555
300000 330-350 235000 495-525
280000 310-330 225000 465-495
650000 290-310 475000 435-465
600000 270-290 450000 405-435
1340000 250-270 1435000 375-405
1300000 230-250 1250000 345-375
1500000 210-230 1185000 315-345
1350000 190-210 1000000 285-315
3700000 170-190 800000 255-285
<170 3200000 <255

IIT PAVE INPUTS

3000 450 5000 600
0.35 0.35 0.25 0.25
110 100 160 250
0.8
2
370 Radial distance 0
320 Radial distance 155
2
f Sigma T and Sigma R Is Taken

47500 45000 42500 40000

0.6995 0.6662 0.6328 0.5987

50000 47500 45000 42500

0.7324 0.6995 0.6662 0.6328

50000 47500 45000 42500

0.7324 0.6995 0.6662 0.6328
 Cumulative Fatigue Damage Analysis for Single Axles

Expected
Single Single Axle Tensile Stress at Fatigue
Tridem Axel Loads Axle Load Repetitions the bottom of CTB Stress Ratio Life
Expected Repetition (kN) (ni) δt (MPa) (δt / MRup) (Nf)
35000 190 70000 0.70 0.50 526274.25
40000 180 90000 0.67 0.48 1000000
40000 170 92000 0.63 0.45 1953930.4
45000 160 300000 0.60 0.43 3925901.45
43000 150 280000 0.57 0.40 7670938.22
110000 140 650000 0.53 0.38 15412702.2
100000 130 600000 0.50 0.35 30967710
330000 120 1340000 0.46 0.33 63982411.7
300000 110 1300000 0.42 0.30 128555573
275000 100 1500000 0.39 0.28 265608778
260000 90 1350000 0.35 0.25 564306628
180000 85 3700000 0.33 0.24 788805077
720000 Cumulative Fatigue Damage in CTB due to Single Axles =

62
0.35

Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,N(msa)

37500 35000 32500 30000 27500 25000

0.5644 0.5296 0.4944 0.4589 0.4229 0.3866

40000 37500 35000 32500 30000 27500

0.5987 0.5644 0.5296 0.4944 0.4589 0.4229

40000 37500 35000 32500 30000 27500

0.5987 0.5644 0.5296 0.4944 0.4589 0.4229
Axles Cumulative Fatigue Damage Analysis for Tandem Axles

Expected
Fatigue life Tandem Single Axle Tensile Stress at Fatigue
Consumed Axle Load Repetitions the bottom of CTB Stress Ratio Life
(ni/Nf) (kN) (ni) δt (MPa) (δt / MRup) (Nf)
0.13 400 400000 0.74 0.53 237079
0.09 380 460000 0.70 0.50 526275
0.05 360 480000 0.67 0.48 957090
0.08 340 470000 0.64 0.46 1740575
0.04 320 450000 0.60 0.43 3863786
0.04 300 950000 0.57 0.41 7026730
0.02 280 900000 0.53 0.38 15598168
0.02 260 2870000 0.50 0.36 28367030
0.01 240 2500000 0.46 0.33 62970074
0.01 220 2370000 0.43 0.31 114518186
0.00 200 2000000 0.39 0.28 254211273
0.00 180 1600000 0.35 0.25 564306629
0.49 170 6400000 0.34 0.24 688803331
Cumulative Fatigue Damage in CTB due to Tandem Axles =

CFD SINGLE+CFD TANDEM +CFD TRIDEM

108.7545

22500 21250
0.3499 0.3313

25000 22500 21250

0.3866 0.3499 0.3313

25000 22500 21250

0.3866 0.3499 0.3313
es Cumulative Fatigue Damage Analysis for Tridem Axles

Expected
Fatigue life Tridem Single Axle Tensile Stress at Fatigue
Consumed Axle Load Repetitions the bottom of CTB Stress Ratio Life
(ni/Nf) (kN) (ni) δt (MPa) (δt / MRup) (Nf)
1.69 600 105000 0.73 0.52 301154
0.87 570 120000 0.7 0.5 526275
0.50 540 120000 0.67 0.48 919680
0.27 510 135000 0.63 0.45 2124579
0.12 480 129000 0.6 0.43 3712761
0.14 450 330000 0.56 0.4 8576959
0.06 420 300000 0.53 0.38 14988480
0.10 390 990000 0.49 0.35 34625332
0.04 360 900000 0.46 0.33 60508751
0.02 330 825000 0.42 0.3 1.4E+08
0.01 300 780000 0.39 0.28 2.44E+08
0.00 270 540000 0.35 0.25 5.64E+08
0.01 255 2160000 0.33 0.24 7.46E+08
3.82 Cumulative Fatigue Damage in CTB due to TRIdem Axles =

5.23 NOT SAFE Should be Less then 1

m Axles

Fatigue life
Consumed
(ni/Nf)
0.35
0.23
0.13
0.06
0.03
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.92
 (i) Bituminous Pavements with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement(RAP) material
treated with Foamed Bitumen/Bitumen Emulsion and Cemented Sub-Base
type of Road(No. provided)
Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction(Sum of both directions)(CV/day)

Traffic growth rate per annum(min 5)

Design life
Vehicle damage factor(Based on axle load survey)
CBR of soil below the 500 mm of the subgrade
CBR of the 500 mm of the subgrade from borrow pits

Design Calculation

Lateral Distribution factor

Initial traffic

Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF) computed for the traffic

Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,N(msa)
Effective CBR
Design resilient modulus of the compacted subgrade(MPa)

Bituminous layer options:-

SURFACE COURSE
Mix type
SMA
GGRB
BC

*For expressways and national highways, even if the design traffic is 20 msa or less, VG40
bitumen shall be used for DBM layers
Trial thickness of bituminous layer
Trial thickness of RAP(min 100)
Trial thickness of CTSB

Reliabitity perfomance model for subgrade Rutting and Bituminous layer cracking
Allowable vertical compressive strain on subgrade for design traffic
Allowable horizontal tensile Strain at the bottom of bituminous layer

IITPAVE Analysis

Elastic Modulus of BT
Elastic Modulus of RAP
Elastic Modulus of CTSB
Elastic Modulus of Subgrade
Poisson Ratio of BT
Poisson Ratio of RAP
Poisson Ratio of Subgrade
Poisson Ratio of CTSB
Thickness of BT(min 100)
Thickness of RAP(min 100)
Thickness of CTSB(min 200)
Single Wheel Load
Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain at Bottom of BT

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain on Subgrade
 Design of Flixeble pavement on the guidelines of IRC 37

lt Pavement(RAP) material
n and Cemented Sub-Base
5 Single-lane roads 1
5000 Intermediate lane roads of width 5 2
Two-lane two-way roads 3
Four-lane single carriageway roads 4
Dual carriageway roads
Two lane 5
6% Three 6
20 years Four 7
5.2
3%
10 %

0.75
2500

5.2
131.0
7%
62 MPa

BASE/BINDER COURSE
Bitumen type Mix type Bitumen type
Modified bitumen or VG40
VG40 (min. viscosity of 3600poise
Crumb rubber modified bitumen DBM at 60C temp)
With modified bitumen
Mastic Asphalt can also be used for
roads in high rainfall areas and
ffic is 20 msa or less, VG40 junction locations
s Special cases:
 BC/SDBC with VG30 is recommended
if total bituminous layer requirement
is less
than 40 mm.

VG10 bitumen may be used in the

snow bound locations

mm
100
180 mm
250 mm

Vbe(in %) Va(%)
90 % 11.5 3.5
0.000301 MRm
0.0001402105 3000

3000 Mpa
800 Mpa
600 Mpa
62 Mpa
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.25
100 mm
180 mm
250
20000 N
0.56 MPa
2
4
0 155
100 530

0.0001042 Safe
0.0002665 Safe
n the guidelines of IRC 37
 M
0.3710666667
 GSB

MAS/> 2 5 10 20 30 50 100
CBR 3 335 335 380 380 380 380 380
CBR 4 265 285 330 330 330 330 330
CBR 5 215 250 300 300 300 300 300
thickness

CBR 6 175 210 260 260 260 260 260

CBR 7 150 180 230 230 230 230 230
CBR 8 150 150 200 200 200 200 200
CBR 9,10 150 150 200 200 200 200 200
CBR 15 100 150 200 200 200 200 200

Granular Base

MAS/> 2 5 10 20 30 50 100
CBR 3 225 250 250 250 250 250 250
CBR 4 225 250 250 250 250 250 250
thickness

CBR 5 225 250 250 250 250 250 250

CBR 6 225 250 250 250 250 250 250
CBR 7 225 250 250 250 250 250 250
CBR 8 225 250 250 250 250 250 250

CBR 9,10 225 250 250 250 250 250 250

CBR 15 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

DBM

MAS/> 2 5 10 20 30 50 100
CBR 3 50 60 90 120 140 135 155

thickness
CBR 7 50 50 60 90 110 100 120
CBR 8 50 50 60 85 100 100 115
CBR 9,10 50 50 50 80 95 95 110
CBR 15 30 40 40 60 65 65 80

BC/SDBC

MAS/> 2 5 10 20 30 50 100
CBR 3 25 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 4 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 5 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
thickness

CBR 6 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 7 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 8 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 9,10 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
CBR 15 20 25 40 40 40 40 50
150
380 0
330 0
300 0
260 0
230 230
200 0
200
200 0

150
250 <20
250 20<= to 50

250 >50
250
250
250

250
250

150
170

140
135
125
100

150
50 50 50
50 50
50
50
50
50
50
50
 230

For Non-National Highway roads with less than 20 msa design traffic, besides the SMA,
GGRB
and BC (with modified binders) mixes recommended for surface course are Bituminous
Concrete, Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete (SDBC), Pre-Mix Carpet (PMC), Mix Seal
Surfacing (MSS)volume
For high traffic and Surface
roadsDressing (SD) with
with a design unmodified
traffic of 50 msa binders.
or more,The
(a) thin bituminous
layers such as PC, MSS and SD shall not be considered as part of the bituminous
Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) [34], (b) Gap Graded mix with rubberized bitumen (GGRB) layer for
analysis
[35] of the pavement
and (c) Bituminous
For roads Concrete
with design (BC)
traffic in thewith
rangemodified
of 20 tobinders,
50 msa,are
BC recommended
with VG40 bitumenfor surfacing
can also be used for the surface course. For h
course for durable, aging resistant and crack resistant surface courses. For the Stone
Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mix recommended for high traffic volume roads also, use of
modified binders is preferred as it is expected that mixes with modified binders will result
in longer service life and will be more resistant to aging
or the surface course. For highly stressed areas or roads in high rainfall areas and junction locations, mastic asphalt mix can be used as an a
asphalt mix can be used as an alternative surface course.
 Axle Load
Rear Single Axle
Load Class (KN)

Lower Frequency in Number

Upper Range Load Class (KN)
Range
185 195 190 70000
175 185 180 90000
165 175 170 92000
155 165 160 300000
145 155 150 280000
135 145 140 650000
125 135 130 600000
115 125 120 1340000
105 115 110 1300000
95 105 100 1500000
85 95 90 1350000
85 85 3700000

Total 11272000

108754500.00
24675000
VDF 4.4074772036
 Axle Load Spectrum
Rear Tandem Axle
Load Class (KN)
Number of equivalent Frequency in
axles Upper Load Class Number
Lower Range Range (KN)

2.375 166250.00 390 410 400 200000 10

2.25 202500.00 370 390 380 230000 9.5
2.125 195500.00 350 370 360 240000 9
2 600000.00 330 350 340 235000 8.5
1.875 525000.00 310 330 320 225000 8
1.75 1137500.00 290 310 300 475000 7.5
1.625 975000.00 270 290 280 450000 7
1.5 2010000.00 250 270 260 1435000 6.5
1.375 1787500.00 230 250 240 1250000 6
1.25 1875000.00 210 230 220 1185000 5.5
1.125 1518750.00 190 210 200 1000000 5
1.0625 3931250.00 170 190 180 800000 4.5
170 170 3200000 4.25
20 14924250.00 0 10925000 91

108.7545 msa
 Rear Tridem Axle
Load Class (KN)
Frequency in
Number of equivalent axles Lower Upper Load Class Number of equivalent axles
Number
Range Range (KN)

2000000.00 585 615 600 35000 22.5 787500.00

2185000.00 555 585 570 40000 21.375 855000.00
2160000.00 525 555 540 40000 20.25 810000.00
1997500.00 495 525 510 45000 19.125 860625.00
1800000.00 465 495 480 43000 18 774000.00
3562500.00 435 465 450 110000 16.875 1856250.00
3150000.00 405 435 420 100000 15.75 1575000.00
9327500.00 375 405 390 330000 14.625 4826250.00
7500000.00 345 375 360 300000 13.5 4050000.00
6517500.00 315 345 330 275000 12.375 3403125.00
5000000.00 285 315 300 260000 11.25 2925000.00
3600000.00 255 285 270 180000 10.125 1822500.00
13600000.00 <255 255 720000 9.5625 6885000.00
62400000.00 0 2478000 205 31430250.00
 Long-life Pavement
(for traffice equal or greater than 300msa)

1.Bituminous Pavements with Granular Base and Sub Base

Effective CBR
Trial thickness of BT
Thickness of GSB
Thickness of Granular Base
Allowable Subgrade Strain
Allowable Tensile Strain in the BT
Modulus of BT
Modulus of Subgrade
poisson Ratio
Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,(msa)
IITPAVE Analysis

Elastic Modulus of top layer

Elastic Modulus of middle
Elastic Modulus of bottom layer

Poisson Ratio of top layer

Poisson Ratio of middle layer
Poisson Ratio of bottom layer

Thickness of top Layer

Thickness of Bottom Layer

Single Wheel Load

Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain

2.Bituminous Pavements with Cement Treated Sub-Base,WMM as base Layer

Effective CBR
Trial thickness of BT
Thickness of WMM
Thickness of CTSB(min 200)
Allowable Subgrade Strain
Allowable Tensile Strain in the BT
Modulus of BT
Modulus of Subgrade
poisson Ratio
Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,(msa)

IITPAVE Analysis

Elastic Modulus of BT
Elastic Modulus of WMM
Elastic Modulus of CTSB
Elastic Modulus of Subgrade
Poisson Ratio ofBT
Poisson Ratio of WMM
Poisson Ratio of CTSB
Poisson Ratio of Subgrade

Single Wheel Load

Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain

3.Use of high Modulus binder

Effective CBR
Thickness of high modulus mix
Thickness of WMM
Thickness of CTSB(min 200)
Elastic Modulus of BT
Elastic Modulus of WMM(crushed aggrigrate)
Elastic Modulus of CTSB
Modulus of Subgrade
Allowable Subgrade Strain
Allowable Tensile Strain in the BT

IITPAVE Analysis
Elastic Modulus of BT
Elastic Modulus of WMM
Elastic Modulus of CTSB
Elastic Modulus of Subgrade
Poisson Ratio ofBT
Poisson Ratio of WMM
Poisson Ratio of CTSB
Poisson Ratio of Subgrade

Single Wheel Load

Tyer Pressure
Wheels
Point Of Analysis
Radial Distance
Depth

Computed Horizontal Tensile Strain

Computed Vertical Compressive Strain

Comparison with a Conventional design for 150 msa

Consider the same CBR

Thickness
WMM
GSB
BT
Cumulative number of standard axles to be catered for in the design,(msa)
Elastic Modulus
Subgrade
Granular Layer
BT
Reliabitity perfomance model for subgrade Rutting and Bituminous layer cracking
Computed Tensile Strain in Bituminous Layer
Vertical subgrade strain
e Pavement
or greater than 300msa)

ith Granular Base and Sub Base

7%
310 mm
200 mm
250 mm
200 με
80 με
3000 Mpa
62 MPa
0.35
300 msa
VE Analysis

3000 Mpa
200 Mpa
62 Mpa

0.35
0.35
0.35

310 mm
450 mm

20000 N
0.56 MPa
2
4
0 155
310 760

0.00007957 Safe
0.000152 Safe

nt Treated Sub-Base,WMM as base Layer

7%
250 mm
 150 mm
300 mm
200 με
80 με
3000 Mpa
62 MPa
0.35
300 msa

VE Analysis

3000 Mpa
350 Mpa
600 Mpa
62
0.35
0.35
0.25
0.35

20000 N
0.56 MPa
2
4
0 155
250 700

0.0000791 Safe
0.0001571 Safe

h Modulus binder
7%
190 mm
150 mm
300 mm
5500 Mpa
350 MPa (300 for natural)

600 MPa
62 MPa
200 με
80 με

VE Analysis
 5500 Mpa
350 Mpa
600 Mpa
62
0.35
0.35
0.25
0.35

20000 N
0.56 MPa
2
4
0 155
190 640

0.00007777 Safe
0.0001721 Safe

ventional design for 150 msa

7%

250 mm
250 mm
200 mm
150 msa

62 MPa
204 MPa
3000 MPa Vbe(in %) Va(%) M MRm
90 % 11.5 3 0.499021 3000
0.0001364 < 0.000146 Safe
0.0002237 < 0.000292 Safe
 Table 3.1 Standard conditions for pav

Analysis Cond
Material response model
Layer interface condition
No. of Wheels
Wheel loads
Contact stress for critical parameter analysis

Critical mechanistic

Bituminous layer
Cement treated base
Subgrade

Note: (a) Only the absolute values of strains/stresses (without the + or

pavements with strong bases and/or thin bituminous layers there may
layer and fatigue check may not be

Table 9.2 Indicative values

Mix type

BC and DBM for VG10 bitumen

BC and DBM for VG30 bitumen
BC and DBM for VG40 bitumen
BC with Modified Bitumen (IRC: SP: 53)
BM with VG10 bitumen
BM with VG30 bitumen
RAP treated with 4 per cent bitumen emulsion/ foamed
bitumen with 2-2.5 per cent residual bitumen and 1.0 per
cent cementitious material.
conditions for pavement analysis using IITPAVE

Analysis Conditions
Linear elastic model
Fully bonded (all layers)
Dual wheel
20 kN on each single wheel (two wheels)
0.56 MPa for tensile strain in bituminous layer and vertical
compressive strain on subgrade; 0.80 MPa for Cement treated base

Critical mechanistic parameters

Tensile strain at the bottom

Tensile stress and tensile strain at the bottom
Compressive strain at the top

resses (without the + or – sign) should be used in the performance equations (b) For
minous layers there may be only compressive strains at the bottom of the bituminous
fatigue check may not be required for such cases

2 Indicative values of resilient modulus (MPa) of bituminous mixes

Average Annual Pavement Temperature °C

20 25 30 35
2300 2000 1450 1000
3500 3000 2500 2000
6000 5000 4000 3000
5700 3800 2400 1600
500 MPa at 35°C
700 MPa at 35°C
800 MPa at 35°C
 40
800
1250
2000
1300