Electric motors are industry's basic need.

Industries consume about 50%

of the power generated in the country and electrical motors consume around
72% of the total electricity used in the industrial sector. Three phase induction
motors arc the prime source Or energy consumption in industry. India is facing a
problem of heavy energy crunch and gap between demand and supply is
increasing day by day. Now this is the time to pay utmost attention to more
efficient designs. It is always better to use more efficient equipment, motors
etc, with the available supply facilities rather than increasing supply facilities to
feed the inefficient or less efficient loads. The energy efficient motors (EEM)
were introduced by the middle of 1970s. Large motor manufacturers started
offering EEMs in addition to their standard efficiency motors(STMs).
Efficiency of a standard motor is less as compared to FE:IVI for any rating. EEMs
are more efficient due to their designs, material used, perfect sizing etc.
OVERSIZING OF STANDARD MOTORS

An overrated motor fur smaller load is less efficient. While employing an

electric motor for particular application, safety margins are provided at every step
by a designer, an engineer, a manufacturer and user which adversely affects
efficiency and power factor (p. 14 For the same load the oversized motor will take
more current as compared to proper sized motor. Oversized motor is not loaded
fully. Most of the standard motors in industry run at a load which is less than full
load. Exact rating of EEM may be selected due to very high reliability and also
service factor which EEM is offering is 1.15. Service factor specifies the
capacity of motor to withstand prolonged overload conditions.
3.0 REWINDING OF A STANDARD MOTOR

When the motor winding burns due to overheating, old winding is stripped
out and replaced with a new one. This rewinding is very common which often
leads to poor performance and deterioration of efficiency in case of a standard motor.
For this there are number of reasons which arc as follows:
 Even slight damage of core or insulation between the stampings
may result into increased losses.
 Overheating prior to rewinding might change the
characteristics of stator core which may result in increase in iron losses.
 During rewinding if smaller diameter wire is used, that results into
increase in copper losses.
In addition if proper procedures are not followed, degradation takes
place which is often overlooked so as to minimize the cost. But that results into
high running charges. User should carry out the economics of EEM vs
rewinding as most of the times energy saving from installing a new EEM
instead rewinding the existing STM may be large.
In addition if better insulation is not provided,
 Performance of EEM is better than STM under full, partial and no load conditions. Due to higher
efficiency, EEMs not only save energy in their own and contribute to reduced demand but also energy
in the cables and transformer
that supply the motor.
 EEM run cooler. As thermal stresses are low, cooling requirements are low. EEM's bearings run about
100 c cooler than STM bearing. This doubles the insulation life. EEM's windings run 20°c cooler
which increases insulation life
by four times.
  As EEMs have lower losses, their slip is smaller than the standard
motor. This small slip causes them to have lower starting torque than the
standard motor. Therefore EEM are not suitable for those applications
where higher starting torque is required.
 When slip is small, speed of the motor is high. This higher speed causes
more power drawn by the motor as power increases with cube of the
speed in some loads. Due to this, saving obtained due to use of EEM
may be lost. Some methods to reduce this property may be employed
for EEM.
 Generally EEM operates at higher p.f. than the standard motor. This
results into low losses. Also amount to be spent in the pf correction is
saved. Rarely EEM may have lower p.f than STM.
 Starting current is more in case of an EEM than STM. Because of this,
sometimes short circuit protection may trip.

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