Day 11

Anatomy
● Posterior cranial fossa and jugular foremen
● Base of the skull describe
● What structure attaches to anterior clinoid process( tentorium cerebri)
● Tibial plateu describe
● Muscle attachment of tibia
● Humerous
● Femoral head blood supply

Soft tissue
● Celiac axis
● Stomach blood supply
● Thyroid blood supply
● Recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery
● Vascular structures adjacent to thyroid
● Also epiploic foramen
● Borders of above n Pringle’s maneuvre
● Surface mark heart and pericardium
● Back muscles
● Renal triangle
● Lumbar fascial attachment
● Inguinal canal
● Femoral triangle identify structures
● Diaphragm attachment
● Intercostal space structures neurovascular bundle
● IC tube insertion
physiology
● Stroke volume n factors affecting it
● Diastolic n systolic dysfunction
● What is law of Laplace
● What is da effect in a diseased heart
● Name a polarizing muscle relaxant
● What is a competitive inhibitor
● Example of a competitive inhibitor
Case scenario
● A patient fallen from a ht pelvic fracture and hypotension
● Classes of shock n different in clinical effects in each
● What happens in a pelvic fracture n how bp drops
● Compensatory mechanisms
● A case of Diabetic ketoacidosis and how it happens
● Acid base balance in DKA
● A case of Polycythemia report with high Hb and High pcv
● What are the types of polycythemia

pathology

1
Supun, Suren, Janitha

1
● Venous thrombosis mechanism n causes
● Immunohistochemisty
● Specimen transport - appendicectomy specimen transport
● Specially when sampling body fluids for cytology
● Frozen section, uses , method of doing it.
● Benign n malignant characteristics
● What is infarction n morphological types of infarction
● Almost everything related to infarction
● Laparotomy wound healing mechanisms n wound strenght
● Venous ulcer healing
● What leads to an incisional hernia
● Factors affecting it
● Venous thrombosis.
● Osteomyelotis pathophysiology
● Define Aneurysm and types
● Causes of aneurysms
● Renal cell carcinoma types
● Complications of RCC- IVC extension

2
Day 2
Physiology 1

Theme1 CVS
● What are the normal heart sounds
● 3rd heart sound physiology
● What are the splits
● Explain physiological split
● In ASD how the split occur and the difference between physiological and and split

Theme 2 respiratory
● What are the chemicals / factors responsible for the regulation of respiration
● Explain about peripheral and central chemoreceptors
● Which factor mostly determines the regulation (co2)

Theme 3pain
● Name endogenous opioids
● Name opioid drugs
● 2Action of opioids
● Explain Gate control theory
● What are the clinical uses of gate control theory

Theme 4 renal
● What is GFR
● Regulation of gfr
● What happens to gfr when the blood volume is reduced

Station 2 physiology

Case scenarios
A 30 yr old woman underwent total thyoidectomy developed carpopaedal spasms
● Explain the physiology
● What is the treatment
● What are the calcium regulatory hormones and actions
● What are the functions of calcium

2. 14 year old boy presented with pustular tonsilitis. His temperature is 100 F
● Explain the pathophysiology of fever
● Explain hiw antipiretics reduce the fever

3. 40 year old lady already diagnosed with gallstones presented with yelowish discoloration of
eyes and tea colored urine. Explain the symptoms and how they occurred

Pathology Station 1

2
Thushara,Thilina , Pavithrika.

3
 ● What is carcinoma insitu
● Examples of carcinoma insitu
● A report of breast cancer excision biopsy given
● What are the good prognostic indicators - (margins were clear no nodal involvement
ER positive)
● What are the bad prognostic indicators
● What can you tell about TNM staging of this patient
● A picture of specimen in a specimen bottle given( squeezed to a rubber bung capped
bottle was there and another sample with less amount of formal saline and not labled
sample)
● What are the mistakes
● How are you going to send a specimen after the surgery ( filling forms marking the
specimen and sending )
● How do you mark the wide local excision of breast
● How do you send a muscle biopsy- fixative- bovine
● Special method to prevent contracting the muscle
● ( pin both end of the muscle to a cardboard piece and put it in the fixative )
● Explain the adenoma carcinoma sequence
● Examples for that apart from colonic ca- endometrial CA

Pathology station 2

Foreign examiner (a surgeon)

● What is a fistula ?
● What are the conditions predispose to fistulae
● In entero vescical fistulae what you get as symptoms and complications ?
● Wound dehiscence- in a patient who underwent laparotomy had a burst abdomen post
operatively. What are the causes for it?
● In general causes - what will you look in FBC for a good wound healing- expected Hb
● Skin cancers
● What are the skin cancers you know of
● What are the aetiological factors
● Complications of skin cancers
● Where do the metastatize?

Anatomy station 1

● Lumbar vertebra was given

● Describe the vertebra
● Special features
● Muscle attachment and lumbar facial attachment (3layers)
● Articulated hand was given
● Name carpal bones
● What are the palpable prominence in carpal bones ( flexor retinaculum attachment)

Soft tissue-
● flexor aspect of forearm
● Identify the muscles and nerves

4
 ● Extensor aspect
● Identify muscle tendons
● Identify the Anatomical snuffbox boundaries and content
● What forms the floor of the snuffbox (all bones)
● Radial artery pathway from snuffbox
● Perineal dissection - sagittal section
● Identify structures from anterior to posterior
● Rectum was shown and asked to identify it and justify why I say that it is rectum
● (Position- opposite to s3,4,5 , no mesentery no appendiceal epiploicea)

Anatomy station 2

● L/ulnar given - describe the bone and muscle attachment of proximal part
● Proximal radioulnar joint
● Elbow joint effusion is obvious in which aspect of the joint( dorsal aspect)
● In fracture of ulnar, the deviation (olecranon)
● Thoracic vertebrae given
● Describe
● How the rib is attached
● Superior articular facet
● Ligaments attached to vertebra

Soft tissue-
● dissected back - scapular region muscles nerve supply and actions
● Brachial plexus region was give and asked to identify the structures
● Knee joint ligaments and intra articular structures were given to identify