VEB1072 Traffic Engineering: Road Safety

VEB1072 Traffic Engineering
Lecture 8 :
Road Safety
1
2/28/2019 10:06:56 AM
Road Safety
Propose an effective mitigation
measures to address complex traffic
issues and challenges. (CLO3)
Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design systems,
components or processes that meet
specified needs with appropriate
consideration for public health and safety,
cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.(PLO3)
1
Lecture 8 : Road Safety
(Unit Outcomes)
• Able to identify issues and factors involved in

transportation safety (K)
• Able to propose highway safety improvement
program (S)
• Able to evaluate the effectiveness of safety design
features (E)
3
Lecture 8 :
Road Safety
Outcomes:
• Able to identify issues and factors involved in transportation
safety
• Able to propose highway safety improvement program
• Able to evaluate the effectiveness of safety design features
Topics:
• Issues involved in transportation safety
• The highway safety improvement program
• Effectiveness of safety design features
4
2
Issues In Transportation Safety
• Crashes or Accidents
• What Causes Transportation
Crashes
5
Transport and Safety
• Transport provides accessibility and

mobility
• Transport in needed to obtain access to
desired locations
• Transport provides freedom for people to
undertake their daily activities
• Transport can also have considerable
negative social and environmental
impacts
6
3
The Safety Problem
• There are over 5000 deaths and 8000

serious injuries in Malaysia each year
• These occur on Expressways (0.28
deaths per kilometer), Federal
Highways (0.13 deaths per kilometer)
and State and Municipal roads (0.04
deaths per kilometer)
7
Economic Cost of Crashes
• Cost to society: $230.6 billion/ year

– medical, rehabilitation and long term care
cost ( $ 32.6 billion)
– Work place lost productivity $59 billion
– lost tax revenue (adding $200 from each
household)
– property damage $59.8 billion
– Travel Delay $25.6 billion
8
4
Road Safety Issues
Malaysia 2006 - 2010
9
Road Safety Issues

10
5
Road Safety Issues
11
Road Safety Issues

12
6
Road Safety Issues
13
Road Safety Issues

14
7
Road Safety Issues
Costs of Accident (2004)
15
Road Safety Issues

USA
• Measures seriousness of accidents

• Iowa DOT (2001 values)
– Fatality: $1,000,000
– Major Injury: $150,000
– Minor Injury: $10,000
– Possible Injury: $2,500
– Property damage: actual value or $2,000 if
unknown
16
8
Road Safety Issues
USA
17
Road Safety Issues

USA
18
9
Road Safety Issues
USA
19
Factors Involved in
Transportation Crashes
• Driver
• Vehicle
• Roadway
• Environment
20
10
Factors Involved in
Transportation Crashes
• Factors contributing to road crashes
21
Factors Involved in Crashes

Driver – Age Distribution
Source – FHWA Crash Facts Book

22
11
Driver – Age Distribution
23

Vehicles
• Fatalities by mode in
Malaysia
– Motorcycle 58% Fatalities Road Users
– Pedestrian 12% O thers

25% Motorcyclists
Pedestrians
– Bicyclists 5% Bicyclists
Motorcyclists
Bicyclists
O thers
5%
58%
– Others (car, bus,

Pedestrians
12%
truck…) 25%
24
12
Vehicles
25

Vehicles
26
13
Roadway - Location
27

Roadway - Location
28
14
Roadway – Facility Type
29

Roadway – Junction Control
30
15
Roadway – Junction Control
31

Environment
• 27,800 casualties/year (2002-weekdays only)

• 107 casualties/day
• 08:00 – 09:00 (719 car + 363 peds.)
• 15:00 – 16:00 (718 peds.)
32
16
Environment
4
Car users
Pedestrians
0
Midnight 03:00 06:00 09:00 Midday 15:00 18:00 21:00
33

Environment
• 24% weather related (rain, snow, sleet, fog)
• 75% - wet pavement
• 47% - during rainfall
• 15% - snow/sleet
• 13% - icy pavement
• 11% - snowy or slushy pavement
• 2% - fog
34
17
Crash Rate Calculation
A  106
RMEV 
V
Where:
RMEV = crash rate per million entering vehicles
A = number of crashes, total or by type occurring in a
single year at the location
V = average daily traffic (ADT) X 365
35
Crash Rate Example

• 350 crashes over 5 year
• 10,000 vehicles enter the intersection daily
A  106
RMEV 
V
( 350 / 5)  106

(10,000  365)
 19.2 crashes / millionentering vehicles
36
18
Safety Improvement Program
• Solutions or improvements lie in:

– Improved driver behavior, transport
provision and vehicles
– It is common to introduce
improvements under the 3 E’s
(Engineering, Education and
Enforcement)
37
Safety Improvement Program

3 E’s of Traffic Safety
Engineering Education
Enforcement
38
19
Engineering
• Geometry • Intersection Control

– Lane width – Clearance interval
– Horizontal-- vertical curves – Proper stop control
– Sight distance • Approaches to highway safety
– Pavement condition – Reduce occurrence
• Signing – Reduce severity
– Design aspects
Engineers can make sure that designs are

consistent, provide positive guidance, and
minimize cognitive load.
39
Engineering
• Design beyond minimum design

standards
• Update existing facilities to current
standards
• Maintain uniformity to minimize
violations of driver’s expectation
• Monitor system to identify hazardous
locations
• Anticipate hazardous conditions
40
20
Road Safety Audit
• Road safety audits aims at crash

prevention
• Should be carried out at
– Feasibility stage (Stage 1)
– Draft design stage (Stage 2)
– Detailed design stage (Stage 3)
– Pre-opening stage (Stage 4)
– In-service stage (Stage 5)
41
Severity Before and After

Signalization
42
21
Road Safety Plan of Malaysia
2006 - 2010
Road Safety Plan Goals
43

2006 - 2010
2005 : 25
2010 : 10
2005 : 18
2010 : 10
44
22
2006 - 2010
Strategies Are……
45

2006 - 2010
Strategies Are……
46
23
2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 1 : Enhance and sustain educational and psychological
measures in road safety
• Public education and awareness programs via media

• Road safety education programs in schools
• Training, testing, and education programs for new drivers
• Professional driver training, testing and education programs
for vocational drivers
• Driving institutions accreditation program
• Education programs for employers and workers
47

2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 2 : Utilize state-of-the-art technologies to reduce human
error for more effective enforcement
• Training programs for enforcement personnel

• Comprehensive resource planning programs
• Inter-agency accident data standardization programs
• Inter-agency development and integration programs
• Incentive/punishment programs for drivers
48
24
2006 - 2010
Strategy No.3 : Enhance and complement engineering initiatives
• Standards and regulations evaluation program

• Road safety audit program
• Motorcycle lane development program
• Road safety devices/product performance development program
• Vehicle safety performance evaluation program
49

2006 - 2010
Strategy No.4 : Enhance and to achieve a more comprehensive and
effective implementation of road safety initiatives
and programs through community participation
involving employers, community leaders, politicians,
religious leaders, educationists, professional bodies,
voluntary organizations and youth groups
• Local communities programs

• Programs for professional groups
• Programs for employers and workers
50
25
2006 - 2010
Strategy No.5 : Encourage modal shifts and use of public transport
to reduce exposure especially for high-risk groups,
like motorcyclists
• Media campaigns to increase awareness of consumers,

pamphlets/promotional efforts via television, radio, newspaper
etc.
• Tax incentives for public transport operators
• Transport policy initiatives : penalties for non-compliance e.g.
area pricing
• Legislative measures to support use of public transport e.g.
increasing driving age for motorcyclists, car pooling, loading
restrictions, speed restrictions, traffic calming, etc.
51

2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 6 : Focus on critical gaps in road safety (other than
those already mentioned) with the aim of achieving
the optimum cost benefit in resource deployment
• Inter-agency road safety programs management and coordination

• Inter-agency integration program for crash investigation data
• Emergency programs to assist road accident victims
• Road safety research programs
• Accident data costing
• Programs promoting improvement of vehicle safety standards and
use of safety devices
• Crash investigation programs
52
26
2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 7 : Focus on high risk road users most frequently
involved in accidents i.e. motorcyclists/pillion riders,
car drivers and passengers, and pedestrians
• Conspicuity programs
• Behavior modification programs
• Injury control programs
• Road engineering programs
• Vehicle safety programs
• Exposure control programs
53

2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 8 : Review and enhance road safety legislation
• Review all subsidiary legislation under the Road Transport Act

1987 pertaining to safety e.g. “The Highway Code”.
Construction and Use Rules 1959, Safety Helmet Rules, Seatbelt
legislation, etc. Including fines/punishment for various violations
• Introduce relevant new legislation on road safety giving the Road
Safety Department (JKJR) specific power to spell out its authority
and responsibility based on its role, objectives and functions as
discussed and endorsed during the Cabinet Committee on Road
Safety ref. JKRJ 1/2005 dated 19th April 2005 and Cabinet
Meeting dated 21st September 2005
• Periodic review of Act and subsidiary legislation in line with
policy and programs
54
27
2006 - 2010
Strategy No. 9 : Promote fund sharing between the public and the
private sectors for road safety programs
• Additional government annual grants should be allocated

accordingly to support the intensified road safety initiative since
the setting up of the Road Safety Department in November 2004
• Contribution from the sale of all new vehicles and channeled
towards the Road Safety Trust Fund
• Contribution from all insurance companies
• Petroleum companies to contribute a percentage of their revenues
to promote road safety
• Priority funding for incorporation of safety as an integral part of
road design as well as accident blackspot treatment remedial
programs
55
Effectiveness of Safety Measure
56
28
57
58
29
59
60
30
2006 – 2010
61
Questions?
62
31

VEB1072 Traffic Engineering: Road Safety

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

VEB1072 Traffic Engineering: Road Safety

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

VEB1072 Traffic Engineering

Design solutions for complex engineering

• Able to identify issues and factors involved in

Transport and Safety

• Transport provides accessibility and

• There are over 5000 deaths and 8000

Economic Cost of Crashes

• Cost to society: $230.6 billion/ year

Road Safety Issues

Road Safety Issues

Road Safety Issues

Costs of Accident (2004)

Road Safety Issues

• Measures seriousness of accidents

Road Safety Issues

• Factors contributing to road crashes

Factors Involved in Crashes

Source – FHWA Crash Facts Book

Factors Involved in Crashes

– Pedestrian 12% O thers

– Others (car, bus,

Factors Involved in Crashes

Factors Involved in Crashes

Factors Involved in Crashes

Factors Involved in Crashes

• 27,800 casualties/year (2002-weekdays only)

Factors Involved in Crashes

Crash Rate Example

• Solutions or improvements lie in:

Safety Improvement Program

• Geometry • Intersection Control

Engineers can make sure that designs are

• Design beyond minimum design

• Road safety audits aims at crash

Severity Before and After

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

• Public education and awareness programs via media

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

• Training programs for enforcement personnel

• Standards and regulations evaluation program

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

• Local communities programs

• Media campaigns to increase awareness of consumers,

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

• Inter-agency road safety programs management and coordination

Road Safety Plan of Malaysia

• Review all subsidiary legislation under the Road Transport Act

• Additional government annual grants should be allocated

Effectiveness of Safety Measure

Effectiveness of Safety Measure

Effectiveness of Safety Measure

Anda mungkin juga menyukai