1 Name: Gunjan Sharma

Registration Number: 16BIS0036

Assignment Number 2

Title
Study how the throughput of LTE network varies with different applications as the channel
bandwidth, the wireless communication channel and carrier aggregation configuration is
changed.

Theory
LTE or Long Term Evolution, commonly known as 4G LTE, is a standard for wireless
communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the
GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed
using a different radio interface. LTE supports flexible carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz up
to 20 MHz as well as both FDD and TDD. LTE designed with a scalable carrier bandwidth
from 1.4 MHz up to 20 MHz which bandwidth is used depends on the frequency band and the
amount of spectrum available with a network operator. LTE Advanced offers considerably
higher data rates than even the initial releases of LTE. Carrier aggregation or channel
aggregation enables multiple LTE carriers to be used together to provide the high data rates
required for 4G LTE Advanced. To achieve these very high data rates it is necessary to
increase the transmission bandwidths over those that can be supported by a single carrier or
channel. The method being proposed is termed Carrier Aggregation (CA), or sometimes
channel aggregation. Using LTE Advanced carrier aggregation, it is possible to utilise more
than one carrier and in this way increase the overall transmission bandwidth. These channels
or carriers may be in contiguous elements of the spectrum, or they may be in different bands.
Spectrum availability is a key issue for 4G LTE. In many areas only small bands are
available, often as small as 10 MHz. As a result carrier aggregation over more than one band
is contained within the specification.

Intra-band: This form of carrier aggregation uses a single band. There are two main
formats for this type of carrier aggregation:
1. Contiguous: The Intra-band contiguous carrier aggregation is the easiest form
of LTE carrier aggregation to implement. Here the carriers are adjacent to each
other.
2. Non –Contiguous: Non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation is somewhat
more complicated than the instance where adjacent carriers are used.
2 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

Inter-band non-contiguous: This form of carrier aggregation uses different bands. It will be
of particular use because of the fragmentation of bands - some of which are only 10 MHz
wide. For the UE it requires the use of multiple transceivers within the single item, with the
usual impact on cost, performance and power. In addition to this there are also additional
complexities resulting from the requirements to reduce intermodulation and cross modulation
from the two transceivers
The current standards allow for up to five 20 MHz carriers to be aggregated, although in
practice two or three is likely to be the practical limit. These aggregated carriers can be
transmitted in parallel to or from the same terminal, thereby enabling a much higher
throughput to be obtained.

Procedure / Method
1. In NetSim, Select – Simulation – New – LTE/LTE-A networks.
2. Sample inputs:
In this experiment, 1 Wired Node ,1 Router, 1 MME , 1 ENB and 3 UE are clicked
and dropped onto the Simulation environment from tool bar as shown.
3. Sample 1:
a) Wired Node Properties: (Transport Layer Properties)
Node Properties Wired Node A
TCP Disable
b) Router Properties: Default properties.
c) MME Properties: Default properties.
d) ENB Properties:
ENB Properties ENB D
Interface_LTE(Physical Layer)
Carrier-aggregation Inter-Band-Noncontingious_CA
1st CA
Channel Bandwidth(MHz) 10
2nd CA
Channel Bandwidth(MHz) 10

e) Application Icon:
3 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

Application Application 1 Application 2 Application 3

Properties
Application Type Email HTTP Video
Source ID 1 1 1
Destination ID 5 6 7
Packet Size
Distribution Constant Constant Constant
Value(Bytes) 1460 1460 1460
Inter Arrival Time
Distribution Constant Constant Constant
Value(µs) 146 146 146

f) UE Properties:

UE Properties UE E UE F UE G
Global Properties
Velocity(m/s) 0 0 0

g) Wired Link Properties:

Link Properties Wired Link 2 Wired Link 3 Wired Link 4

Uplink Speed(Mbps) 1000 1000 1000
Downlink Speed(Mbps) 1000 1000 1000
Uplink BER 0 0 0
Downlink BER 0 0 0

h) Wireless Link Properties

Link Properties Wireless Link 1

Channel Characterstics No Path Loss

BASIC EXPERIMENT:

a) Sample 1
10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 23.180245
2 23.179661
3 23.179661
Total 69.539567
4 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

b) Sample 2
10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 17.375168
2 17.363722
3 17.384979
Total 52.123869

c) Sample 3
5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 11.569274
2 11.569274
3 11.569040
Total 34.707588

RESULT:
Sample No Channel BW Throughput
1 20 69.539567
2 15 52.123869
3 10 34.707588

UNIQUENESS 1: Change in Application Properties

a) Sample 1
10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 5(email) 0.316800
1 6(HTTP) 0.164340
1 7(Video) 0.052782
Total 0.533922
5 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

b) Sample 2
10(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 5(email) 0.316800
1 6(HTTP) 0.164340
1 7(Video) 0.052782
Total 0.533922
6 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

c) Sample 3
5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz) 5(Channel Bandwidth in MHz)
Application Throughput
1 5(email) 0.316800
1 6(HTTP) 0.164340
1 7(Video) 0.052782
Total 0.533922

RESULT:
Sample No Channel BW Throughput
1 5(email) 20 0.9504
1 6(HTTP) 15 0.49302
1 7(Video) 10 0.158346

UNIQUENESS 2: Change in Wireless Channel

7 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

a) Pathloss & Fading & Shadowing

Application Throughput
1 11.569040
2 11.569624
3 11.569904

Pathloss & Fading & Shadowing

11.57
11.5698
11.5696
Throughput

11.5694
11.5692
Throughput
11.569
11.5688
11.5686
1 2 3
Application No

b) Pathloss & Shadowing

Application Throughput
1 11.569040
2 11.569624
3 11.569040

Pathloss & Shadowing

11.5697
11.5696
11.5695
11.5694
Throughput

11.5693
11.5692
11.5691
11.569
11.5689
11.5688
11.5687
1 2 3
Application No

c) Path Loss Only

Application Throughput
1 11.569040
2 11.569624
3 11.569040
8 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

Pathloss Only
11.5697
11.5696
11.5695
11.5694
Throughput

11.5693
11.5692
11.5691
11.569
11.5689
11.5688
11.5687
1 2 3
Application No

UNIQUENESS 3: Varying the CA Configuration

a) Sample 1 (Custom)
i. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 20)
Application Throughput
1 24.851609
2 24.849901
3 24.850251

Intraband Non-contiguous CA
24.852
24.8515
Throughput

24.851
24.8505
24.85
24.8495
24.849
1 2 3
Application No

ii. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 10+10)

Application Throughput
1 23.179310
2 23.180478
3 23.180128
9 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

Intraband Non-contiguous CA
23.181

23.1805

Throughput
23.18

23.1795

23.179

23.1785
1 2 3
Application No

b) Sample 2 (Email)
i. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 20)
Application Throughput
1
2
3

ii. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 10+10)

Application Throughput
1 0.316800
2 0.316800
3 0.316800

Intraband Non-contiguous CA
0.35
0.3
0.25
Throughput

0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
1 2 3
Application No

c) Sample 3 (HTTP)
i. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 20)
Application Throughput
1 0.164340
2 0.164340
10 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

3 0.164340

Intraband Non-contiguous CA
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
Throughput

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1 2 3
Application No

ii. Intraband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 10+10)

Application Throughput
1 0.164340
2 0.164340
3 0.164340

Intraband Non-contiguous CA
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
Throughput

0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1 2 3
Application No

UNIQUENESS 4: Change in the properties of CA configuration

Default: Interband Non-contiguous CA (Channel Bandwidth = 20 &10)

Default: Pathloss & Shadowing-log-distance

11 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

a) Sample 1
Application Throughput Delay
1 5(HTTP) 0.164340 1749.910400
1 6(Video) 0.052782 1007.007007
1 7(Database) 0.079200 1308.802300

b) Sample 2 (CONST231HATA_URBAN , Channel Bandwidth = 20+5)

Application Throughput Delay
1 5(HTTP) 0.164340 1749.910400
1 6(Video) 0.052782 1007.007007
1 7(Database) 0.079200 1285.714286

c) Sample 3 (HATA-URBAN, Channel Bandwidth= 15+10)

Application Throughput Delay
1 5(HTTP) 0.164340 2205.984000
1 6(Video) 0.052782 1007.007007
12 Name: Gunjan Sharma
Registration Number: 16BIS0036

1 7(Database) 0.079200 1545.454545

Relevant Scenario Diagram

Results

Uniqueness of the assignment

Inference