2
second edition
LibraryConnect
Partnering with the Library Community
CONTENTS
Page 2 Introductory Comments
Editors
Getting the Most from Training
James R. Mouw serves as the assistant director for technical and electronic services at the University of Chicago Library, as well as a member
of the Project COUNTER International Advisory Board, the CrossRef Library Advisory Board, and the NISO/Editeur Joint Working Party on Onyx for
Serials. A regular contributor to library journals, Mr. Mouw focuses his contributions on issues related to the acquisition of serial titles, linking of
electronic resources, and library standards. A recipient of an MLS from Western Michigan University, he became editor-in-chief of Library
2 Collections, Acquisitions, & Technical Services in 2004.
Seeking to Publish? Prepare for Success!
By Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Editor, Research Strategies, and In their book Research and Writing in the Disciplines (Fort Worth: Harcourt
Coordinator for Information Literacy Services and Instruction Brace Jovanovich, 1992), Donald Zimmerman and Dawn Rodrigues have a
and Associate Professor of Library Administration, University of helpful chapter titled “A Look at Research Reports in Different Disciplines.”
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; and Jennifer Dorner, Editor, Research The chapter outlines the elements and organization of research reports in the
Strategies, and Social Sciences and Humanities Librarian and humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering. Though all
Assistant Professor, Portland State University contain similar components, the order and relationships of the components
vary. The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing and the
Preparing a manuscript for publication is a multi-faceted and, sometimes, Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association also provide
anxiety-ridden task. Tips presented here should help you keep track of issues useful advice on manuscript organization.
you need to think about and complete your work successfully.
Because of the interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary approaches
At each stage of your writing, there are elements to have in place as you used in many areas of library and information science, the particular
plan to submit your manuscript to a journal. For simplicity’s sake, we have organizational structure and components you use will depend on your
grouped the elements into three categories: developing your project, research methods and your intended audience. You can get some sense of
manuscript organization and components, and technical preparation. what is commonly used by browsing past issues of the journal to which you
plan to submit your manuscript and by examining the structure of articles
Developing Your Project
identified in your literature review.
Thinking about your final manuscript begins when you start thinking about
your project – whether it is a pure research project or a new library service Technical Preparation
you are developing. Setting the stage is an important element in writing a Technical preparation of the manuscript is perhaps the easiest and the
successful manuscript. most tedious stage of the process. Obvious advice here includes careful
proofreading for typographical errors and adherence to standard grammar and
style. The most important document to reference in this stage of manuscript
“Thinking about your final manuscript begins preparation is the guide to authors for the particular journal to which you are
submitting your manuscript. Author guidelines often include directions about
when you start thinking about your project...” the submission process; title page; tables, figures, and illustrations; and
references/bibliography. Follow this guide very carefully. It is best understood
Almost any project in a library will reasonably begin with a literature
as a set of rules rather than guidelines!
search to learn what others have done on the topic. From this review flows
your thinking about your own project, its publishable elements, and the context In addition to preparing the manuscript itself, you will need to write a
for your findings. Where does your article fit in with the literature of the field? cover letter to the editor to accompany your submission. In the letter you
Rarely is a research project or program idea so unique that it is without should indicate that the enclosure is a submission, provide a succinct summary
supporting literature in the discipline. If you describe your project without of the work and its relationship to literature on the topic, and provide your mail,
placing it in the context of other work that has been done, your audience might email, phone, and fax contact information. If you will soon be out of contact for
take this as ignorance of the field or, worse, hubris. Searching the literature in a lengthy period of time, indicate that as well – as a heads-up in case the
related fields, such as education or computer science, may also be helpful if editor needs to contact you.
your project is interdisciplinary or cross-disciplinary in scope. Putting your
Having prepared your manuscript – submit it! Your attention to detail in the
research or program in the context of other work already done will assure your
preparation stage of publication will serve you well as your manuscript makes
audience of your understanding of the issues and your expertise on the topic.
its way through the reviewing, revising, and publication processes. ■
In addition to the general literature review, it is important to think carefully
about your topic and its relevance. Will what you say be of use to the audience
of the journal? Are you sharing your experience or your research in a way that
is meaningful to others? For example, how could research conducted in the
Thinking early on about the audience for which you are writing will shape
the development of your thinking and the project.
3
Questions to Ask When Selecting a Journal
By Susan E. Searing, Library & Information Science Librarian and 3. Who is this journal’s audience?
Associate Professor of Library Administration, University of Illinois
Some journals are aimed at specialists; others reach a broader audience.
at Urbana-Champaign
Some are regional, others national, still others international. Is your article of
interest primarily to readers with pre-existing expertise – in cataloging, say,
You have a finished draft of your article. Now you’re puzzling over which
or archives – or do you seek wide exposure for your ideas and research
journal to submit it to. Fortunately, the research you did for your literature
findings? Journals published by professional organizations often reach more
review can provide guidance as to which journals publish articles related to
readers than commercial journals.
your topic. You can also identify likely journals through Ulrich’s International
Periodicals Directory, then browse recent issues (or their online tables 4. How long will it take to see your article in print?
of contents) to pinpoint journals covering topics similar to yours.
There are two critical time periods: the time it takes from submission to
Then ask five questions about each journal you’re considering. acceptance or rejection, and the time it takes from acceptance to publication.
Journals vary widely in both regards, but solid information about turn-around
1. Is this journal peer-reviewed?
time is hard to come by. A few LIS journals have begun to print this
If you’re an academic librarian who must produce high-quality information along with each article, while other journals note typical time
scholarship for promotion and tenure, publishing in peer-reviewed journals frames in their author guidelines. And remember, the time to publication
is critical. Look at a journal’s front matter or author submission guidelines to will be much longer if your first choice rejects you, and you start the
determine if it’s peer-reviewed, or consult a standard guide like Ulrich’s. submission cycle over.
Many online indexes now indicate whether journals are peer-reviewed, too.
5. What role has this journal played in improving
2. Is this a prestigious journal? scholarly communication?
Everyone wants to publish in a journal with a good reputation, but Librarians bemoan rising journal prices and the proliferation of new,
opinion varies. Research shows, for example, that practicing librarians and narrowly specialized titles. As you consider which journal to submit your work
LIS faculty rank journals differently. Ask your colleagues and mentors which to, ask yourself: Has this publisher dealt fairly with librarians? Is it committed
journals they value most. Information on rejection rates, when available, to working on issues that matter to libraries, like long-term access to electronic
may be a clue. (The theory runs that the more prestigious a journal is, the content? What options will you have to retain intellectual property rights?
choosier it can be.) Another clue is a journal’s impact factor, as measured
Want to know more? See “Publishing in LIS: Some Useful Resources” at
by ISI’s Journal Citation Reports. Remember that some tenure committees
www.library.uiuc.edu/lsx/publishing.html ■
still look down their noses at upstart electronic-only journals.
them early in the writing process. This allows them to make comments and typographical mistakes and other errors. Your proofreader could be one of
ensure your article and style are appropriate for their publications. your peers or a mentor with significant writing experience. You might also
want to take this process a step further and collaborate with one or more
people in creating an article. It splits up the workload and allows for different
“One article somehow magically leads to the next.” perspectives on your topic.
I have consistently seen the publishing “domino effect” take place with Ultimately, the key is to just start. I have witnessed several colleagues
myself and a number of my colleagues. One article somehow magically leads to with great ideas that never reached fruition because they were afraid to take
the next. Perhaps your library or institution has a regular newsletter. A brief that first step. I think you’ll find that, once you have that initial article under
report could lead to an article in a state/regional library association publication, your belt, you’ll gain confidence and create networking opportunities that will
eventually leading to national and refereed titles. Yes, there are a few core prove invaluable in the future. The library science publishing environment is
refereed titles that are quite competitive, but it’s important to keep in mind that wide open. Write about what you know or what you have a passion for and
there are many editors constantly trolling librarian waters for new talent and ideas. watch your small ideas evolve into something big. ■
4
Lessons Learned as Author and Editor
By Connie Foster, Editor, Serials Review, ■ Have a colleague or someone not in the
and Head, Department of Library Technical profession read your manuscript.
Services, Western Kentucky University Libraries
Although this process bares your professional soul
and seems awkward, it is one way of soliciting
Writing and editing are dynamic, creative
valuable criticism.
processes. At some point both author and editor
must release the finished product and submit to the ■ Submit accurate figures, tabulations, and
production process (more copyediting, proofing, and consistencies between text and figures.
queries). To offer the best manuscript possible,
Triple check these! Document pages, volumes,
keep in mind the following points.
issues, and dates of sources correctly the first time, so
■ Surround yourself with current reference that you do not have to backtrack later.
resources. Connie Foster
An editor’s delight is receiving a carefully prepared
Find a good dictionary, style manual, thesaurus, manuscript. If you are uncertain whether your manuscript
and, for inspiration, a book on effective writing, such fits the scope of a journal, discuss your thesis with
as William Zinsser’s On Writing Well or Strunk and “Writing is a challenge the editor.
White’s The Elements of Style. To select topics which
and a satisfaction.” Additional guidelines for the submission process are
interest you, seek ideas from discussions on electronic
the following.
lists, in-house studies that can be placed in a broad
context with a literature review, or hot topics at conferences. ■ Only submit your article to one journal at a time.
■ Organize, organize, organize. Revise, revise, revise. Never play off one journal against the other. Peer review and editorial
comments require significant time and analysis.
The process of revision is more important than the initial writing.
How many revisions? While strictly up to you, I suspect that even the best ■ Contact the editor if you have not had a response within a
of authors probably average five, six, or ten revisions, minimum! reasonable time.
■ Know the finer points of grammar that drive editors crazy. Usually an editor will inform you of the status (being peer reviewed,
ready to return with comments, and so on). If you feel the delay is
Where to place punctuation when using quotation marks, how to use
unworkable, talk to the editor!
quotations appropriately, and avoiding first-person narrative and
passive voice. These are points of grammar to watch. ■ Learn from rejections. Learn from acceptances.
■ Read the instructions to authors before you begin so that I have never had anyone refuse to revise, even more than once. While
you can establish font, type, and spacing. your ego may be temporarily deflated, taking a deep breath and pounding
the keyboard is well worth producing a strong, quality article.
Refer to the recommended style manual for endnotes or footnotes,
citation of electronic resources, spelling conventions, and formats Writing is a challenge and a satisfaction. The more you write the more
for graphs, figures, tables, and charts. comfortable you become in creating a niche in the information universe
and sharing research and experiences with a community of scholars and
■ Avoid co-authoring.
industry professionals. ■
Why? Only the lead author gets proofs, only one author gets first citation,
and only very dedicated personalities working alike can carry equal Additional Resources
responsibilities in the process and emerge still speaking to each other.
Strunk, W., Jr., & White, E. B. (2000). The elements of style (4th ed.).
New York: Longman.
Zinsser, W. (2001). On writing well: The classic guide to writing nonfiction. How to Get Published in LIS Journals
(25th Anniversary Ed.). New York: Harper Collins.
“Over the years, I’ve found that these four publishing tips work. First, select your desired
readers. Choosing a seldom-targeted audience, such as trustees, upped the interest in my article
‘Advocacy ABCs for Trustees’ (American Libraries, September 2001). Second, have something
important to share, whether it’s avoiding lawsuits or getting more funding. Third, mix theory with
practical case histories and quotes; readers love to hear from real people. Finally, be ready to
rewrite often so your publication is engaging, informative, and memorable.”
— Ellen G. Miller, founding president of the Kansas Library Trustee Association, and president of Ellen Miller Group, in Lenexa, Kansas
www.ellenmillergroup.com
5
Peer Review
By Peter Hernon, Co-editor, Library discipline and nationality of authors. (Fortunately, today, publishers have
& Information Science Research, and the means to ensure that published papers appear in databases such as
Professor, Graduate School of ScienceDirect that bring together works of different disciplines and fields
Library and Information Science, of study for easy retrieval and use.)
Simmons College
Peter Hernon is a professor at Simmons College's Graduate School of Library and Information Science, where he teaches courses on government information
policy and resources, evaluation of information services, research methods, and academic librarianship. He was the founding editor of Government
Information Quarterly and has served as editor-in-chief of The Journal of Academic Librarianship. Currently, he is the co-editor of Library & Information
6 Science Research and the author of more than 250 publications, 44 of which are books.
Writing from Presentations
By Scott Walter, Assistant Dean of Libraries for Information & Ask yourself the following questions as you move from
Instructional Services and Visiting Assistant Professor of Teaching presentation to publication.
& Leadership, University of Kansas
■ Is there is enough substance to your project to turn it into an article?
The most difficult part of getting published is finding an idea about which ■ Will you have to engage in further research to flesh it out (e.g., if your
you and your colleagues are concerned, and presenting it in a way that presentation was in the form of a panel discussion, are you ready to do
makes your thoughts on the subject clear, cogent, and persuasive. If you have the extra work necessary for the write-up)?
already written something up for presentation, you may be well on your way
to publication in a professional or scholarly journal. That said, there are some ■ Have you prepared a literature review that places your work in the
points to remember to help make your journey to publication a smooth one. context of past research and practice (and, if so, does your piece still
stand as a valuable contribution to the literature)?
First, remember that conferences, like peer-reviewed journals, have an
acceptance rate. At a national conference such as the biennial meeting of the ■ Have you prepared a conclusion that summarizes what was learned in your
Association of College & Research Libraries, the acceptance rate for papers research project, and points the way toward further research on this topic?
may be as low as 30%. If you have had a paper or poster session accepted for ■ Can your PowerPoint presentation (or poster slides) serve as an effective
presentation at a professional conference, you have already: outline, or do you need more?
■ effectively articulated a topic of interest to your colleagues; ■ If your presentation was a simple report of a successful initiative in your
■ demonstrated that you can organize your thoughts on this topic in library, are there journals that are more likely to publish a purely
a meaningful way; and, descriptive piece, as opposed to a
research-based piece?
■ conducted some measure of research that informs your conclusions
on the topic. The answer to that final question is
“Yes!” But, even so, there are few
In other words, you have just outlined your future article. conference presentations – posters,
panel discussions, or even papers –
Second, remember that journal editors are always surveying conference
that are immediately ready for publication.
programs and poster session descriptions for ideas. My first LIS article
What almost all presentations will do is
(Walter, 2000) started out as a three-slide poster session that caught the
provide you with an opportunity to lay the
eye of a journal editor. Choose your presentation topic carefully and treat Scott Walter
groundwork for publication: articulating
its completion seriously, and you will almost certainly find a potential
a significant question for research or practice; proposing an answer to that
patron who can help you bring your idea to press. If not, remember that it is
question; finding an audience interested in hearing your answer; and
appropriate to make contact with an editor in order to gauge her interest in
effectively outlining your argument. From there, the trip to the printer is
your study. Knowing that most editors are always keen to locate solid work,
relatively short. ■
you should feel free to alert selected colleagues to the fact that you have
recently made a successful presentation and ask if an article on your topic Reference
would be of interest to readers of their journals. Just remember not to
Walter, S. (2000). Engelond: A model for faculty-librarian collaboration in
promise the same article to more than one journal!
the information age. Information Technology and Libraries,
Finally, remember that not all presentations are appropriate for all 19 (1), 34-41.
publications.
To set up alerts telling you when new issues of your favorite Elsevier LIS
journals or book series become available on ScienceDirect, visit
www.sciencedirect.com. (Remember, anyone can set up new issue
alerts on ScienceDirect and all abstracts on ScienceDirect are freely
available.)
7
Write Now! Publishing for MLS Students
By Rachel Singer Gordon, Webmaster, LISJobs.com and Consulting ■ Think proactively about your career when choosing paper
Editor, Information Today, Inc., Book Publishing Division. and research topics.
If you have the opportunity, write papers that build on your previous
Students pursuing master’s degrees in library science often assume
coursework. This helps build up a coherent mass of research and writing
they need their new degrees in hand to write for publication, but much the
you can build on later, and helps you gain subject expertise.
opposite is true. Every way we involve
ourselves in the profession while in ■ Keep copies of your research, your printouts, and your notes.
school helps increase our opportunities,
our career prospects, and our name Create files you can refer back to while working on related projects in
recognition. Just as it is counterproductive years to come. Organize notes, printouts, bookmarks, and copies for easy
to wait until you finish school to join retrieval later.
professional organizations, become active ■ While working on papers, group projects, or theses, think
on committees, or put in time working in
about ways you can adapt your work to other environments.
a library, waiting to write will not help you
achieve your goals. Instead, you should You may be able to transform an annotated bibliography into a literature
begin thinking about writing for publication review, or a survey project into an article.
as early as possible.
■ Take this unprecedented opportunity to connect with others.
Indeed, why wait until you finish
Rachel Singer Gordon Writing never occurs in a vacuum. While in school, you are thrust into
school? There are plenty of opportunities
an atmosphere which encourages research and collaboration. Talk to your
available to students who want to publish,
and publishing now only furthers your career. The earlier you start, the classmates about collaborating on projects and articles with an aim to
longer the writing career ahead of you. The earlier you start, the sooner you getting them published. Talk to your professors and get their advice; let them
are able to put your hard-won knowledge to work. The earlier you start, the know you are interested in publishing your work and solicit their input. Pay
more practice you get. attention to areas your professors publish in and where such areas dovetail
with your own interests.
Where to Go?
“The earlier you start, the longer the writing Take some time and identify publishing outlets that are receptive to
career ahead of you.” new writers and student input.
Where to Start? If your LIS student association publishes a journal, ‘zine, blog, or
It is not too hard to get started on the path to publishing. Take the newsletter, volunteer your services or contribute an article. Join the ranks of
process one step at a time, and leverage the efforts you make during your LIS student bloggers like Joy Weese Moll (http://joy.mollprojects.com/
MLS studies. Your library school experience can do double duty in moving myblogs/wanderings) by contributing your viewpoint as a student,
you toward your goal of publishing in the library literature. building your name recognition, and gaining valuable writing experience. Get
active in your student association and begin putting together a ‘zine or an
Taking the following steps while you’re in school can improve your odds
online journal, following McGill’s MLISSA’s The Marginal Librarian example
of being published.
(www.gslis.mcgill.ca/marginal).
■ Take a course in research methods or writing for publication.
Look at publications that are explicitly welcoming to newcomers.
Even if you do not see yourself moving into an academic environment, LISjobs.com’s Info Career Trends (www.lisjobs.com/newsletter)
try to fit such a class into your schedule. We never know what paths our and LIScareer.com seek viewpoints of new librarians and students.
careers may take, and the instruction can only help you later. WebJunction’s Post-Tracks, a peer-reviewed student publication
libraryconnect@elsevier.com
(www.webjunction.org/do/DisplayContent?id=10959), seeks
■ Take advantage of resources available to you now.
both manuscripts and peer reviewers.
As an MLS student, you have free access to publications and databases
Think about volunteering to write up conference reports for ALA’s
that may be more difficult to get to post-graduation. As you develop specific
Cognotes or contribute an article to your state library association’s journal.
interests while in library school, conduct searches of the literature and save
The less “big-name” publications are often in dire need of writers and
search results. Also read broadly and deeply in specific subjects in which
welcoming to new voices.
you may wish to specialize.
As a student, you are constantly challenged to think, learn, and
Additional Resource formulate opinions, the very abilities needed in your library publishing
Gordon, R. S. (2004). The librarian's guide to writing for publication. career. As we say in Chicago: “Write early, write often!” Be proactive and
New York: Scarecrow Press. get your unique voice heard. ■
8
The LIS International Perspective: Real, Needed, and Supported
9
Contributors’ Biographies and Bibliographies
An assistant focusing on information literacy and For the University of Illinois at Selected Bibliography
professor and instruction. Urbana-Champaign, Lisa serves as
Hinchliffe, L. J. (2001). Neal-Schuman
librarian at associate professor of library
Selected Bibliography electronic classroom handbook.
Portland State administration and coordinator for
New York: Neal-Schuman
University, Dorner, J. L. (2003). Information literacy information literacy services and Publishers.
Jennifer serves assessment tool. In E.F. Avery instruction. She also serves as a
as the university (Ed.), Assessing student learning faculty member for the ACRL Hinchliffe, L. J. (2002). Information
library’s liaison outcomes for information literacy Information Literacy Institute’s literacy as a way of life.
to nine departments and as a member instruction in academic immersion program. Lisa has taught Research Strategies, 18 (2), 95-96.
of its Instruction Team, which works institutions (pp. 103-107).Chicago: courses for the Graduate School of Hinchliffe, L. J. (2003). Examining the
closely with the university’s general Association of College and Library and Information Science at context: New voices reflect on
education program to integrate Research Libraries. the University of Illinois, and information literacy. Reference &
information literacy into the curriculum. undergraduate courses for Illinois User Services Quarterly, 42 (4),
Dorner, J. L., & Levondosky, S. (1999).
Jennifer is vice-chair/chair-elect of State University and Parkland 311-317.
Evaluating WWW information:
ACRL’s Instruction Section and has College. Lisa focuses her research
Instruction methods in the Hinchliffe, L. J. (2004). Technology
delivered conference presentations interests on the role of information
electronic classroom. In S.K. and the concept of information
on topics including active learning, literacy in the general education
Norman (Ed.), All that glitters: literacy for pre-service teachers.
assessment, and tutorial design. curriculum, the connections between
Prospecting for information in Behavioral & Social Sciences
Jennifer has a master’s degree in motivation and information literacy,
the changing library world (pp. Librarian, 22 (1), 7-18.
library science from the University of and students’ transitions from high
73-88). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Washington and a bachelor’s degree school to college. Since 2000, she Hinchliffe, L. J. (2005). Learning
in English from Whitman College. In Dorner, J. L., & Senior, H. (Eds.). has served as editor of the journal spaces in existing library places.
2003, she began serving as editor of (2002). Oregon authors. Salem, OR: Research Strategies. Reference & User Services
Research Strategies, a journal Oregon Library Association. ■ Quarterly, 44 (4), 298-300. ■
Ashcroft, L., & McIvor, S. (2005). Library and information science journal articles,
higher education and language. World Library and Information
Congress: 71st IFLA General Conference and Council.
www.ifla.org/IV/ifla71/papers/001e-Ashcroft_McIvor.pdf
Bell, S. J. (2004). What works for me: 10 tips for getting published. Ex Libris, 225.
http://marylaine.com/exlibris/xlib225.html
Crawford, W. (2003). First have something to say: Writing for the library
profession. Chicago: American Library Association.
www.
For the PDF of this brochure, visit
libraryconnect@elsevier.com
www.elsevier.com/librarians
lu.com
CONTACTS