Plate and Frame Filter Setup

PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS
Abstract:
Filter press operates under pressure using the process of cake filtration. This involves
sending a slurry through the press, which is equipped with filter cloths. The cloths pick up the
particles in the slurry and allow the solvent (water) to pass through. As more slurry moves
through the press, the cake builds up and assists the filtration process. The rate at which the
slurry moves through the press depends on the viscosity of the liquid, the thickness and
resistance of the cake, and the pressure drop across each plate. A positive displacement pump
permits the plate-and-frame filter to be fed with a suspension at either a uniform rate or, by
adjusting a bypass valve, with a constant pressure. As filtration proceeds, layers of solids build
up in the frame while the filtrate passes through the press. However, as more and more solid
builds up in the frame, filtration becomes slower and slower. When a sufficient thickness of
solids or cake has built up in the frames, filtration is stopped, the press is dismantled and the cake
is removed from the frames. The resistance of the cake increases with time as the cake builds up
in the frame (i.e. it becomes harder to force the filtrate through the cake, as the cake becomes
thicker). At any time, this resistance to the flow of filtrate is proportional to the volume of filtrate
that has passed through the cake
Objectives:
New no. 3, Old No. 2, S.V . Koil street, Sekar Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Chennai – 600 083
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email: elshaddaiee@gmail.com, elshadaiee@gmail.com, www.elshaddaiengg.com
1.) To determine how concentration is related to the weight and volume of cake obtained.
2.) To determine how concentration affects the length of time a certain volume of filtrate is
obtained.
3.) To plot the volume of filtrate versus time per volume of filtrate.
Materials & Equipments:

Plate & Frame Filter Press Equipment, water (H2O), & calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Sketch of the Set-up:
Procedure:
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1. About 18 liters of slurry was prepared containing 10% by weight of CaCO3 & 90% by
weight water.
2. The feed tank was filled with predetermined amount of slurry.
3. The removable head was tightened to lock.
4. The necessary valves (pressure and control valves) were opened.
5. The agitator and the pump were switch on simultaneously.
6. The switch of both the agitator and the pump were turn off when the slurry from the feed tank
was already consumed.
7. The procedure was repeated using 20% by weight CaCO3.
Tabulated Data & Results:
Table 1: Using 10% by weight CaCO3 Table 2: Using 20% by weight CaCO3
Filtrate Vol., Time, sec Rate, Vf/time Filtrate Vol., Time, sec Rate, Vf/time
Vf (L) (L/s) Vf (L) (L/s)
ρslurry ρslurry
Wt. slurry Wt. slurry
Solid in cake Solid in cake
Wt. H2O in slurry Wt. H2O in slurry
Vol. H2O in slurry Vol. H2O in slurry
P(kgf/cm2) P(kgf/cm2)
Computations:
From Perry’s Handbook (4th ed.)

Table 3-1: SG (CaCO3) = 2.711 g/ml
Solving for ρslurry:

Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Assume: 1 g slurry
@10% CaCO3:
ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.9/1) + (0.1/2.711)] @20% CaCO3:

= 1.067 g/ml
ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.8/1) + (0.2/2.711)]
= 1.144 g/ml
Solving for Wt. slurry:
Ws = Vs ρs
Ws = 18 L (ρslurry)( 1 L /1000 ml)
Ws = Vs ρs
= kg
Ws = 18 L (ρslurry)( 1 L /1000 ml)
= kg
Solving for mass of CaCO3:
% by weight CaCO3 =MCaCO3/Ms
M CaCO3 = 0.10 (Ws) % by weight CaCO3 =MCaCO3/Ms
= kg
M CaCO3 = 0.20 (Ws)
M H2O:
= kg
MH2O = Ws - MCaCO3
M H2O:
MH2O = Ws - MCaCO3
Data Analysis:
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This experiment consists of a plate & frame filter to separate slurry of calcium carbonate
from water at determined feed pressure of; 0.55 kgf/cm2 using 10% CaCO3 & 0.60 kgf/cm2 using
20% CaCO3. The performance of the filter is characterized by analyzing the filtrate volume
versus time per volume of filtrate (see graph above) to determine the specific cake resistance and
the degree of compressibility. Based on the graph obtained, the pressure affects the rate of
filtration for which an increased pressure would maximize the rate of filtration & produce a final
filter cake with a low water content (see red graph). The cloth resistance is generally negligible
compared to the cake resistance since the latter increases as the cake gets thicker. Also,
decreasing the number of plate/frame would decrease its efficiency as more slurry will produce
as filtrate instead of pure water liquid.
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Recommendation:
The slurry of calcium carbonate and water must be properly mixed using agitator & the
feed pump must have its own switch control on/off. The pump should never turn without the feed
& the feed pump must have a constant flow rate to ensure a zero value obtained, proving that
there is no pressure drop in the filter until the cake begins to build. The key issue in the design of
the filter press feed pump is the prevention of air ingress. Leakage of air through the pump shaft
seal will allow oxygen to enter the system. The standard method of coping with this problem is
to use inline vertical centrifugal pumps, which are submerged in barren solution above the shaft
seal. In some cases, a combination of filter cloth coated with filter aid such as filter paper is
applied to reach the maximum operating level of the equipment.
Application to ChE:
Plate & Frame Filter Press is one major pretreatment process for cell separation used in
downstream processing as application in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc. where Chemical
Engineers work on for bioseparations. Also, it is widely preferred in today’s wastewater system
not only because it is easy to use and operate but it also offers a clean and effective method to
produce wastewater discharge meeting standard regulatory controls. This type of equipment is
used for large scale operation under ChE while a chemist uses simple filtration technique, filter
funnel (filter paper) in laboratory which would be impractical to build a big such.
MASTER:
Tabulated Data & Results:
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
Table 1: Using 10% by weight CaCO3 Table 2: Using 20% by weight CaCO3
Filtrate Vol., Time, sec Rate, Vf/time Filtrate Vol., Time, sec Rate, Vf/time
Vf (L) (L/s) Vf (L) (L/s)
2 12.38 0.1616 2 9.82 0.2037
3 18.19 0.1649 3 17.32 0.1732
4 21.95 0.1822 4 24.03 0.1665
5 26 0.1923 5 30.24 0.1653
6 29.8 0.2013 6 36.42 0.1647
7 34.57 0.2025 7 42.84 0.1634
8 38.6 0.2073 8 48.35 0.1655
9 43.18 0.2084 9 54.69 0.1646
10 47.41 0.2109 10 60.89 0.1642
ρslurry 1.067 g/ml ρslurry 1.144 g/ml

Wt. slurry 19.2 kg Wt. slurry 20.6 kg
Solid in cake 1.92 kg Solid in cake 4.12 kg
Wt. H2O in slurry 17.28 kg Wt. H2O in slurry 16.48 kg
Vol. H2O in slurry 17.28 L Vol. H2O in slurry 16.48 L
P(kgf/cm2) 0.55 P(kgf/cm2) 0.60
Computations:
From Perry’s Handbook (4th ed.)

Table 3-1: SG (CaCO3) = 2.711 g/ml
Solving for ρslurry:

Assume: 1 g slurry
@10% CaCO3:
ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.9/1) + (0.1/2.711)]

= 1.067 g/ml

Ws = Vs ρs
Ws = 18 L (1.067 g/ml)(1000 ml/1 L)
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
= 19.2 kg

MCaCO3 = 0.10 (19.2 kg)

= 1.92 kg
MH2O:
MH2O = Ws - MCaCO3
= 19.2 kg – 1.92 kg
= 17.28 kg
@20% CaCO3:
ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.8/1) + (0.2/2.711)]

= 1.144 g/ml

Ws = Vs ρs
Ws = 18 L (1.144 g/ml)(1000 ml/1 L)
= 20.6 kg
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338
MCaCO3 = 0.20 (20.6 kg)

= 4.12 kg
MH2O:
MH2O = Ws - MCaCO3
= 20.6 kg – 4.12 kg
= 16.48 kg
Phone: +91 (044), 4351 8677 | cell: (+91) 9789976777, 9789975777& 9940077338

Plate and Frame Filter Setup

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Plate and Frame Filter Setup

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PLATE AND FRAME FILTER PRESS

Materials & Equipments:

Sketch of the Set-up:

Tabulated Data & Results:

From Perry’s Handbook (4th ed.)

Solving for ρslurry:

ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.9/1) + (0.1/2.711)] @20% CaCO3:

Tabulated Data & Results:

ρslurry 1.067 g/ml ρslurry 1.144 g/ml

From Perry’s Handbook (4th ed.)

Solving for ρslurry:

ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.9/1) + (0.1/2.711)]

Solving for Wt. slurry:

Solving for mass of CaCO3:

MCaCO3 = 0.10 (19.2 kg)

ρslurry = 1 g /[(0.8/1) + (0.2/2.711)]

Solving for Wt. slurry:

MCaCO3 = 0.20 (20.6 kg)

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