EXPERIMENT NO.

:- 4

AIM:- STUDY A FUEL INJECTION PUMP, INJECTOR BY DISMANTLING IT.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:- A fuel injection pump and a fuel injector.

THEORY:-

A fuel injector is nothing but an electronically controlled valve. It is supplied with pressurized
fuel by the fuel pump in your car, and it is capable of opening and closing many times per second.
When the injector is energized, an electromagnet moves a plunger that opens the valve, allowing
the pressurized fuel to squirt out through a tiny nozzle. The nozzle is designed to atomize the fuel
to make as fine a mist as possible so that it can burn easily.
The amount of fuel supplied to the engine is determined by the amount of time the fuel injector
stays open. This is called the pulse width, and it is controlled by the ECU.
The injectors are mounted in the intake manifold so that they spray fuel directly at the intake
valves. A pipe called the fuel rail supplies pressurized fuel to all of the injectors.
In order to provide the right amount of fuel, the engine control unit is equipped with a whole lot
of sensors.
PARTS OF FUEL INJECTOR:-
 Nozzle
 Nozzle needle
 Fuel filter
 Inlet valve
 Outlet valve
 Valve control chamber
 Solenoid valve

TYPES OF FUEL INJECTOR:-

Two main types of injector :-

 Mechanical fuel injector

 Electronic fuel injector

In a mechanical fuel injector system, the injector

is spring-loaded into the closed position and is opened
by fuel pressure.
The injector in an electronic system is also held
closed by a spring, but is opened by an electromagnet
built into the injector body. The electronic control
unit determines how long the injector stays open. The
main difference between electronic injection and
mechanical injection is that an electronic system is
controlled by a complex microprocessor control unit
(sometimes called an electronic control unit or ECU),
which is basically a miniature computer. This
computer is fed with information from sensors
mounted on the engine. These measure factors such
as the air pressure and temperature in the air intake,
the engine temperature, accelerator position and
engine speed. All this information allows an
electronic system to meter the fuel far more
accurately than the simple mechanical system, which
relies on sensing the airflow alone.

FUEL TANK AND FUEL SUPPLY PUMP

A fuel injection pump is a very complex piece of engineering. Each one is calibrated to deliver
just the right quantity of fuel via the fuel injector into the combustion chamber. This ensures the
maximum power output and optimum fuel efficiency. Although their complexity makes it
complicated to replace individual parts, it is relatively easy to fit entire replacement units into
place.
In most cases, the injection pump is driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a
toothed belt – often the timing belt – that also drives the camshaft. It rotates at half the speed of
the crankshaft in a conventional 4 stroke engine.

The timing is precisely set according to the model of engine it services, so that the fuel injection
pump introduces the right volume of diesel into the cylinder chamber only a fraction of a second
before the cylinder reaches the top dead centre position of its compression stroke. This ensures
the fuel only becomes available from the fuel injector at the critical point of the cycle. At this
point, the heat generated from the very high compression in the piston causes the diesel fuel to
ignite, generating power for the engine.Fuel injection pumps are precision engineered
components
Because fuel injection pumps operate thousands of times a minute, ensuring their reliability is a
key challenge for any supplier and our own genuine pumps, backed by a 12 month warranty, have
been engineered for the precise requirements of your engine.Our fuel injection pumps are
designed to the highest specification and ensure that we give you precise calibration and fuel
delivery. In turn, this helps to optimize your combustion cycles, thereby maximising your power,
efficiency and fuel consumption.

Although we have tried to make the installation process as simple as possible, in practice, you
may need the help of your local distributor. It is important to ensure the setup is correct as the
fuel injection pump plays a role in limiting the emissions from your engine.

The fuel tank is a reservoir that holds the fuel supply and helps maintain its temperature at a level
below its flash point. The fuel tank also serves as an important means of dissipating heat from the
fuel that is returned from the engine
The fuel supply pump, often referred to as the lift pump, is responsible for drawing fuel from the
tank and delivering it to the high pressure pump. Modern day fuel pumps can be electrically or
mechanically driven by the engine. Using an electrically driven fuel pump allows the pump to be
placed anywhere in the fuel system including inside the fuel tank. Pumps driven by the engine
are attached to the engine.