Data Analysis

Effect of Self Efficacy (Independent Variable) on Job Performance (Dependent Variable) in an

organization.

Submitted to:
Ma’m Rabia Saleem

Submitted by:
Muneeba Rustam
M17MBA025
Hailey College of Banking and Finance
University of the Punjab

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sr. No. Descriptives Page No.
1. Frequency Of Demographics 1
Frequency Distribution Of Gender 1
Frequency Distribution Of Age 2
Frequency Distribution Of Qualification 3
Frequency Distribution Of Experience 4
Frequency Distribution Of Salary 5
2. Descriptives 6
3. Correlation Analysis 8
Spearman Correlation 11
4. Regression Analysis 12
Linear Regression 12
TABLE OF FIGURES
Sr. No. Descriptives Page No.
1. Bar Chart Of Gender 1
2. Bar Chart Of Age 2
3. Bar Chart Of Qualification 3
4. Bar Chart Of Experience 4
5. Bar Chart Of Salary 5
6. Histogram of Self Efficacy 8
7. Histogram Of Job Performance 9
8. Scatter Plot of Self Efficacy & Job Performance 10
TABLE OF TABLES
Sr. No. Descriptives Page No.
1. Frequency Distribution Of Gender 1
2. Frequency Distribution Of Age 2
3. Frequency Distribution Of Qualification 3
4. Frequency Distribution Of Experience 4
5. Frequency Distribution Of Salary 5
6. Descriptives 6
7. Spearman Correlation 11
8. Coefficients 12
9. ANOVA 12
10. R2 13

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Here are the results of a survey about Effect of Self Efficacy (Independent Variable) on
Job Performance (Dependent Variable) in an organization.

1) Frequency of Demographics:

 Frequency Distribution of Gender

FREQUENCY PERCENT
MALE 15 50
FEMALE 15 50
TOTAL 30 100

Table No: 1

Fig. 1 Bar Chart of Gender

Interpretation:

Both variables are equal in Gender

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  Frequency Distribution of Age
FREQUENCY PERCENT
Below 30 26 86.7
30-40 4 13.3
Above 40 0 0
Total 30 100
Table No: 2

Fig. 2 Bar Chart of Age

Interpretation:

Maximum number of observations falls in Below 30 age group and minimum number of
observations falls in above 40 age group.

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  Frequency Distribution of Qualification
FREQUENCY PERCENT
Inter 0 0
Graduation 16 53.3
Masters 12 40.0
Mphil/PhD 02 6.7
Total 30 100
Table No: 3

Fig.3 Bar Chart of Qualification

Interpretation:
Maximum number of observations falls in intermediate qualified group and minimum number of
observations falls in MPhil/PhD qualified group.

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  Frequency Distribution of Experience
FREQUENCY PERCENT
1 year 20 66.7
2-5 years 08 26.7
5-10 years 02 6.7
Above 10 years 0 0
Total 30 100
Table No: 4

Fig.4 Bar Chart of Experience

Interpretation:

Maximum number of observations falls in 1 year experience group and minimum number of
observations falls in Above 10 years experience group.

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  Frequency Distribution of Salary
FREQUENCY PERCENT
Below 30000 18 60.0
31,000-50,000 11 36.7
51,000-80,000 01 3.3
Above 80,000 0 0
Total 30 100

Table No: 5

Fig.5 Bar Chart of Salary

Interpretation:

Maximum number of observations falls in Below 30,000 group and minimum number of
observations falls in Above 80,000 group.

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 2) Descriptives:

Statistics
N Mean Std. Skewness Std. Error Kurtosis Std. Minimum Maximum
Valid Missing Deviation of Error of
Skewness Kurtosis
Gender 30 0 1.5000 .50855 .000 .427 -2.148 .833 1.00 2.00
Age 30 0 1.1333 .34575 2.273 .427 3.386 .833 1.00 2.00
Qualification 30 0 2.5333 .62881 .758 .427 -.321 .833 2.00 4.00
Experience 30 0 1.4000 .62146 1.330 .427 .831 .833 1.00 3.00
Salary 30 0 1.4333 .56832 .882 .427 -.168 .833 1.00 3.00
Difficult
30 0 3.8667 .93710 -.797 .427 1.383 .833 1.00 5.00
problems
Opposes 30 0 3.8333 .74664 -.247 .427 -.003 .833 2.00 5.00
Aims & Goals 30 0 3.8000 1.12648 -.819 .427 -.077 .833 1.00 5.00
Unexpected
30 0 3.2667 1.01483 .266 .427 -.015 .833 1.00 5.00
Event
Unforeseen
30 0 3.0667 .90719 .456 .427 -.525 .833 2.00 5.00
Situations
Effort 30 0 3.9667 .96431 -.919 .427 1.365 .833 1.00 5.00
Coping
30 0 3.3667 1.27261 -.540 .427 -.478 .833 1.00 5.00
Abilities
Work Achieved 30 0 2.4667 .93710 .507 .427 .635 .833 1.00 5.00
Colleague 30 0 2.3333 .75810 -.151 .427 -.398 .833 1.00 4.00
PTM 30 0 2.8667 1.04166 .283 .427 .455 .833 1.00 5.00
Planning
30 0 2.7000 1.08755 .134 .427 -.795 .833 1.00 5.00
Ability
Reach Goals 30 0 2.3000 1.08755 1.072 .427 .952 .833 1.00 5.00
Student Needs 30 0 2.6333 .80872 -.046 .427 -.343 .833 1.00 4.00
SE 30 0 3.5952 .42953 .040 .427 -.904 .833 2.71 4.29
JP 30 0 2.5500 .52184 1.305 .427 2.228 .833 1.83 4.17

Table No: 6

Interpretation:
If we take range -1 to +1 as normal distribution w.r.t skewness than all variables are normally
distributed except age, experience & ability to reach goals.

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On an average:
Gender deviates by 0.50855 units from its mean.
Age deviates by 0.34575 units from its mean.
Qualification deviates by 0.62881 units from its mean.
Experience deviates by 0.62146 units from its mean.
Salary deviates by 0.56832 units from its mean.
Difficult problems deviates by 0.93710 units from its mean.
Opposes deviates by 0.74664 units from its mean.
Aims & Goals deviates by 1.12648 units from its mean.
Unexpected events deviates by 1.01483 units from its mean.
Unforeseen situations deviates by 0.90719 units from its mean.
Effort deviates by 0.96431 units from its mean.
Coping Abilities deviate by 1.27261 units from its mean.
Work achieved deviates by 0.93710 units from its mean.
Colleague deviates by 0.75810 units from its mean.
PTM deviates by 1.04166 units from its mean.
Planning Ability deviates by 1.08755 units from its mean.
Reach Goals deviates by 1.08755 units from its mean.
Student needs deviates by 0.80872 units from its mean.
SE deviates by 0.42953 units from its mean.
JP deviates by 0.52184 units from its mean.

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 3) Correlation Analysis:

First of all two hypotheses are developed:

H₀: There is no significant relationship between self efficacy & job performance.
H₁: There is a significant relationship between self efficacy & job performance .

 Assumptions:
To check which measure should be applied first verify the assumptions of Pearson for which
following are determined:
I. To check if the variables are normally distributed or not through histogram:

Fig.6 Histogram of Self Efficacy

Interpretation

This histogram shows that SE is slightly negatively skewed.

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Now,

Fig.7 Histogram of Job’s Performance

Interpretation:

This histogram shows that the Job Performance is positively skewed so first assumption of
Pearson is not fulfilled here.

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II. To check if the relationship between variables is linear or not:

Fig.8 Scatter Plot diagram of SE & JP

Interpretation:

The difference of R² quadratic and R² linear shows that the relation is not linear i.e.
difference is > 0.05.

So we’ll use Spearman correlation method for our analysis because both of the
assumptions is not fulfilled.

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  Spearman Correlation:

Correlations

SE JP

1.000
SE

1.000
JP .620

Table No: 7

Interpretation:

As value of p is greater than 0.05 we’ll accept H₀. There is an insignificant relationship between
self efficacy and job performance.

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 4) Regression Analysis:

First of all we make two hypotheses:

H₀: Self Efficacy doesn’t explain the change in job performance.

H₁: Self efficacy explains the change in job performance.
Now we run our regression analysis.

 Linear Regression:

 Coefficients:

a
Coefficients
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized t Sig.
Coefficients
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 2.254 .829 2.718 .011
1
SE .082 .229 .068 .359 .722

a. Dependent Variable: JP
Table No: 8

Interpretation:

There is no significant effect of SE on JP i.e. value of P is greater than 0.05. So we’ll accept H₀.

 ANOVA:

a
ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
b
Regression .036 1 .036 .129 .722
1 Residual 7.861 28 .281
Total 7.897 29

Table No: 9
a. Dependent Variable: JP
b. Predictors: (Constant), SE

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Interpretation:

As the value of P is greater than 0.05 so model is not a good fit i.e. independent variable (SE)
doesn’t explain dependent variable (JP).

 R²:

Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the
Square Estimate
a
1 .068 .005 -.031 .52986

Table No: 10

a. Predictors: (Constant), SE

Interpretation:
R² shows that independent variable (SE) explains the change in dependent variable (JP) by 0.5%.

 Regression Equation:
JP = 2.254 + 0.082 (SE)

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