Chapter 6

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1. absorption (physics) the process in which incident 10. frequency / The greater the energy, the larger the
radiated energy is retained without energy frequency and the shorter (smaller) the
reflection or transmission on passing relationship wavelength. Given the relationship between
through a medium wavelength and frequency — the higher the
frequency, the shorter the wavelength — it
2. amplitude Amplitude is the displacement of a wave
follows that short wavelengths are more
from zero. The maximum amplitude for a
energetic than long wavelengths.
wave is the height of a peak or the depth
of a trough, relative to the zero 11. ground state the lowest energy or most stable state
displacement line.
12. Heisenberg it is impossible to know exactly both the
3. Beers Law solution's absorbance of light at a certain Uncertainty velocity and the position of a particle at the
wavelength is directly proportional to the Principle same time
concentration of that solution. Beer s Law
13. Hunds Rule all sub shells must have at least 1 e- in each
is mathematically expressed as
orbital before placing another e- and filling
M1/A1=M2/A2.
14. line a spectrum that contains radiation at only
4. Bohr Theory and Danish physicist (1885-1962) who studied
spectrum specific wavelengths
terms shell atomic structure and radiations; created a
new atomic model; described electrons as 15. node point in the atom where the electron density
moving around the nucleus in fixed orbits is zero.
and having a set amount of energy 16. orbital A region of space around the nucleus where
5. Electromagnetic (radiant energy) a form of energy that has an electron is likely to be found.
radiation wave characteristics and that propagates 17. orbital s,p,d,f sub shells are the orbital shape
through a vacuum at the characteristic shapes
speed of 3.00 x 10^8 m/s
18. Pauli An atomic orbital may describe at most two
6. Electromagnetic The electromagnetic spectrum Exclusion electrons, each with opposite spin direction
spectrum encompasses a continuous range of Principle
frequencies or wavelengths of
19. photon the smallest increment of radiant energy. a
electromagnetic radiation, ranging from
photon of light with a frequency "v" has an
long wavelength, low energy radio waves
energy equal to "hv"
to short wavelength, high frequency, high-
energy gamma rays. The electromagnetic 20. Planck Max Planck, FRS (April 23, 1858 - October 4,
spectrum is traditionally divided into 1947) was a German theoretical physicist who
regions of radio waves, microwaves, originated quantum theory, which won him
infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
rays, x rays, and gamma rays. 21. quantized to apply quantum theory to, especially form
7. emission The emission spectrum of a chemical into quanta, in particular restrict the number
element or chemical compound is the of possible values of (a quantity) or states of
spectrum of frequencies of (a system) so that certain variables can
electromagnetic radiation emitted due to assume only certain discrete magnitudes.
an atom or molecule making a transition 22. quantum n, l, ml, ms
from a high energy state to a lower energy numbers
state.
8. excited state a higher energy state than ground state specify the properties of atomic orbitals and
the properties of electrons in orbitals
9. frequency the number of times per second that one
complete awe passes at a given point 23. Schroedinger - Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom - uses
probability in determining the location of
electron
24. speed of a fundamental physical constant that is the
light speed at which electromagnetic radiation
propagates in a vacuum and that has a value
fixed by international convention of
299,792,458 meters per second —symbol c.
25. valence the outermost electrons in an orbital
electrons
26. valence shell Outermost electron shell
27. wavelength the distance between identical point on successive waves
28. wavelength / Simple answer: as the wavelength gets shorter, the energy increases; as the wavelength gets longer, the energy
energy decreases.
relationship
29. wavelength / The wavelength and frequency of light are closely related. The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.
frequency Because all light waves move through a vacuum at the same speed, the number of wave crests passing by a given
relationship point in one second depends on the wavelength.
30. wave/particle Wave-particle duality is the fact that every elementary particle or quantic entity exhibits the properties of not only
duality particles, but also waves. It addresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the
behavior of quantum-scale objects.
31. white light apparently colorless light, for example ordinary daylight. It contains all the wavelengths of the visible spectrum at
equal intensity.