ACTIVITY ZONE
M (s ) + 2HCl(aq ) → M Cl 2 (aq ) + H2( g )
ACTIVITY 1 (NCERT Pg 19) 2M (s ) + H2SO4 (aq ) → M 2SO4 (aq ) + H2( g )
M (s ) + 2CH3COOH(aq ) → (CH3COO)2 M (aq )
Objective + H2( g )
To study the reaction of acids or bases with active metals. Zn(s ) + Ca (OH )2 → No reaction
Materials Required Zn (s ) + 2NaOH(aq ) → Na 2 ZnO2(s ) + H2( g )
Zinc Sodium Sodium Hydrogen
Zinc granules, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, hydroxide zincate gas
sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, test tube, test tube stand, (Strong base)
delivery tube, soap, water, trough, cork and candle.
Procedure Check Yourself
1. Take some zinc granules in the test tube and then add dilute
sulphuric acid to it. Set the apparatus as shown below. 1. Which gas is produced by the reaction of zinc and
dilute sulphuric acid?
2. Observe the surface of zinc granules. Take a burning candle
near the soap bubbles filled with the gas and observe. Ans When zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid then
hydrogen gas (H2) is produced.
3. Repeat the same procedure with hydrochloric acid, acetic
acid, sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide and observe 2. How will you test for the presence of the gas
the result in each case. produced?
Ans When a burning candle is brought near the soap
Delivery bubbles produced filled with gas, hydrogen gas burns
tube Burning of hydrogen with a pop sound.
Stand gas with a pop sound
3. Why zinc granules are preferred over zinc strip for
the reaction of Zn with HCl?
Candle
Ans Zn granules are preferred because it provides large
Test tube Hydrogen surface area (as it is present in powdered form) to react
Dilute gas with dilute HCl.
sulphuric bubbles
acid
4. Name the salt produced when zinc metal reacts with
Zinc Soap bubble sodium hydroxide solution to produce hydrogen gas.
granules filled with Ans When zinc metal reacts with sodium hydroxide
hydrogen solution then sodium zincate is formed.
gas
5. Can all bases react with active metals to produce
Soap hydrogen gas?
solution
Ans No, only strong base like sodium hydroxide is capable
Reaction of zinc granules with dilute sulphuric to release hydrogen gas with active metals.
acid and testing the gas evolved
Observation
Some effervescence is observed near zinc surface and the soap ACTIVITY 2 (NCERT Pg 20)
bubbles which burst with ‘pop’ sound are obtained when
sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and sodium Objective
hydroxide is used but no bubble is produced with calcium To study the reaction of metal carbonates and
hydroxide.
bicarbonates with acids.
Conclusion
Materials Required
Active metals evolve hydrogen gas with all acids but not with all
Marble pieces (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), baking
bases. In case of base, only strong base like sodium hydroxide is
soda (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3), dilute
capable to release hydrogen gas with active metals.
hydrochloric acid (HCl), lime water, test tubes, thistle
funnel and delivery tube (bent at two places).
44
Check Yourself
dioxide Check Yourself
1. Write the products formed when an acid reacts with a
1. Which gas is evolved when calcium carbonate reacts with base.
hydrochloric acid?
Ans When an acid reacts with a base then salt and water are
Ans Carbon dioxide gas is evolved when calcium carbonate reacts formed.
with hydrochloric acid. Acid + Base → Salt + Water
2. How will you test for the presence of carbon dioxide gas 2. Write the equation of an acid (HCl) with a base (NaOH).
(CO 2 )?
Ans HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2 O
Ans Carbon dioxide does not support combustion. Therefore, Sodium Water
Hydrochloric Sodium
carbon dioxide gas can extinguish a burning candle if brought acid chloride
hydroxide
near to it. (Acid) (Base) (Salt)
Acids, Bases and Salts 45
Battery 6V
4. If we take benzene (C6H6 ) in the above experiment, bulb
Bulb will glow or not?
Switch
Ans If we take benzene (C6H6), the bulb will not glow because
no H + ( aq) ions will be produced. This suggests that the
solution would be non-conducting.
Beaker
5. Which type of compound shows electrical conductivity?
Ans Ionic compounds like HCl, H2 SO4 , NaOH etc., show
Iron nail
Dil. HCl solution electrical conductivity in water due to the presence of ions
in it.
Rubber cork
Objective Objective
To study the reaction of dissolution of concentrated To study the effect of indicators on the given samples of
sulphuric acid (or any other) with water. acids and bases.
Materials Required Materials Required
Water, conc. H2SO4, beaker, thermometer, stand, test tube HCl, H2SO4 , HNO3 , CH3COOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 , Mg(OH)2 ,
and glass rod. KOH, NH4OH, litmus (blue and red) solutions,
Procedure phenolphthalein, methyl orange, test tube stand and test
1. Take water in a beaker. tubes.
2. Note the initial Procedure
temperature with the
1. Take all acid and base solutions in separate test tubes.
help of a thermometer.
2. Now add a few drops of red litmus solution to each.
3. Take a small amount of Water
conc. H2SO4 in a test tube 3. Note down the colour change.
+ H2SO4
and pour it drop by drop 4. Repeat the same procedure with blue litmus solution,
in the beaker (very phenolphthalein and methyl orange for every acid and
slowly) along its sides. base solution.
Ca(OH)2 — — — —
Objective
To observe water of crystallisation in copper sulphate crystals.
Gastric juice Lemon juice Pure water, Milk of magnesia Sodium hydroxide Materials Required
(about 1.2) (about 2.2) blood (7.4) (10) solution (about 14)
Boiling tube, test tube holder, copper sulphate crystals and
pH paper chart showing colours for different pH values Bunsen burner.
Observation Procedure
1. Take about 2 g crystals of copper sulphate salt in a dry
Nature boiling tube and note the colour of crystals.
Colour of Approximate
S. No. Solution of the
pH paper pH value
solution
1. Lemon juice
Test tube holder
2. Tomato juice
3. Saliva
4. Carrot juice
5. Soda water
6. Coffee
7. Tea
8. NaOH
9. HCl Removing water of crystallisation